公共英語五級(jí)分類模擬題閱讀理解

第三部分PETS五級(jí)閱讀理解專項(xiàng)模擬試題

Unit1

PartA

Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompany

thembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET

1.

Text1

Mostearthquakesoccurwithintheupper15milesoftheearth，s

surface.Butearthquakescananddooccuratalldepthstoabout460

miles.Theirnumberdecreasesasthedepthincreases.Atabout460

milesoneearthquakeoccursonlyeveryfewyears.Nearthesurface

earthquakesmayrunashighas100inamonth,buttheyearlyaverage

doesnotvarymuch.Incomparisonwiththetotalnumberof

earthquakeseachyear,thenumberofdisastrousearthquakesisvery

small.

Theextentofthedisasterinanearthquakedependsonmanyfactors.

Ifyoucarefullybuildatoyhousewithanerectset,itwillstill

standnomatterhowmuchyoushakethetable.Butifyoubuildatoy

housewithapackofcards,aslightshakeofthetablewillmakeit

fall.AnearthquakeinAgadir,Morocco,wasnotstrongenoughtobe

recordedondistantinstruments,butitcompletelydestroyedthecity.

Manystrongerearthquakeshavedonecomparativelylittledamage.Ifa

buildingiswellconstructedandbuiltonsolidground,itwill

resistanearthquake.Mostdeathsinearthquakeshavebeendueto

faultybuildingconstructionorpoorbuildingsites.Athirdandvery

seriousfactorispanic.Whenpeoplerushoutintonarrowstreets,

moredeathswillresult.

TheUnitedNationshasplayedanimportantpartinreducingthe

damagedonebyearthquakes.Ithassentateamofexpertstoall

countriesknowntobeaffectedbyearthquakes.Workingwithlocal

geologistsandengineers,theexpertshavestudiedthenatureofthe

groundandthetypeofmostpracticalbuildingcodeforthelocal

area.Iffollowed,thesesuggestionswillmakedisastrousearthquakes

almostathingofthepast.

Thereisonetypeofearthquakedisasterthatlittlecanbedone

about.Thisisthedisastercausedbyseismicseawaves,ortsunamis.

(Theseareoftencalledtidalwaves,butthenameisincorrect.They

havenothingtodowithtides.)Incertainareas,earthquakestake

placebeneaththesea.Thesesubmarineearthquakessometimesgive

risetoseismicseawaves.Thewavesarenotnoticeableoutatsea

becauseoftheirlongwavelength.Butwhentheyrollintoharbors,

theypileupintowallsofwater6to60feethigh.TheJapanesecall

them"tsunamis”,meaning"harborwaves”,becausetheyreachasizable

heightonlyinharbors.Tsunamistravelfairlyslowly,atspeedsup

to500milesanhour.Anadequatewarningsystemisinusetowarn

allshoreslikelytobereachedbythewaves.Butthisonlyenables

peopletoleavethethreatenedshoresforhigherground.Thereisno

waytostoptheoncomingwave.

1.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconcludedfromthepassage?

A.Thenumberofearthquakesiscloselyrelatedtodepth.

B.Roughlythesamenumberofearthquakesoccureachyear.

C.Earthquakesareimpossibleatdepthsover460miles.

D.Earthquakesaremostlikelytooccurnearthesurfaces.

2.ThedestructionofAgadirisanexampleof.

A.faultybuildingconstructionB.anearthquake'sstrength

C.widespreadpanicinearthquakesD.ineffectiveinstruments

3.TheUnitedNations，expertsaresupposedto______.

A.constructstrongbuildingsB.putforwardproposals

C.detectdisastrousearthquakesD.monitorearthquakes

4.Thesignificanceoftheslowspeedoftsunamisisthatpeoplemay

A.noticethemoutatseaB.findwaystostopthem

C.bewarnedearlyenoughD.developwarningsystems

5.Tsunamisisterriblebecause_____.

