lecure專業(yè)英語的寫作

科技英語論文寫作1）英語寫作一般知識簡介

2）寫作的基本理論和技巧

標(biāo)題（Title或Topic）作者的姓名（Author’sName）論文作者的工作單位（Institution）論文摘要（Abstract或Summary）論文的內(nèi)容目錄（Contents）論文內(nèi)容本身（Text）引言（Introduction）

正文結(jié)論或結(jié)束語（Conclusion(s)）及建議等

附錄（Appendix）致謝（Acknowledgement(s)）作者簡介（Biography）

科技英語論文的組成部分b.Somebody(1990)gaveatheoreticaloverviewof…,but…c.However,thesestudieswerelimitedto…近期進展情況分析：d.Themethodworkedwellat…e.Themodelsof…h(huán)asrecentlyreceivedconsiderableattention.f.Inthelastdecade,severalapproachesof…wereindependentlyproposed.g.Thestudyof…wasinvogueforseveralyearsuntil………對他人研究成果、觀點的評估：a.Bythelate1980’s,researchershasstartedscientificworkon…Whatarethechancesofanuclearwarinthenearfuture?HowmanyAmericanswouldsurviveanuclearattack?Wouldsuchanattackmakelivingconditionsimpossibleforthesurvivors?Theseandsimilarquestionsarebeingaskedbycitizensgroupsthroughoutthiscountryastheydebatetheissueofarmscontrolandnucleardisarmament.

Thesetwonewwindmilldesignswill,ofcourse,haveanevenmoreimportantimpactontheenergyindustryinthefuture.Althoughthesetwodesignsmayneverbeusedonalargescale,theirimpactmaybefeltthroughinfluencingthedesignofevenmoreefficientmodelsintheyearsahead.

Gratefulacknowledgementismadeto…Aspecialgratitudeisexpressedto…Thanksmustbegivento…FundingforthisworkwasprovidedbytheMinistryofEnergyandResources.TheworkwassupportedbyNationalScienceFoundationofChina…

I’dliketoacknowledge…ComputerImitationSystemfor…InvestigationoftheFeasibilitiesof…PrimaryStudyon…MathematicalModelof…StudyonTorsionalVibrationAnalysisofICECrankshaft.DevelopmentofAutomobileElectronicsandDomesticApplication.

ASimulationOptimizationMethodforAutomotiveCoolingSystemMicroprocessorsinTransport

CurrentStatusandDevelopingTrendsof…使用名詞短語或非限定動詞短語作為論文的標(biāo)題摘要的特點：

篇幅短小語言精煉用詞規(guī)范概括完整內(nèi)容具體獨立成文

文摘包括：研究目的、研究對象、研究方法、研究結(jié)果、所得結(jié)論、結(jié)論的使用范圍等。

Thispaperpresents/discusses/studies/dealswith/investigates

Thispaperpresentsananalysisofprinciplesofmagneticrefrigerationwithapplicationtoairconditioning.Acomparisonwithconventionalevaporation-condensationgascycledeviceispresented.Conclusionsconcerningtheapplicabilityofmagneticrefrigerationtoairconditioningaremade.Thesmartandlight,numericaldesigningandmachining,automationinperformancetestetc.representsthedevelopmentorientationforautomobilestarters.Inthispaper,principleisintroducedforthestarterwithgearspeedreducerwhichleadsthemajorityinstarterproductsnowadays.Thestateoftheartinresearchanddevelopmentforautomobilestartersbycomputer-aidedengineeringtechnologyisoverviewed.Newresearchtopicsarebroughtforthatlastfromourenterprisesrealities.英文摘要的寫作

1）英文摘要的種類與特點

隨同論文一起在學(xué)術(shù)刊物上發(fā)表的摘要；學(xué)術(shù)會議論文摘要；

學(xué)位論文摘要；

脫離原文而獨立發(fā)表的摘要。

Title

Author(s),addressObjectives,purpose,hypotheses..............................................………………Methods,materials,procedures.................................................……………..Results,data,observations,discussion...........................................…Conclusions..........................................................................2）英文摘要的組成部分a.Thispaperisperformedtostudythefree-vibrationcharacteristicsofengine

crankshaft.

b.Mostalternativefuelsforinternalcombustionengineshavelowcetanenumbers.(2)方法(methodsandmaterials)Twodigitalstraingaugepressuretransducersmeasuredthevaporpressureoftheupstreamanddownstreamofthetesttube.Thisexperimentwasperformedbytestingthevibrationofautomobilebody/suspension

(1)目的(objectives，purposes)Theseresultsappeartorefutetheoriginalassumptions.(4)結(jié)論(conclusions)

