2023年考研考博-考博英語-電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析

2023年考研考博-考博英語-電子科技大學(xué)考試歷年真題摘選含答案解析第1卷一.綜合題(共15題)1.單選題Themachinemightworkifwe（）itverycarefully.問題1選項(xiàng)A.obtainB.operateC.opposeD.object2.單選題Thedevicecan（）differentmeasurementsbyelectronicsmeans.問題1選項(xiàng)A.imitateB.copyC.mockD.fake3.單選題It’shightimewe（）cuttingdowntherainforests.問題1選項(xiàng)A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop4.單選題Aftertheheavyrain,abuilderwascalledtorepairtheroof,whichwas（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.leakingB.tricklingC.prominentD.noticeable5.單選題Herinterestinredecoratingthebighousekepther（）forawholeweek.問題1選項(xiàng)A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied6.單選題Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.問題1選項(xiàng)A.provesB.isprovingC.areprovingD.prove7.單選題Thereasonthatthecityattractslotsofinhabitantsliesinthatit’sacityof（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.intensityB.diversityC.adversityD.necessity8.單選題Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（）.4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）問題1選項(xiàng)A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehandB.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminuteC.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeetD.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans問題2選項(xiàng)A.talkersB.the"speakeasy"C.the"spacemaker"D.texters問題3選項(xiàng)A.quiterevealingB.wellwrittenC.unacceptablebyothersD.shockingtoothers問題4選項(xiàng)A.TalkersB.The“speakeasy”C.The“spacemaker”D.Texters問題5選項(xiàng)A.TheSMSEffectB.CulturalImplicationofMobileUseC.ChangeintheUseoftheMobileD.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!9.單選題Thereareonlytenapplesleftinthebaskets,（）thespoiltones.問題1選項(xiàng)A.notcountingB.nottocountC.don'tcountD.havingnotcounted10.單選題Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner.Thosequalitiesmakeinteractioncomfortable,andyetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictableandthereforeinteresting.Initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle.Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions;itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopicandwouldhaveapersonalityofitsown.Friendshipsarenotmadeinaday,andthecomputerwouldbemoreacceptableasafriendifitimitatedthegradualchangesthatoccurwhenonepersonisgettingtoknowanother.Atanappropriatetimeitmightalsoexpressthekindofaffectionthatstimulatesattachmentandintimacy.Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation.Afterexperiencingawealthofpowerful,well-timedfriendshipindicators,theuserwouldbeverylikelytoacceptthecomputerasfarmorethanamachineandmightwellcometoregarditasafriend.Anartificialrelationshipofthistypewouldprovidemanyofthebenefitsthatcouldcontinuefrompreviousdiscussions.Itwouldhaveafamiliaritywiththeuser'slifeasrevealedinearliercontact,anditwouldbeunderstandingandgood-humored.Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive,anditwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner.1.Whichofthefollowingisnotafeatureoftheidealcompanionmachine?2.Thecomputerwoulddevelopfriendshipswithhumansina(an)（）way.3.Whichofthefollowingaspectsisnotmentionedwhenthepassagediscussesthebenefitsofartificialrelationships?4.Throughoutthepassage,theauthoris（）inhisattitudetowardthecomputer.5.Whichmightbethemostappropriatetitleofthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.ActiveincommunicationB.AttractiveinpersonalityC.EnjoyableinperfomianceD.unpredictableinbehavior問題2選項(xiàng)A.quickB.unpredictableC.productiveD.inconspicuous問題3選項(xiàng)A.Beingabletopickupaninterestingconversation.B.Beingsensitivetoearliercontact.C.Beingreadytolearnabouttheperson'slife.D.Havingapleasantandadaptablepersonality.