A.theyattackharbors

B.awarningsystemisdeveloped

C.thereisnowaytostoptheoncomingwave

D.theytravelslowly

Text2

WhydoestheWesternmovieespeciallyhavesuchaholdonour

imagination?Chiefly,Ithink,becauseitoffersseriousinsights

intotheproblemofviolencesuchascanbefoundalmostnowherein

ourculture.Oneofthewell-knownpeculiaritiesofmoderncivilized

opinionisitsrefusaltoacknowledgethevalueofviolence.This

refusalisvirtue,butlikemanyvirtuesitinvolvesacertain

willfulblindnessanditencourageshypocrisy.Wetrainourselvesto

beshockedorboredbyculturalimagesofviolence,andourvery

conceptofheroismtendstobeapassiveone:wearelessdrawnto

thebraveyoungmenwhokilllargenumbersofourenemiesthantothe

heroicprisonerswhoenduretorturewithoutcapitulating.Andinthe

criticismofpopularculture,thepresenceofimagesofviolenceis

oftenassumedtobeinitselfasufficientgroundforcondemnation.

Theseattitudes,however,havenotreducedtheelementofviolencein

ourculturebuthavehelpedtofreeitfrommoralcontrolbyletting

ittakeontheauraof"emancipation”.Thecelebrationofactsof

violenceisleftmoreandmoretotheirresponsible.Thegangster

movie,withitsnumerousvariations,belongstoacultural

“underground"whichglamorizesviolenceandsetsitagainstallour

highersocialattitudes.Itismore"modern"genrethantheWestern

movie,perhapsevenmoreprofound,becauseitconfrontsindustrial

societyonitsownground一thecity一andbecause,likemuchof

ouradvancedart,itgainsitseffectsbyagrossinsistenceonits

ownnarrowlogic.Butitisanti-social,restingonfantasiesof

irresponsiblefreedom.Ifwearebroughtfinallytoacquiesceinthe

denialofthesefantasies,itisonlybecausetheyhavebeenshownto

bedangerous,notbecausetheyhavegivenwaytohighervaluesof

behavior.

Inwarmovies,tobesure,itispossibletopresentviolencewithin

aframeworkofresponsibility.Butthereisthedisadvantagethat

modernwarisaco-operativeenterpriseinwhichviolenceislargely

impersonalandheroismbelongstothegroupmorethantothe

individual.Theheroofawarmovieismostoftensimplyaleader,

andhissuperiorityislikelytobeexpressedinadenialofthe

heroic:youarenotsupposedtobebrave,youaresupposedtogetthe

jobdoneandstayalive(thistoo,ofcourse,isakindofheroic

posture,butanewand“practical"one).Atitsbest,thewarmovie

mayrepresentamorecivilizedpointofviewthantheWestern,andif

itwasnotcontinuallymarredbyideologicalsentimentalitywemight

hopetofinditdevelopingintoahigherformofdry.Butitcannot

supplythevaluesweseekintheWesternmovies.

Thesevaluesareintheimageofasinglemanwhowearsagunonhis

thigh.Theguntellsusthathelivesinaworldofviolence,and

eventhathe"believesinviolence”.Butthedramaisoneofself

restraint:themomentofviolencemustcomeinitsowntimeand

accordingtoitsspeciallaws,orelse,itisvalueless.Heisthere

toremindusofthepossibilityofstyleinanagewhichhasputon

itselftheburdenofpretendingthatstylehasnomeaning,and,in

themidstofouranxietiesovertheproblemofviolence,tosuggest

thateveninkillingorbeingkilledwearenotfreedfromthe

necessityofestablishingsatisfactorymodelsofbehavior.

6.Thereasongivenforouracceptanceofagangster'sdownfallis

ourbringconvincedthat.

A.hisbehavioriswrongB.heisathreattosociety

C.hisaspirationsareunrealisticD.herepresentsadenialof

freedom

7.Violenceinmodernsocietiesisseen,itisclaimedinparagraph2,

as.

