中國文化教程Unit 23

Unit23LifewithFragrantTeaLead-inTextstudyExercisesContentLead-in武夷山茶園Teaplantation

atWuyiMountainDoyouknowthestoryofDahongpaotea?Lead-inLead-inAdditionalInfo傳說古時候有一窮秀才上京趕考路過武夷山時病倒在路上，幸被天心廟老方丈看見，泡了一碗茶給他喝，果然病就好了。后來秀才金榜題名中了狀元,還被招為東床駙馬。一個春日，狀元來到武夷山謝恩。在老方丈的陪同下，前呼后擁來到了九龍窠，只見峭壁上長著三株高大的茶樹，枝葉繁茂，吐著一簇簇嫩芽，在陽光下閃著紫紅色的光澤，煞是可愛。老方丈說:“去年你犯鼓脹病就是用這種茶葉泡茶治好的。很早以前，每逢春日茶樹發(fā)芽時，就鳴鼓召集群猴穿上紅衣褲爬上絕壁采下茶葉，炒制后收藏，可以治百病?！盠ead-inAdditionalInfo

狀元聽了要求采制一盒進貢皇上。第二天，廟內燒香點燭，擊鼓鳴鐘，召來大小和尚向九龍窠進發(fā)。眾人來到茶樹下焚香禮拜，然后采下芽葉精工制作，裝入錫盒。狀元帶了茶進京后正遇皇后肚疼鼓脹臥床不起。狀元立即獻茶讓皇后服下，果然茶到病除?；噬洗笙?，將一件大紅袍交給狀元，讓他代表自己去武夷山封賞。狀元封賞路上禮炮轟響，火燭通明，到了九龍窠。狀元命一樵夫爬上半山腰，將皇上賜的大紅袍披在茶樹上以示皇恩。說也怪，等掀開大紅袍時，三株茶樹的芽葉在陽光下閃出紅光。眾人說這是大紅袍染紅的。后來人們就把這三株茶樹叫做“大紅袍”，有人還在石壁上刻了“大紅袍”三個大字，從此大紅袍就成了年年歲歲的貢茶。IntroductionMagicalFunction

ofTeaWaysofSavoring

(品味)TeaTeaDrinkingandFolkCustomsTextstudyIntroductionoriginallyproducedinChinaabout4,000yearsago.DuringtheTangDynasty,JapanesemonksintroducedteaseedstoJapan,andbycombiningteawithZenBuddhism

(禪宗),createdtheworld-famousJapaneseteaceremony.Inthe17thcentury,theDutchtooktoEuropetheChinesehabitofteadrinking,whichthenbecameatraditionoftheEuropeans.IntroductionInChina,thehomeoftea,drinkingteaisstillawidespreadhabit.Overthepastseveralthousandyears,teahasbeenthemostfavoreddrinkfortheChinesepeople.However,thetea-drinkinghabitvariesfromnorthtosouthinstyle,anddifferenttea-drinkinghabitshavehelpeddevelopdifferentlocalcustoms.Teaiscloselyrelatedtotheeverydaylifeofordinarypeople.IntroductionJustasmanyimportanteventstookplaceincafesintheWest,itisintheteahousesthatmanyimportantthingshappenedinChina.TeahouseshavealwaysbeenanimportantsettinginthelifeoftheChinesepeople.IntroductionWhenteawasfirstintroducedtoEurope,itwaswarmlyacceptedandevenacclaimedasa“blessingfromGod”,andpeoplewentsofarastocongratulatethemselvesonbeingaliveatsuchatimewhentealeaveswerefound.InChina,loveforteaisjustas,ifnotmore,ardent(強烈的).MagicalFunctionsofTeaWhatdoyouknowaboutthefunctionsoftea?LiuZhenliang,ateamasterofthelateTangDynasty,onceputforwardthetheoryofthe"tenvirtues"oftea:teaistasty;teacanmaintainhealth;teacandriveawaystinkingodors;teacanpreventtheattackofdiseases;teacancultivateenergyinthehumanbody;teacanrelievedepression;teacanimprovemanners;teacanconveyrespect;teacansoothethemind;andteacanupholdjustice.MagicalFunctionsofTeaMagicalFunctionsofTeaDrinkingteaistosatisfytheneedsofthebodyaswellasthemind.Acupofrefreshingteaisabletonaturallyrelieveapersonofthirstwhilegivingcomfortandpleasure.AccordingtotraditionalChinesemedicine,drinkingteacancureavarietyofdiseases,becausetheslightlybitterandastringent