問題4選項(xiàng)A.favorableB.criticalC.vagueD.hesitant問題5選項(xiàng)A.ArtificialRelationshipsB.HowtoFormIntimateRelationshipsC.TheAffectionateMachineD.HumansandComputers11.單選題Theremarkable（）oflifeontheGalapagosIslandsinspiredCharlesDarwintoestablishhistheoryofevolution.問題1選項(xiàng)A.classificationB.variationC.varietyD.modification12.單選題ThecompanyexpandeditsbusinessintoEurope,hopingto（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.boostB.encourageC.urgeD.accelerate13.單選題Anthropologyisthestudyofhumanbeingsascreaturesofsociety.Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition.Thedistinguishingmarkofanthropologyamongthesocialsciencesisthatitincludesforseriousstudyothersocietiesthanourown.Foritspurposesanysocialregulationofmatingandreproductionisassignificantasourown,thoughitmaybethatoftheSeaDyaks,andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization.Totheanthropologists,ourcustomsandthoseofNewGuineatribearetwopossiblesocialschemesfordealingwithcommonproblems,andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother.Heisinterestedinhumanbehavior,notasitisshapedbyonetradition,ourown,butasithasbeenshapedbyanytraditionwhatsoever.Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals.Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Theinnerworkingsofourownbrainswefeeltobeuniquelyworthyofinvestigation,butcustom,wehaveawayofthinking,isbehavioratitsmostcommonplace.Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround.Traditionalcustomisamassofdetailedbehaviormoreastonishingthanwhatanyonepersoncaneverevolveinindividualactions.Yetthatisarathertrivialaspectofthematter.Thefactoffirst-rateimportanceisthepredominantrolethatcustomplaysinexperienceandbelief,andtheverygreatvarietiesitmaymanifest.1.Accordingtothepassage,wecansaythatanthropology（）.2.Forseriousstudy,ananthropologist（）.3.Inthethirdparagraph,theauthoristrying（）.4.Whichofthefollowingdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith?5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.candealwithhumanbeingsasonegroupofthecreaturesinthelivingworldB.canrevealanenormousdiversityoftraditionsC.canprovideinsightsintotherelationshipbetweenhumanbeingsandnatureD.candistinguishthehumanracefromothercreatures問題2選項(xiàng)A.mustnotstudyhisowncultureB.isnotsupposedtohaveaprejudiceagainstanysocietyC.shouldfocusonthosesocietieswhicharehistoricallyrelatedtoeachotherD.isobligedtoworkonlyonthosesocietiesthathavenohistoricalrelationshiptoeachother問題3選項(xiàng)A.tobecriticalofcustomB.tosaythatanthropologyismoreimportantthanpsychologyC.tostrengthentherolecustomplaysinexperienceandbeliefD.todrawourintentiontotheimportanceofcustom問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thegoaloftheanthropologististounderstandthewayinwhichpeopleexpressthemselves.B.Theanthropologisttriestounderstandwhyculturesarecarriedonwithoutanychange.C.Theanthropologist'sprofessionalinterestisaswideasthevarietyofcustoms.D.Theanthropologististoexploresocialrelationsofdifferentpeople.問題5選項(xiàng)A.HumanBehavior.B.CreatureofSociety.C.TheScienceofCustom.D.TheFunctionsofCultures.14.單選題OneofthemostinfluentialliteraryfiguresofthetwentiethcenturywasAmericanauthorGertrudeStein.Herliterarystyleandvisionwasoftenaradicaldeparturefromtraditionalmethods,whichreliedonamorelinearplotline.Instead,Steinfocusedonlanguageitselfbyemployingmethodsofrepetitionandspontaneityinanattempttomirrorhumanconsciousness.But,Stein’sinfluencedidnotstopwithherwriting.AsanexpatriateinParis,shewasresponsibleforbringsomeofthegreatestmindsinaitandliteraturetogetheratherapartment,Salon27.TheSpanishpainterPabloPicassoandAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayweretwofrequentvisitors.Indeed,Steinwastheonewhocoinedthephrase“LostGeneration”todenoteup-and-comingAmericanwriterslivinginParisatthetimemainlyduetotheirdisillusionmentwithartasawholebackhome.WhileGertrudeSteinmaynotbethemostrecognizablefigureinliterature,herpersonalandliteraryinfluenceonartistswasinvaluable.SteinbeganlivinginParisin1903.Eventually,herflat.Salon27.becameacenterofintellectualexchangeforwritersandartists.Beforelong,shebecameanintegralpartoftheartisticandliterarysceneinthecityandbefriendednumerousimportantfigures,suchasPicassoandMatisse.Theywouldmeetthereweekly,wheretheycouldexpoundonnewtheoriesofart,philosophy,literature,politics,andsocialissuesinthestimulating,productiveenvironmentprovidedbyStein.WithoutStein’sSalon27,itisquitepossiblethatmanyoftheartistsandwritersofthedayneverwouldhavecrossedpaths,andtheindividualdisciplineswouldnothavebecomeasdiverseorfullydevelopedastheyeventuallydid.TheseinteractionsalsobecameamajorinlluenceonStein’sownliterarystyle.SteinbecameenamoredwithPicasso’scubiststyle,and,asaresult,manyofhisearliestworksadornedthewallsofherapartment.Buttheywerenotsimplydecorative.Cubismattemptstoreducethesubjectfromitsnaturalformintoanabstract,geometricalshapecapableofnumerousanglesofperception.Inasimilarfashion,Steinattemptedtointerpretcubismthroughliteratureandwriting.Likecubistpainters,Steinwroteinastylethattookintoconsiderationeverypossibleangleofhersubjectmatter.Shewantedtogivereaderstheopportunitytoviewherworkonmanydifferentlevels,notjustasingle,flatsurface.But,unlikethecubists'vhoreliedonformalstructuretosomedegree，Steintookitastepfurtherandplacedlessemphasisonformalwritingstructuressuchasgrammarandsyntaxandfocusedmoreonwhatshecalled“automatic”language,whichwasspontaneousandrepetitiveandreliedmoreonthespokenword.Inmanyways,Stein’swritingmirrorsthechaotic,detachedatmosphereofpost-WorldWarIParis,yetitalsomarksthemomentwhenliteraturebegantoleavethenineteenthcenturybehindinfavorofamoremoderniststyleofimaginationandinnovation.Itisalsoaclearprecursorofstreamofconsciousness,whichdominatedwritingstylesduringtherestofthetwentiethcenturyinAmerica.WhileSteinwasabletocapitalizeonartisticrenditionsoflifeandtranslatethemintoliterature,otherartistsbenefitedfromherwillingnesstorejecttheacceptedtraditionsandcreateherown.Forinstance,Hemingway’sstyleinmanyofhisearlynovelsisclearlyinfluencedbyStein.1.Theauthor’sdescriptionofGertrudeSteinmentionswhichofthefollowing?2.Theauthordiscusses“Salon27”inthesecondparagraphinorderto（）.3.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,Steinfollowedthecubiststylebecause（）.4.Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationintheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraph?5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Stein’sstyleisaproductoftheerabecause（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.ShewasoriginallyfromParisandlatermovedtotheU.S.B.Herwritingstylewascenteredonastructuredplotline.C.SheattemptedtofocusonthelinguisticsideofwritingD.Herworkwasquitecontroversialduetoitsextremenature問題2選項(xiàng)A.illustrateitsrelevanceasaplaceofartisticinteractionofthetimeB.noteitiswherethepaintersMatisseandPicassofirstmetoneanotherC.indicateitwasaninadequateplaceforsuchgreatmindstomingleD.showthatartistsofthedaylackedameetingplaceatwhichtogather問題3選項(xiàng)A.itfocusedonthegeometricformsinherentinmostsubjectmatterB.itgaveherawaytopresentherreaderwithvariousperspectivesC.itwasthesimplestformwithwhichtointerpretandunderstandherworkD.itshunnedthesecondarypartsinfavorofthemajorpartsofart問題4選項(xiàng)A.Thespontaneityofautomaticlanguage,ratherthanthegrammarandsyntaxstressedformalwritingstructures,wascentraltoStein’swork.B.ThestructureofStein’swork,intermsofitsemphasisonformalwritingstructuresandautomaticlanguage,followedthestructureofthecubiststosomedegree.C.TherepetitionofgrammarandsyntaxmadeStein’swritingmoreuniquethanthatofthecubists,whofocusedonautomaticlanguageintheirworks.D.TheformalityofStein,dueinparttoitsemphasisongrammarandsyntax,wasmuchgreaterthanthatofthecubistartists.