Itwasconcludedthat/Itcanbeconcludedthat/ItisdeterminedthatItcanbeconcludedthatthenewdiagnosismethodisfeasiblethroughtheoryanalysisandexperimentson12V180typedieselengine.(3)結(jié)果與簡短討論(resultsanddiscussions)

TitleAuthor(s),addressBackground,problemsthatneedtobesolved,rationaleforthepresentstudy.....................................................Objectivesandscopeofthisstudy.........................................................................................................................Outlineofthemaincontentsandresults...............................................................................................................Conclusions:.........................................................................（1）采用成正規(guī)排的英掌語和歇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如的術(shù)湊語；（2）謂圓語動聯(lián)詞很丘簡單如而句屋子的貨其余折成分勵卻十費分復(fù)環(huán)雜；（3）大童量使弱用be和ha祥ve的變晝化形氧式做樣謂語囑動詞賓；（4）使習(xí)用不道提及淋人的考陳述沉句。（5）描勞述自家己的歲工作院時態(tài)卸用過住去時予或完搏成時泳，但還陳述腐理論現(xiàn)或事饞實要撲用現(xiàn)侄在時散。3）英捎文摘縣要的油寫作梁特點4）撰酒寫摘添要的祥要點（1）英著文文念摘題勸目（Ti叮tl鑄e）的喜第一炮個單芹詞不嬸得用Th愧e、An或A，摘詠要的斑第一蛾句不嗓可與隊題目朱重復(fù)??；熟（2）取努消或甩減少訪背景農(nóng)信息;（3）盡銹量簡縮慧化措抬辭;（4）可蘋用動抓詞的蕩場合我，盡說量避藥免使超用動腎詞的遠名詞峰形式肉；厚（5）注特意冠胳詞用葵法;（6）避州免使垃用長嫁系列帝形容糖詞或糕名詞堡來修呈飾名黨詞;（7）用辨重要炎的事里實開拴頭，書盡量植避免省用輔模助從錄句開蓄頭。Po疲we浪r代co共ns煎um株pt押io民n匠of說t撈el疊ep久ho票ne諷s牙wi鞭tc央hi鋒ng稍s盡ys康te木m險wa炸s汽de扛te趴rm枯in溫ed需f泥ro紋m密da葵ta紀(jì)o璃bt獎ai虹ne襖d妨ex貨pe換ri區(qū)me淺nt俯al株ly伙.concernstestsinvestigatesreportsdiscussesdescribesexplainsanalyzesdeterminesdemonstrateconsidersThispaperThisstudyThisprojectThisresearchOurprojectThissurvey5）摘淹要中漿的常周用句掘型（1）描翼述目允的b.Th昏is勤p形ap杯er腿r檔es患ea幼rc噴he勻d蓄on仁t鋼he喘m洲or遇e奶in意je土ct轉(zhuǎn)io超n’獅s曾ef謹(jǐn)fe趴ct隱o披n椒en秤gi掀ne杯p控er題fo糊rm貸an彎ce律a漲nd合e竿mi匙ss姑io披n根ex刪pe煌ri侮me始nt詳al摟ly串a(chǎn)碎nd那t良he似or蛾et不ic張al勤ly頁.c.賴Th肅is潮p僑ap染er續(xù)s棄tu期di膛ed固t部he抬a鎖pp門li糕ca裳ti啄on洽o哀f華wa置ve折le我t恢tr健an視sf京or近m貫in概s脅ig列na墊l襯de椅no單is彩e.a.歷Th夸is豆p社ap海er子d年is撿cu步ss竿es臥t類he毛b咬as交ic喬i趕de姜nt乒if嚇ic躺at儀io友n志te鍬ch勾ni捉qu采es鐘o陷f勸dy劃na獄mi薪c羅sy甩st奮em濾s.Th神e面ob寬je藝ct孟iv辮e范of洪t從hi慢s軋pa塞pe科r菌is爐t德o桌an寨al得yz耗e艱th癥epe墾rf吊or嫁ma驕nc永e公of跡a棚ct旗iv必e糞an千d置pa僚ss律iv帽e袍su犧sp嬌en噸si愛on叼s.Th鐘e椒go灰al嶼of賞th謊is扇s瀉tu旁dy惱i俘s害t臘o矩d圖is驕cu扔ssTh鏈e脊ai側(cè)m桐o引f小t難hi每s障pa裳pe頓r層is麗to賭ev岸al稀ua壇teTh仍e變pu壺rp藥os浸e侮of搶th妨is襪p揭ro乖je挽ct念i蘭s虛t高o體e蘭xa鏡mi抗neTh圖e押ob箭je洞ct艷iv匯e鄙o萄f牲t宏hi支s系re垂se句ar考ch旱is消to敢te傘stth券is毅s鋸ur論ve率y倡i妹nv滑es饑ti沾ga訊te隨/血me竿as輝ur矛e/de謊mo渠ns懲tr欄at孟e仔/筍an猾al省yz腦e駛/氣de愧te預(yù)rm回in滅ea.Th響is苗s萌tu宵dy攔a彈im屯s角to懶d餃is盟cu苦ss同t分he春i鹿nf業(yè)lu蝕en漲ce競o工f耀th娛e然pa動ra卵me胸te鎮(zhèn)rs圾o鑼f溪su撕sp勞en資si寨on酬s與ys改te虧m伴on胃t遺he村s澆mo洋ot邊hn飛es拆s拐an勒d跡op復(fù)er秩at宗in手g貼st浪ab榆il突it勾y機of左t回he市w秤ho魄le主c敘ar它.Th彩is乘r盞es狗ea乖rc悉h話i靠s鋼de沙si失gn快ed躲to神de方te脫rm宮in呆e發(fā)…Th娘is主s樣tu駐dy黃is棄d辣es叛ig丈ne蟻d涉t脫o奮m膜ea千su已re爽…Th浩is鑒p揭ro緒je摩ct露i列s往de等si跌gn航ed厚to店ev次al受ua魚te險…Ou背r臟pr鍵oj欲ec厭t贈a膝im憑s解to泳ca踏lc濾ul猴at鈔e靈…Mu排lt彼ip刮le嚼f喊au訊lt寺s擋of謠i嘴nj秧ec乎to覽r敏we杏re替s結(jié)im找ul鈔at虜ed坑o蠅n隔th防e申ex女pe黎ri鎖me滑nt栽al相t煩ab滅le鹿,最an流d堂ac碧ou候st憂ic禿s覽ig弄na當(dāng)ls絕t您ha嗽t庫se蒙nt劫o忠ut胳b翁y館wo妻r(nóng)k蛋in洪g創(chuàng)di榴es落el因w驢er賄e畝co跡ll德ec叉te毫d裳ov恐er幻玉t煩he破c收yl匆in惕de做r瞇he席ad呼.甩Us排in縮慧g造wa壇ve然le井t賣an兔d牛ne場ur洗al翻n愧et尖wo譜rk禁t魄ec般hn監(jiān)ol輔og安y,暢t弟hi伙s累pa氣pe駛r高an轎al仆yz猾ed派t壘he培a耍co知us瓣ti功c蘿si翠gn預(yù)al奔s愁in蕩d炮et潤ai慣l計an丟d催di確ag葉no升se悟d譽th披e宵di某ff信er廈en翅t(yī)野fa暑ul耀ts即s霸uc幫ce先ss桑fu恐ll碎y.Th掠e吼ex岔pe絞ri調(diào)me勿nt求al跨s棵ys梨te姐m墊wa貓s路co恥mp適os碰ed否o小f冬fo怖ur化p爺ar浩ts忽,化i.報e.碗i青nd皺ir顫ec池tl役y渣el醬ec蘋tr赴ic險al惑h駝ea菠te廢d死fu擴rn拳ac宇e,廊p嘩yr思o(jì)l徒y(tǒng)s娃is牲r柱ea腸ct肌or閱,o號nl筆in旬e頌sa脾mp圖le絕c網(wǎng)ol償le盯ct衣ed數(shù)a避na吵ly烏ze表r,帶a捆nd沫g弓as譽c兇on千de買ns努er清&兔c勒ol申le律ct脫or顫.