(昧澀的)teacontainselementssalutary

(有益健康的)forthebody.清黃易印茶熟香溫且自看Sealcarving,byHuangYi(1744-1802),QingDynasty:inscribedwithalineofverseexpressingtherelaxedminedwhiledrinkingteaMagicalFunctionsofTeaToteadrinkers,thefirstandforemostpleasurederivedfromdrinkingteais"cleansing".Teapreferstogrowincleanplaces.Thecleaneraplace,thebetterthequalityoftheteaitnurtures.Fineteasusuallygrowonhighmountains,envelopedincloudsandmistsandinaclearatmosphere.武夷山WuyiMountainMagicalFunctionsofTeaThesecondimportantfacetisthatof"seekingleisure".Thebustlingworld,fullofconfusionandargument,wearinessandexhaustion,damagesthemindandbodyofhumanbeings.Acupofrefreshingteacanparry

(擋開,避開)thesoundandfuryofthesecularworldatarm'slength.元趙原陸羽烹茶圖LuYuMakingTea,byZhaoYuan(birthanddeathdatesunknown),YuanDynasty.LuYu(733-804)oftheTangDynastywastheacclaimedTeaSaintofChinaMagicalFunctionsofTeaThethirdimportantfeatureisthatof"payingrespect".TheChinesepeoplehavelongfosteredthecustomofexpressingrespectbypresentingacupoftea.WaysofSavoringTeaTheChinesepeoplelooktoteadrinkingasanart,whichincorporatesawiderangeofknowledge;thetasteofteamightbelight,yetthemeaningisrichanddeep.Howcouldwemakeagoodcupoftea?Whatshouldbetakenintoconsideration?WaysofSavoringTeaTheChineseattachgreatimportancetothewater,tealeaves,teaset,andfire,whenmakinganddrinkingtea.WaysofSavoringTeaWaterisanelementofpriorityinthemakingoftea.Tomakeagoodcupoftea,qualitywaterisamust.Tomakefinetea,waterfromhighmountainsisthebest,followedbywaterfromriversandwells.(byLuYu(733-804),TeaSaintoftheTangDynasty)WhydoesLuYusaythewordsaboveonteamaking?WaysofSavoringTeaInthecloud-envelopedhighmountains,crystalclearspringwateristhebestformakingtea;waterinthebrooksthoughalsogood,isnotpurebecauseitsmellsoftheearth,thereforeisonlysecondbest.Consideredthirdiswaterfromwells,asartificialspringsfromundergroundareoftenstagnant(不流動的)andtintedwiththeflavorofsalt.WaysofSavoringTeaTheChinesepeoplealsoliketocollectsnowtomaketea.Theleisurelysceneof"makingteawithfreshlycollectedsnow,whilereadinginthelightofalamponacoldwinterday",isadmiredbymanyliterati.Snowiswhitebuteasilycontaminated,thereforepeopleliketocollectfreshsnowtomaketea.WaysofSavoringTea

號稱天下第一泉的濟南趵突泉BaotuSpring,acclaimed“No.1SpringunderHeaven”WaysofSavoringTeaAfterwater,thesecondmostimportantfactorformakinggoodteaistealeaves.Chinahasalonghistoryofcultivatingmiscellaneoustealeaves.Fromtheperspectiveofprocessing,tealeavesfallintothecategoriesofgreentea,blacktea,oolongtea,darktea,andscented