問題5選項(xiàng)A.ittranslatesthesentimentofEuropeansduringatimeofreconstructingB.itismoreimaginativeandinnovativethananythingtheworldhadseenC.itcontinuestheformerstructuraltraditionspresentbeforeWorldWar1D.itrejectsthepastandisfashionedoutofthesentimentofpost-warEurope15.單選題Thejobofastudentaccommodationofficer（）agreatmanyvisitstolandladies.問題1選項(xiàng)A.concernsB.offersC.asksD.involves第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】句意:如果我們非常小心地操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器,那么它可能會(huì)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。obtain(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得,贏得,存在;operate運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn),工作,操作,控制,使運(yùn)行;oppose反對(duì),對(duì)抗;object反對(duì),拒絕?？崭裉巹?dòng)詞的賓語為it,即指代前面的machine(機(jī)器),因此B符合句意。2.【答案】A【解析】句意:這個(gè)設(shè)備能通過電子手段來模擬不同的尺寸。考查動(dòng)詞辨析。Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的講話、舉止);copy復(fù)制,抄襲;mock愚弄,嘲弄;fake捏造,假裝…的樣子。故A符合句意。3.【答案】A【解析】句意:是我們停止砍伐熱帶雨林的吋候了。語法題?？疾樘摂M語氣。it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.為固定句式,表示“是吋候某人該做某事了”,故排除C，D。B項(xiàng)為“必須,不得不”的過去式,而“it'shightime（that）sb.didsth.”潛在的含義有“必須”的意思,故排除。因此答案選A。4.【答案】A【解析】句意:大雨過后，叫來一位建筑工人修理在漏水的房頂。考查形容詞辨析。leaking滲漏的，泄漏的(leak的現(xiàn)在分詞)；tricklingtrickle(滴，細(xì)細(xì)地流，慢慢地移動(dòng))的現(xiàn)在分詞；prominent突出的，顯著的，杰出的，卓越的；noticeable顯而易見的，顯著的，值得注意的。因此A符合句意。5.【答案】D【解析】句意:她熱衷于重新裝飾這大房子，為此她整整忙活了一周?？疾樾稳菰~辨析。constrained限制的，制約的;dominate（動(dòng)詞）主宰，主導(dǎo)，keepsb.dominated表示使…居于領(lǐng)先地位;restricted局限的，限制的；occupied有人使用(或居住)，被占領(lǐng)的，被侵占的，keepsb.occupied表示使某人忙于做某事。因此D符合句意。6.【答案】D【解析】句意:這些統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明這個(gè)地方的生活標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在最近已經(jīng)徹底地改善。語法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。主語為statistics(數(shù)據(jù)(復(fù)數(shù))),句意為“數(shù)據(jù)表明”,因此此處應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選D。7.【答案】B【解析】句意:這個(gè)城市吸引很多居民的原因在于它是一個(gè)多元化的城市。考查名詞辨析。Intensity強(qiáng)度,強(qiáng)烈;diversity不同(點(diǎn)),多樣性,多樣化;adversity困境,逆境;necessity必然,必要,需要。因此B符合句意。8.【答案】第1題:B第2題:D第3題:A第4題:A第5題:B【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8"，but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare(不再是‘在8點(diǎn)在那里見你’，而是‘在8點(diǎn)左右給我發(fā)短信，然后再看我們都在哪里’),因此選B“推遲到最后一分鐘才確定（見面）地點(diǎn)”。2.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此D項(xiàng)“喜歡發(fā)短信的人”正確。3.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此選A“揭露隱情的”。4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:“Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(但是，喜歡在私底下講電話的人卻專注于自己本身且遠(yuǎn)離其它人),故選C“喜歡在私底下講電話的人”。5.主旨大意題。文章的中心話題是:移動(dòng)手機(jī)影響我們的文化和肢體語言。因此B項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)手機(jī)使用帶來的文化影響”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。9.【答案】A【解析】句意:不算上壞了的蘋果，這個(gè)籃子里只剩下10個(gè)蘋果了。語法題?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語。句子前半句已經(jīng)完整,所以后半句用了count的現(xiàn)在分詞形式做伴隨狀語。10.【答案】第1題:D第2題:D第3題:B第4題:A第5題:C【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:在交流上是生動(dòng)的,第一段指出:Themachinewouldnotbeapassiveparticipantbutwouldadditsownsuggestions,information,andopinions(這個(gè)機(jī)械將不是被動(dòng)的參與者，而將會(huì)增加自己的建議、信息和意見),由此可知A項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。B:在個(gè)性上有吸引力,由最后一段中“Thecomputer’sownpersonalitywouldbelivelyandimpressive...(這個(gè)電腦自己的個(gè)性將是充滿生氣且令人印象深刻……)可知B項(xiàng)屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。