A.asymboloffreedomB.somethingsacred

C.morallycontrolledD.basictoourculture

8.Theword"acquiesce”(Line10,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

A.acceptanceB.refusalC.devotionD.givingup

9.Warfilmspresenttheheroas.

A.pragmaticB.impersonalC.un-heroicD.posturing

10.TileimageoftheWesternheroisintendedtoshowusthat

A.violenceneednotcauseusconcern

B.killinganddeatharenotimportant

C.ourmodernageislackinginstyle

D.thereisalwaysaneedforstandards

Text3

Travelisatitsbestasolitaryenterprise:tosee,toexamine,to

assess,youhavetobealoneandunencumbered.Otherpeoplecan

misleadyou;theycrowdyourmeanderingimpressionswiththeirown;

iftheyarecompanionabletheyobstructyourview,andiftheyart-

boringtheycorruptthesilencewithnon-sequiturs,shatteringyour

concentrationwith〃0h,look,it'sraining,and"Youseeitlotsof

treeshere.〃Travelingonyourowncanbeterriblylonely(anditis

notunderstoodbyJapanesewho,comingacrossyousmilingwistfully

atanacreofMexicanbuttercupstendtosaythingslike"Whereis

therestofyourteam?"),Ithinkofeveninginthehotelroominthe

strangecity.Mydiaryhasbeenbroughtuptodate;Ihankerfor

company:whatdoIdo?Idon'tknowanyonethere,soIgooutand

walkanddiscoverthethreestreetsofthetownandratherenvythe

strollingcouplesandthepeoplewithchildren.Themuseumsand

churchesareclosed,andtowardmidnightthestreetsareempty.IfI

ammugged,Iwillhavetoapologizeaspolitelyaspossible,〃Iam

sorry,sir,butIhasnothingvaluableonmyperson./zIstherea

surerwayofenragingathiefanddrivinghimtoviolence?

Itishardto,weclearlyortothinkstraightinthecompanyof

otherpeople.NotonlydoIfeel,self-conscious,buttheperceptions

thatarenecessarytowritingaredifficulttomanagewhensomeone

closebyisthinkingoutloud.Iamdiverted,butitisdiscovery,

notdiversion,thatIseek.Whatisrequitedisthelucidityof

lonelinesstocapturethatvision,which,howeverbanal,seemsinmy

privatemoodtobespecialandworthyofinterest.Thereissomething

infeelingabjectthatquickensmymindandmakesitintensely

receptivetofugitivemightalsobeverifiedandrefined;andinany

caseIhadthesatisfactionoffinishingthebusinessalone.Travel

isnotavacation,anditisoftentheoppositeofarest,“Havea

nicetime,〃peoplesaidtomeatmysend-offatSouthStation,

Medford.ItwasnotpreciselywhatIhadhopedfor.Icravedalittle

risk,somedanger,anuntowardevent,avividdiscomfort,an

experienceofmyowncompany,andinamodestwaytheromanceof

solitude.ThisIthoughtmightbemineonthattraintoLimon.

11.Travelingcompanionsareadisadvantage,accordingtothewriter,

becausethey______.

A.giveyouthewrongimpressionaboutthejourney

B.distractyoufromyourreading

C.intrudeonyourprivateobservations

D.preventyoufromsayingwhatyouthink

12.IthasbeenassumedbyJapanesethathe.

A.belongstoagroupofbotanistsB.isexcessivelyoddtotravel

alone

C.needstobedirectedtohishotelD.haswanderedawayfromhis

party

13.Hismainconcernintheeveningswasto.

A.takesomephysicalexerciseB.avoidbeingrobbedinthestreet

C.overcomehislonelinessD.explorethesightsofthecity

14.Thewriterregardshisfriends，farewelltohimas______.