(有香味的)

tea.WaysofSavoringTeaGreentea（themaintypeoftea,whoseoutputencompassesabout70percentoftotalproductioneachyear）—LongjingofHangzhou,BiluochunofJiangsu,andHuangshanMaofengandLiu'anGuapianofAnhui.Blacktea

(fermentedtea)—QimenBlackTeaofAnhuiandDianBlackTeaofYunnan.OolongteaismainlyproducedinTaiwanandintheWuyiMountainsinFujian.DarkteaisrepresentedbyPu'erTeaofYunnan.Itisprocessedbyaddingwatertodriedgreentealeaves,whicharethenfermented.Thereareavarietyofscentedteas,includingchrysanthemumandjasmine

(茉莉花)tea,thefavoriteofnorthernChinese.WaysofSavoringTeaFineteaneedstobeservedinafineteaset.TheChinesepeoplepayparticularattentiontoteasets,whichmaybemadeofporcelain,ceramic,glassorwood.WaysofSavoringTeaThefourthandfinalelementinmakinggoodteaisthefire,whichshouldbe：

WaysofSavoringTea“Flowingwaterneedsalivefire.”

(bythefamousSong-dynastypoetSuDongpo)①live—referringtoacharcoal(木炭)fire②slow③exudingasenseofthewildwhilenothavingthatreek(惡臭)ofsmokeIntheChineseteaceremony,therearefourtenets(原則)

thatateadrinkershouldobserve,i.e.,color,aroma,taste,andform.WaysofSavoringTeaFirst,observethecolor.Differentteashavedifferentcolors,suchasblacktea,greentea,oolongtea,whitetea(leaveswithfineandsoftwhitehair),anddarktea.Whenmakingtea,peoplehavedifferentcolorrequirementsforthesedifferentteas.WaysofSavoringTeaGreenteashouldbefresh,andthebestgreenteaisproducedinspring.TeapickedeitherbeforeQingmingFestivalortheGrainRain(daymarkingthebeginningofthesixthsolartermthatfallsonApril9,20,or21),isfavoredbypeople,duetotheleaves’tenderness,freshnessandgreennesswithatouchofyellow.Thistypeofteapresentsanunforgettabletransparentimageinaglassofhotwater.WaysofSavoringTeaWaysofSavoringTeaOolongteahasadeepbrowncolorgivingasenseofweightandseclusion.Itshouldbemadeinateapot,andlookthickandgoldenwhenpouredinateacup.WaysofSavoringTeaWaysofSavoringTeaLongjingteaBiluochunteaQimenBlackTeaDahongpaoteaPu’erteaJasmineteaSecond,observethearoma.Fineteashouldhaveaspecialfragranceofitsown.TheChinesepeoplehavethreewaysofenjoyingthearomaoftea:smellingitwithone'snoseoncethetealeavesareputintoateacup;tastingitwiththetongueoncetheteaisinthemouthandthefragranceoverflows;andappreciatingitwiththeheartastheunforgettablearomalingersinthemouth,justlikeenjoyingafreshbreeze.WaysofSavoringTeaThird,observethetaste.Mentionthetasteoftea,andatealoverwouldtellyouthatthebitternessofteaisthemostimportantofallteaflavors.Teaitselfhasasubtlebitterness,which,ifonesipsitslowly,wouldturnintosweetness,thatis,whenbitternessends,sweetnessbegins.WaysofSavoringTeaFourth,observetheform.Theshapeoftealeavesshouldalsobeobservedwhendrinkingtea,especiallygreentea.WaysofSavoringTeaForexample,thetenderleavesofLongjingTea,pickedinthemists,wouldeachstandupinhotwaterbeforetheyslowlyunfoldandstretchandfalldown.Againstthebackgroundofawhiteteacup,theylookasiftheyareperformingagracefuldance.Liu'anGuapian,anotherfamousgreentea,isanothergoodexample.Theedgeofeachleafofthiskindofteacurvesupward,itscolorbrightgreen.Inhotwater,theleavesresemblelotusflowers,hencetheteahaslongbeenafavoriteofChinesepeople.WaysofSavoringTeaFineteaisacombinationofcolor,aroma,taste,andform,andrequirespatiencetobewellappreciated.Therefore,Chinesepeoplespeakof“savoringtea”,insteadof“drinkingtea”;anyhurryherewouldbetaboo.WaysofSavoringTeaDrinkingtea,along-establishedcustompopularwiththeChinesepeople,iscloselyrelated老舍茶館的賞茶會Asceneofa“TeaAppreciationCeremony”intheLaoSheTeahouseinBeijing

TeaDrinkingandFolkCustomsInthosegoodtimesofold,ToateahousemyfatherIfollowed.BeforetheteahouseIplayedwithshellsAndatthelaneentrance,withsand.—WangZengqiTeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms記得舊時好，跟隨爹爹去吃茶。門前磨螺殼，巷口弄泥沙。——汪曾祺WangZengqibelievedthiswas“atrulyfinepoem”.Theauthordescribestheritualoffollowinghisfathertoateahouseduringhischildhood.Heplayedwithshellsandsandattheentrancetothelaneinfrontoftheteahouse.Whatahappytimeitwas!Thewholepoemexpressesasoft,touchingmelancholypermeated

(彌漫)withstrongpoeticflavor.TeaDrinkingandFolkCustomsManyChinesefolkcustomsarerelatedtotea,suchastheweddingceremony.Teatreesgrowoutofseeds,andcannotbemoved,sonewlywedscustomarilyplantteaseedstosymbolizetheirdevotiontolove.Theengagementceremonyiscalleda“teaceremony”inChina,whichisstillpopularinsomeplaces.TeaDrinkingandFolkCustomsManylovesongsarerelatedtoteadrinking,too.AccordingtotherecordsofLuYou(1125-1210),aSong-dynastypoet,insomeplaces,singleyoungmenandwomenoftenmettosing:TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms“Younggirl,asprettyastealeaves,/Wouldyoupleasecomeoutforacupoftea?”

(小娘子，葉底花，無事出來吃盞茶)”MyhomeissituatedbythePantuoRiver,Comehaveteasometime,mysweetheart.Withearthenwallsandathatched

(茅頂的)rootInfront,asilktreeinfullbloom.“TeaDrinkingandFolkCustoms盤陀江上是儂家，郎若閑時來吃茶。黃土筑墻茅蓋屋，門前一樹馬櫻花。Note:Thesilktreeanddrinkingteabothsymbolizeloveandmarriage.Withthesetwoimages,thisromanticlovesongsoundsevenmorevividandpoetic.ExercisesComprehensionCommunicationApplicationComprehensionl.SkimmingandScanning

Gothroughthepassagequicklyandanswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.1)WhatdidtheChinesepeoplecontributetotheworldaccordingtoParagraph1?2)Whoproposedthetheoryofthe"tenvirtues"oftea?TeawasanimportantcontributionoftheChinesepeopletotheworld.LiuZhenliangproposedthetheoryof"tenvirtues"oftea.4)Whatarethefourimportantfactorswhenmakinganddrinkingtea?5)Whatkindsofwateraregoodforteamaking?Thefourfactorsofmakinganddrinkingteaaretealeaves,water,teasetsandfire.Comprehension3)Whatarethethreemainfunctionsofdrinkingtea?Thethreemostimportantfunctionsinclude:itcanhelpcleanseandbalancethebody,calmdownpeople'smindsandbeusedtoexpressrespectforpeople.Theyarewaterfromhighmountains,waterinthebrooks,andwaterfromwells.Comprehension7)IntheChineseteaceremony,whattenetsshouldateadrinkerobserve?8)Howcanthearomaofteabeenjoyedintheteaceremony?AccordingtoParagraph15,teaisclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesdependingontheirwaysofprocessing.Ateadrinkershouldobservefourtenets:color,aroma,tasteandform.Somecraftspeopleevendonotsettheireyesonwhattheyaredoingwhiledoingpaper-cuttingbecausetheyaresoskilledatthisfolkartthattheycandoitlikedoingmagictricks.6)HowisteaclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesaccordingtoParagraph15?ComprehensionBecauseteatreesgrowoutofseeds,andcannotbemoved,sonewlywedscustomarilyplantteaseedstosymbolizetheirdevotiontolove.10)WhydoChinesepeoplecalltheengagementceremonya"teaceremony"insomeplaces?9)Whatisthemostimportanttasteoftea?Bitternesswhichcanturnsweetisthemostimportanttasteoftea.II.CarefulReading