C:在表現(xiàn)上令人愉快,第一段指出:Theidealcompanionmachine—thecomputer—wouldnotonlylook,feel,andsoundfriendlybutwouldalsobeprogrammedtobehaveinapleasantmanner(想的伴侶機(jī)械（即電腦）將不僅僅在外表、感覺和聲音上是友好的，且還會(huì)被編程去以令人愉快的方式來表現(xiàn)),因此C屬于理想伴侶機(jī)械的特點(diǎn)。D:在行為上無法預(yù)測,由第一段中“yetthemachinewouldremainslightlyunpredictable(但是這個(gè)機(jī)械（即電腦）也仍然稍微有些不可預(yù)測)”可知D不符合原文所述。因此選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Thewholeprocesswouldbeaccomplishedinasubtlewaytoavoidgivinganimpressionofover-familiaritythatwouldbelikelytoproduceirritation(這整個(gè)過程（即人與電腦之間友誼形成的過程）將會(huì)以一種微妙的方式來實(shí)現(xiàn)，以便避免去給出一個(gè)將可能引起惱怒的過度親密的印象),因此D項(xiàng)“難以察覺的”正確。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:能發(fā)起一段有趣的對(duì)話,第一段指出:itwouldsometimestaketheinitiativeindevelopingorchangingthetopic(它有時(shí)會(huì)主動(dòng)提出或改變互動(dòng)的活題),因此A項(xiàng)符合原文所述。B:受先前的交流影響,文章并未提及。C:準(zhǔn)備去了解人的生活,由第一段中“initsfirstencounteritmightbesomewhathesitant,butasitcametoknowtheuseritwouldprogresstoamorerelaxedandintimatestyle(在電腦首次與人進(jìn)行互動(dòng)時(shí)，它可能有些遲疑，但隨著對(duì)使用者的了解，在互動(dòng)吋它會(huì)變得更放松且親密)”可知C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。D:有一個(gè)令人喜歡且能隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的個(gè)性,最后一段指出:itwoulddevelopinresponsetothatoftheuser.Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(它會(huì)相應(yīng)使川者的性格來形成固己的性格。帶著如這些樣的性格，這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)。因此D符合原文所述。因此本題選B。4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從末段中“Withfeaturessuchasthese,themachinemightindeedbecomeaveryattractivesocialpartner(因?yàn)檫@些特征,這個(gè)機(jī)械可能的確變成一個(gè)非常有吸引力的社會(huì)伙伴)”可以看出作者持贊成的態(tài)度。故選A。5.主旨大意題。作者在第一段提出“有感情的機(jī)械”這個(gè)話題及隨后段落“闡述有感情的機(jī)械與人在友誼形成方式及這種人造友誼帶來的好處,因此C項(xiàng)“有感情的機(jī)械”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。11.【答案】C【解析】句意:加拉帕戈斯群島的不同尋常的生物多樣性激發(fā)了達(dá)爾文創(chuàng)立進(jìn)化論的靈感?？疾槊~辨析。classification歸類，分級(jí)，類別；variation（數(shù)量，水平等）變化，變更，變奏；variety多樣性，種類；modification修改，改進(jìn)，改變。故選C。12.【答案】A【解析】句意:這家公司把它的業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到了歐洲,希望能夠增加市場份額?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。Boost使增長,使興旺,偷竊;encourage鼓勵(lì),激勵(lì);urge催促,驅(qū)策;accelerate加快,加速。空格的賓語為“itsmarketshare(市場份額)”,因此A符合句意。13.【答案】第1題:B第2題:B第3題:D第4題:C第5題:C【解析】1.判斷推理題。第一段指出:Itfastensitsattentionuponthosephysicalandindustrialtechniques,thoseconventionsandvalues,whichdistinguishonecommunityfromallothersthatbelongtodifferenttradition(它把注意力集中在那些自然特征和工業(yè)技術(shù)、傳統(tǒng)和價(jià)值觀上，它們使一個(gè)社區(qū)區(qū)別于從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的其他社會(huì)),即人類學(xué)能體現(xiàn)從屬于不同傳統(tǒng)的社會(huì)之間的不同,因此B項(xiàng)“揭示傳統(tǒng)的巨大多樣性”正確。2.判斷推理題。A項(xiàng)中“mustnot”和D項(xiàng)中“only”表述過于絕對(duì),故排除。B:不應(yīng)該對(duì)任何社會(huì)存在偏見,第二段指出:...andinsofarasheremainsananthropologistheisboundtoavoidanyweightingofoneinfavoroftheother(只要他還作為一位人類學(xué)家，他就一定會(huì)避免厚此薄彼，對(duì)任何文化存在偏見),因此B與原文所述相符。C:應(yīng)關(guān)注歷史上相互關(guān)聯(lián)的社會(huì),第二段指出:Foritspurposes,anysocialregulation...andhavenopossiblehistoricalrelationtothatofourcivilization(就其目的而言，任何社會(huì)規(guī)則……都與我們文化中的社會(huì)規(guī)則不可能有歷史聯(lián)系),因此C與原文不符。故選B。3.作者意圖題。題干為:在第三段,作者打算…?第三段開始指出:Nowcustomhasnotbeencommonlyregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment(當(dāng)前，習(xí)俗并沒有被看作是一門重要的學(xué)科),隨后強(qiáng)調(diào)了Asamatteroffact,itistheotherwayround(事實(shí)正好相反)。而后談及了習(xí)俗的作用和多樣性。因此作者第三段談及的是習(xí)俗的重要性和地位。故選D。4.判斷推理題。第二段指出:Heisinterestedinawiderangeofcustomthatisfoundinvariouscultures,andhisobjectiveistounderstandthewayinwhichthesecultureschangeanddifferentiate,thedifferentformsthroughwhichtheyexpressthemselvesandthemannerinwhichthecustomsofanypeoplesfunctioninthelivesoftheindividuals(他感興趣的是在各種文化中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的