（2）描避述方黃法Re筐su漫lt詞s淺in燥di具ca微te霜dWe壁f蜜ou螞nd參t嬸ha話tTh掘e口re哈su扁lt騰s魯sh減ow錘ed悼t秒ha裳tDa俱ta下s退ug初ge旗st耀ed矮t碎ha套tIt請i否s軟sh拆ow歐n僵th會atIt適c貼an張b執(zhí)e但co富nc猴lu漫de木d根th曬atTh猶e矮ex夕am搞in灣at反io富n/嫌in研ve避st現(xiàn)ig據(jù)at鼠io答ns蕩p織ro椅ve巡壽s久th杯atTh損is熟p爬ap襖er宣t木he蛛n劑co靠nc疾lu喝de艷s嶄th浴atFr愧om鈴t炭he迷t漫ab悄le梁i慚t玻ca盆n潤be釋s蠶ee貌n/兇co米nc庭lu弦de緒d載th盒at濟…Fr嬌om劃t阻he米f買ig虧ur銜es躲i淋t該ma歐y肢be堵e壺st掘im溉at臺ed沉/c賀al郵cu鉆la愿te懲d/稼in答fe尋rr石ed恩t勝ha襯t…It撤f勻ol和lo頓ws頓f悲ro奔m子wh槍at麻h原as棚b階ee繡n兄sa凳id反t竟ha日t漁…（3）描咸述結(jié)遲果Th適e堅me諒as逃ur產(chǎn)in慣g痰in贊st坊ru差me著nt哥s宣we菜re恢d選ef包ec狐ti嘆ve趨;周ac荒co皂rd班in跪gl助y/榮he會nc沫e/犯co欠ns帳eq蜜ue猜nt嶼ly菠t醫(yī)he刪e伸xp掘er察im般en步t聯(lián)wa先s壤a浮fa央il勺ur灘e.Th稻e裝re矩su菌lt淡s肯sh貌ow鹽t厲ha港t那th曉e雀er鑄ro幫r芝of掃e羊st智im川at乘ed唱v冊al關(guān)ue婆o剃f添bo善th鞭t魂hr紙ot部tl裳e超po從si辛ti蒼on撓s數(shù)en薯so樹r旅an燃d間ma永ni巧fo煩ld升p寧re升ss叛ur喇e饞se蹤蝶ns絞or吧a猛re忍l翠es搶s錢th饑an蓮1墳0%聞,費an絹d遮th嬸e遷st漠ra掉te沙gy慌p退ut毅f脫or等wa軋rd排i罩n瞇th悉is飄p撥ap蝕er筋i躺s弄va晴li屋d.Ex匆er玩ci杯se遭s1.旁Re律ad也a蒼nd欄a絕na支ly奮ze燥t岸he全f優(yōu)ol恐lo碧wi顧ng脾a陰bs贈tr馳ac坦t捷an仗d元po筋in慌t餓ou勇t裁th讓e綱ob秋je允ct椒iv芝e,榮m鋒et揀ho菜ds體,巡壽re趣su賺lt并s爹an抖d背di籌sc濕us抱si黃on屑.A悶Hy喂br循id從I叉nt批er貞na歐l絨Co柱mb忽us歡ti弟on跌E能ng可in炎e/衰Ba咽tt畝er紐奉yEl繭ec芒tr粘ic琴P歉as愈se配ng撿er處C賤ar丘f很or縱P扮et置ro蔑le貌um鑼D森is巡壽pl趣ac痰em挨en垃tI.房誠F穿or瀉st辦er帆a可nd焦J共.恨R.攤B努um姑byTh譜is朽p剩ap禽er究e幸xa臉mi觀ne毒s襯th能e憑po檔te滴nt隊ia楊l附of股t踩he福h周yb他ri俯d積el釘ec吼tr嶄ic婦v晃eh設(shè)ic悟le里i宏n苗su憤bs喘ti我tu姓ti碌ng而p嫁et堡ro灑le遼um辜f諷ue究l鼠by眠b眨ro貌ad巷-b朵as劣ed闖e騙le盆ct奸ri鹽ca化l稱en炸er暈gy園.隆In紹p只ar帳ti蘭cu私la磨r跳a瘡hy臘br嚷id起c繪ar狹i尊s雙co囑ns釋id鴨er過ed身.運Th右e帆wa帆y瞧in識w戶hi搞ch裝t疫he所p扮ow溝er腎-t軟ra記in仁c棕an廁b種e方co鮮nt轟ro嚇ll敵ed宏a嚼nd垂t狹he由e裂ff鼻ec顯t糕co晝mp岸on腐en頭t圣ra靠ti嗽ng鄉(xiāng)豐s萌ha妖ve傾o具n卵ac伍hi咳ev橡in酷g牛th兵e高pe壇tr床ol悉eu丈m濃su檢bs即ti職tu斬ti混on象o繭bj淹ec努ti喂ve蹈a爭re端d展es乳cr載ib止ed旱.仇It迷i何s女sh慨ow鋸n勇th伙at寄a劇h滋yb喜ri刪d衰ve膜hi蠶cl詢e賓ca束n屑be騾d挽es殺ig缺ne顏d昆th倆at葬c壁an釣a鄙ch撲ie慶ve手a掀p蟻et應(yīng)ro驗le柿um黑s雄ub檔st默it董ut辟io濟n剃of腎b圍et委we針en售2析0呢an初d殘70呼p煩er勻ce賤nt肥o葛f衣th服e喊eq插ui殊va豆le橫nt茫i沒nt粘er纖na艱l錯co羅mb晃us服ti虛on終e腔ng吐in活e秧ve召hi朱cl獵e.箏I剪n投ad動di胳ti頌on醒,衫it么w炎il速l糕be達c寨ap初ab券le紫o史f貿(mào)en跡te群ri雖ng