1.Readthepassagecarefullyandfillinthefollowingblankswiththemissinginformation.Itwasnotuntil________________yearsagothatteawasgrowninothercountriesthanChina.Teaissoimportanttotheordinarylifeofpeoplethatithasinfluenced__________________.Drinkingteacancuresomediseasesbecause______________________________________________________________.Comprehension

alittlemorethan200different

local

customstheslightlybitterandastringentteacontainselementssalutaryforthebody4)Becausethemostimportantfunctionofteaiscleansing,thequalityofteamostlydependson

__________________________.5)Insocialinteraction,_____________________________aswellasrespectcanbeexpressedbytea.6)Manyliteratidreamedofmakingteawith_________________.7)AccordingtoLuYu,thetopspringsforteaare________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Comprehensionwhetheritisgrowninacleanplacewelcome,hospitality,goodwishesfreshlycollectedsnowtheHuishanSpringinWuxi,JiangsuProvince,BaotuSpringinJi’nan,ShandongProvince,andtheHupaoSpringinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince8)BoccaroteasetproducedinYixingismentionedasanexampleof_____________.9)Thefireformakinggoodteashouldbe____and_____.10)Greenteashouldbe______,______and_______________________,whileOolongteahasadeepbrowncolorgivingasenseofweightandseclusion.11)Ifthetealeavesstandupinhotwaterbeforetheyslowlyunfoldandstretchandfalldown,thenwecanjudgeitis________tea.ComprehensionceramicteasetsliveslowtenderfreshgreenwithatouchofyellowLongjing12)InthesongmentionedinParagraph30,thewooersexpresstheirloveforthegirlsby_______________.Comprehensioninvitingthemtotea2.PutthefollowingintoEnglishbyreferringtothepassage.綠茶（龍井、碧螺春、黃山毛峰、六安瓜片）2)紅茶（祁門紅茶、滇紅茶）Comprehensiongreentea(LongjingofHangzhou,BiluochunofJiangsu,HuangshanMaofengandLiu'anGuapianofAnhui)blacktea(QimenBlackTeaofAnhui,DianBlackTeaofYunnan)3)烏龍茶4)黑茶（普洱茶）5)花茶（菊花茶、茉莉花茶）Comprehensionoolongteadarktea(Pu'erTeaofYunnan)scentedtea(chrysanthemumtea,jasminetea)CommunicationInChina,thehomeoftea,drinkingteaisawidespreadhabit.Meanwhile,asmentionedinthepassage,Britishpeoplehavedevelopedthecustomofafternoontea.WhatdoyouknowabouttheafternoonteacustominBritain?ApplicationChineseteahousesaresimilartoAmericancoffeehousesinmanyways.ReadthefollowingintroductionofAmericancoffeehousesandcomparethemwithChineseteahouses.CoffeeshopsintheUnitedStatesarosefromtheItaliancoffeehousesoftheItalianAmericanimmigrantcommunitieswhichmainlysoldespresso(蒸餾咖啡)andpastry.IntheUnitedStates,theFrenchwordforcoffeehouse(cafe)meansaninformalrestaurant,offeringarangeofhotmeals.Astheyouthcultureofthe1960sevolved,n