A.inappropriateB.unsympatheticC.tactlessD.cynical

15.Wegatherfromthepassagethathismainpurposeintravelingwas

to.

A.testhisenduranceB.provehisself-sufficiency

C.experienceadventureD.respondtonewexperiences

PartB

Inthefollowingarticlesomeparagraphsorsentenceshavebeen

removedforquestions16一20,choosethemostsuitableparagraphor

sentencefromthelistsA一Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.

Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesn，tfitinanyofthegaps.Mark

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET1.

BetweentheendoftheWorldWarIIandtheearlysixties,ababy

boomoccurredintheUS,andpeoplebornduringthatperiodwere

knownasthebabyboomers.BillClintonisnodoubtatypical

representativeofthatgeneration.Likethe1992generalelections,

thepresidentialelectionof1997wasnotmerelyaskirmishbetween

twopoliticalpartiesbutalsoagenerationwarbetweenthebaby

boomersandtheG.I.generationrepresentedbyBushandDole.

16.____________

WilliamJeffersonClintonwasbornonAugust19,1946,inthe

mountaincityofHope,Arkansas.InEnglish,〃hope〃means〃xiwang〃.

17.____________

ThefamilycircumstancesofClinton'schildhoodyearswerevery

unfortunate.Clinton，sownfatherdiedinatrafficaccident3months

beforeClintonwasborn.Hisstepfather,RogerClinton,wasa

habitualdrunkard,whichcauseddiscordinthefamily.

18.____________

Self-reliant,diligentandhardworking,Clintongainedagood

education.Inthefallof1964,heenrolledinGeorgetownUniversity

inWashingtonD.C.,andmajoredininternationalpolitics.After

graduation,hewonthefamousRhodesscholarshippursuedadvanced

studiesfor2yearsinEngland，sOxfordUniversity.In1971,he

enteredYaleUniversity'slawcollegeandobtainedadoctorateinlaw

twoyearslater.Duringhisuniversitydays,Clintonactively

participatedinthestudents'movementagainsttheVietnamWar,

avoidedarmyenlistment,andtookatriptoMoscowin1970.

19.___________

AfterleavingYale,ClintonreturnedtohishometowninArkansas

wherehebeganhispoliticalcareer.In1974,whenhewasnotquite

28,heformallycampaignedforcongress.Hisvividanddramaticfirst

attemptgreatlythreatenedhisopponents.Thoughdefeatedinhis

campaign,hispoliticaltalentreceivedconfirmationinnewsand

politicalcircles,winninghimthetitleof"childprodigy”.In1976,

ClintonwonthepostofStateAttorneyGeneral.In1978,hesucceeded

inhiscampaignfortheGovernorshipandat32becametheyoungest

governorinthehistoryofthestateofArkansas.In1980,helostto

theRepublicansinhiscampaignforre-electionbuttwoyearslater

hestagedacomeback,whichwonhimthenicknameof^undefeatedkid〃.

20.____________

InOctober1997,whenChina，spresidentJiangZeminvisitedtheUS,

heandpresidentClintonreachedagreementinthesettingupofa

constructive,strategicpartnershipforthe21stcentury.President

ClintonannouncedthathewouldmoveuphisvisittoChinatotheend

ofJuneinordertogiveafreshstimulustothedevelopmentand

improvementofSino-USrelations.

[A]SuchanexperiencehelpedClintonbecomeamanwhoknewhisown

mind,hadself-restrainandself-control,andwasgoodatcompetition.

[B]HekepttheGovernorshiprightupuntilJanuary1993,whenhe

officiallybecamethemasteroftheWhiteHouse.Hisfirsttermof

officeexpiredin1997,buthedefeatedrepublicanDoleandwasre-

elected,andservedaspresident.

[C]Clinton，striumphsignaledashiftofUSpoliticalpowerfromthe

oldergenerationtotheyoungerone,andmightreflectdevelopments

offarreachingsignificanceintoday，sAmericanpolitics.

[D]NowonderthatlateronClinton，ssupportersoftencalledhim

“themanfromthecityofhope”.

[E]PresidentClintonhasrespondedbymakingpublicapologiestoUS

citizens,who,asrecentlyasthe1950s,wereusedasguinea-pigsin

recentexperimentsinvolvingradiationandsexuallytransmitted

diseases.

[F]Theseexperienceshelpedhimmatureearly,butlefthim

vulnerabletopoliticalcontroversieslater,andbrandedhimasa

youngliberal.

PartC

Answerquestions21-30byreferringtotheintroductionto3

differentarchitectures.

Note:AnswereachquestionbychoosingA,BorCandmarkiton

ANSWERSHEET.Somechoicesmayberequiredmorethanonce.

A=BuddhistArchitectureB=TaoistArchitectureC=Imperial

MausoleumArchitecture

21.

aretherevariousstructuresservingdifferentfunctions?

canweenjoythehighestarchitecturaltechniquesofthe22.

ancienttime?

23.

canwefindtotemsrepresentingemperorsandtheirconsorts?

arethetemplesbuiltmostprobablybecauseoftheemperors，24.

religiousbelief?

isitpossibletofindvariousarchitecturaldecorations

25.

suchasimaginesofheavenlybodiessymbolizingcertaingood

wishes?

26.

aretheredrainagesystemsunderhugehillsofclay?

27.

canweenjoyarchitecturewithforeignflavors?

aregardenstructuralunitsbuiltwithdecorations28.

reflectingthenaturetopography?

isitmostlikelytofindglazedtilesduetoimproved29.

architecturaltechniques?

canwefindHeavenlyKingHallandSutraLibrarystandon30.

theaxis?

BuddhistArchitecture

ChineseBuddhistarchitectureconsistsoftemple,pagodaandgrotto.

AsthecentralstructureofspreadingBuddhisminChina,thetemple

iswherecenobitesprecedingtheirreligiouslife.Sinceemperorsof

dynastiesbelievedinBuddhism,templeserectedlikemushrooms,

usuallysplendidlikepalaces,formanywerebuiltunderimperial

orders.IntheNorthernWeiDynasty,thereweremorethan30,000

templesscatteredinthecountry.Laterasarchitecturaltechniques

improved,glazedtiles,exquisiteengravingsanddelicatepaintings

wereappliedintheconstructionoftemples,whichcametobemore

magnificentandsplendid.

ChineseBuddhistarchitecturefollowssymmetricstylestrictly.

Usuallymainbuildingswillbesetonthecentralaxis,facingthe

south.Annexestructureswillbeonthewestandeastflanks.Temple

gate,HeavenlyKingHall,theMainHallandSutraLibrary

successivelystandsontheaxis.Dorm,kitchen,dinninghall,

storehouseandantechamberusuallyclusterontherightsidewhile

leftsideremainsforthevisitors.

PagodaisalsothemainintegratingpartoftheBuddhistarchitecture,

withvariedstylesandstronglocalflavors.PagodafollowedBuddhism

intoChinaaroundthefirstcentury,anddevelopedintopavilion-like

pagodaonwhichonecanviewsceneryafterimmediatecombinationwith

traditionalChinesearchitecture.

AnotherBuddhistarchitectureisgrottocomplexwithitscaveshewn

oncliffwalls,usuallyhugeprojectsandwithexquisiteengravings.

ItcamefromIndiawithBuddhismtooandboomedduringtheNorthern

andSoutherndynasty.

TaoistArchitecture

Taoistarchitectureincludesvariousstructuresaccordingto

differentfunctions,categorizedaspalaceforoblationandsacrifice,

altarforprayingandoffering,cubbyforreligiousservice,

residenceforTaoistabbesandgardenforvisitors.

Taoistarchitectureappliestwoarchitecturalstyles一traditional

styleandBaguastyle.MostTaoistarchitecturesresorttonature

topographytobuildtowers,pavilions,lobbiesandothergarden

structuralunits,decoratedwithmurals,sculpturesandstelesto

entertainpeople,fullyinterpretingTaoistphilosophyofnature.

TaoistarchitecturaldecorationreflectsTaoistpursuitofluckand

fulfillment,longlifespan,andevolutionintothefairyland.Taoist

architecturalmotifsareallmeaningful.Celestialbodiesmean

brightnessshiningeverywherewhilelandscapeandrocksimmortality.

Foldingfan,fish,narcissus,batanddeerareusedtoimply

beneficence,wealth,celestialbeing,fortuneandofficialposition,

whilepineandcypressstandforaffection,tortoiseforlongevity,

craneformanofhonor.Therearemanyothersymbolsverytraditional

andTaoistdecorationsrootdeepinChinesefolkresidentialhouses.

ImperialMausoleumArchitecture

Imperialmausoleumarchitectureaccountsforamajorpartinancient

Chinesearchitecturesincetheyusuallystandforthehighest

architecturaltechniquesofthetime.Emperorswouldoftenforce

thousandsofthenations,bestarchitectstobuildthesestructures.

Theywouldwithdrawmillions,evenbillionsfromtheexchequerto

fundtheirtombs.Thesetombswerealwaysmagnificentlydeluxeand

consistedoffineststructuresoftheperiod.Invicissitudeofthe

history,imperialmausoleumsscatteredaroundplaceswhichusedtobe

capitalsofdifferentdynasties.Thesemausoleumswereusuallybuilt

againsthillsormountainsandfacingplains.Mostimperial

mausoleumshavebroadwayscalledShendao(theSacredWay)atthe

entrance.AlongbothsidesoftheShendao,therearestonesculptures

ofmenandanimalswhichguardthetombs.Otherimperialstructures

werealsobuiltbesidethetomb.Underhugehillsofclay,splendid

andsuperiorstructureswereconstructedwithfreefacilitiessuchas

drainagesystems.

Dragonandphoenix,calledLongandFenginChineserespectively,are

totemsofChinesepeople.Theywereusedtorepresentemperorsand

theirconsortsandwerethemaindecorativepatternstobeseenon

variousimperialstructures.Palaces,columns,pathwaysandscreen

wallswereallinscribedorcarvedorpaintedwiththeirimages.

Unit2

PartA

Readthefollowingtextsandanswerthequestionswhichaccompany

thembychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET

1.

Text1

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,

whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,high

unemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhaveto

findwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestions

aboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentas

thenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-

respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhich

manyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?

Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandtheneighborhood,as

wellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhich

mostpeople*sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemay

nowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatterns

whichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadaunting

thought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfuture

forwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeant

economicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18th

centuriesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthem

oftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingfor

themselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustries

andremovedworkfrompeople，shomes.Later,astransportimproved,

firstbyrailandthenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancesto

theirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople，sworklost

allconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichthey

lived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantage.Inpre-industrial

times,menandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehousehold

andvillagecommunity.Nowitbecamecustomaryforthehusbandtogo

outtopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeand

familytohiswife.Taxandbenefitregularitiesstillassumethis

normtoday,andrestrictmoreflexiblesharingofworkrolesbetween

thesexes.

Itwasnotonlywomenwhoseworkstatussuffered.Asemployment

becamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewere

excluded一aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedat

schoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynothavetochange,thetimehascertainlycometo

switchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalof

creatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmany

peopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat_____.

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageof

thepopulation

B.newjobsshouldbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemployment

figures

C.availableemploymentmustbemorewidelydistributedamongthe

unemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

2.Theenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmeantthatpeople

were.

A.nolongerlegallyentitledtoownland

B.forcedtolookelsewhereformeansofsupportingthemselves

C.notadequatelycompensatedforthelossoftheirland

D.badlypaidfortheworktheymanagedtofind

3.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalempl