2023年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-南開大學考試歷年高頻考點真題薈萃帶答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Thesesmallcompaniesnowhavetheirown（）identity.問題1選項A.discreetB.discreteC.separatedD.isolated2.單選題Itooksomeoneelse’sbook（）mistake.問題1選項A.inB.forC.withD.by3.單選題Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmsfinally（）.問題1選項A.dispersedB.deterioratedC.dissipatedD.drained4.單選題Completesilenceisfoundonlyinlaboratoriescalledanechoicrooms.Thewallsandceilings,madeofblocksofspecialsound-suckingmaterials,aremorethanthreefeetthick,whilefloorcoveringsaresix-footlayersoffeathersorcottonwool.Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off,yetscientistsgetusedtothisandstayinthesesilentroomsforhoursatatime,usingmicrophonesandelectronicequipmenttotestthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.Architectshaveusedscientificdiscoveriestosolvenoiseprobleminanumberofways.Wallsarehollowed(havingemptyspaceinside)andthenfilledwithsound-suckingmaterialssimilartocottonwool.Extra-thickcarpetscoverthefloors,andthickwoolencurtainscoverthewindows.Airconditioningandheatingchannelsaremadelessnoisybysound-suckingmaterials．Unfortunately,thesetechniquesandothersoftenworktoowellinsomebuildings.Noise-proofroomsbecomealmostanechoicandpeoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound．Onewayofhandlingthisproblemistousewhattheycall“soundperfume”—artificial(similarlyproduced,madebyman)noiseispipedtoroomsthroughsmallloudspeakers.1.Scientistsuseanechoicroomfor（）.2.Thewriterimpliesthat（）.3.Peoplesufferinanechoicroomsprobablybecause（）.4.Thearticlesuggeststhat（）.問題1選項A.measuringnoiselevelsofsteelworksB.measuringblocksoffeathersC.testingsound-absorbingmaterialsD.testingelectronicequipment問題2選項A.untrainedpeoplecannotstaylonginanechoicroomsB.performingexperimentsinanechoicroomscanbeafrighteningexperienceC.architectsmakepracticaluseoftheinformationgatheredbyscientistsD.scientistsdonotcarefornoiseproblem問題3選項A.theyareallowedtomoveandspeakB.theyareusedlohearingnoisearoundthemC.thegreaterairpressurehurtstheirearsD.alloftheabove問題4選項A.loudspeakersareasimportantassound-proofingmaterialsB.anechoicroomswillbeincludedinallnewbuildingsC.scientificdevicesaresometimestoosuccessfulD.alloftheabove5.單選題Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.問題1選項A.decomposedB.denouncedC.detachedD.deduced6.單選題Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.問題1選項A.caseB.accordanceC.placeD.charge7.單選題Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.問題1選項A.accidentsB.incidentsC.eventsD.happenings8.單選題Henrylookedverymuch（）whenhewascaughtcheatinginthebiologyexam.問題1選項A.discouragedB.embarrassedC.disappointedD.bewildered9.單選題Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.問題1選項A.rareB.temporaryC.prevalentD.segmental10.單選題IrecentlyconductedasurveytoseewhatpeoplethoughtandknewaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.IdidthisbybringingupthesubjectofMLKDayincasualconversationswithpeopleandgaugingtheirreaction.(Thesamplingwas23friends,colleagues,andstrangers;10Black,9White,3Hispanic,1Asian;4werebetweentheages42-35and19were34-20.)AllknewKingasthefamousblackcivilrightsleaderwhowaskilled,butfewknewmuchmore.Themajorityofpeopleunder30—regardlessofrace—knewlittlemore,infact.HowisitthatJill(black,27,collegeeducated)didnotknowthatMLKwasaNobelPeacePrizerecipient?OrthatTim(white,31,collegeeducated)wascluelessaboutKing’snonviolentapproachtocivilrightsactivism?Darlene(black,23)thoughtsheshouldhavethedayofftosleepin.ShehadnoideatheMLKdayisreallyaboutdoingsomethingtoinspireothers.Whatisthepointofhavingadaytomarkthemanifwedonotunderstandthesignificanceofhislife?HowisitthatnotonlyoneofthegreatestAmericans,butoneofthemostinfluentialhumansinthehistoryofourplanetisnotbetterknowninthiscountry?HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasmorethanjustaninspirationalblackleader.Hisdesireandabilitytoriseabovehisownfailingsandthoseoffellowhumansupliftedusall—boththosewhowerelivingatthetimeandthosewhohavecomeafter.Evenifwedonotknowit,ourworldisabetterplacebecauseofhislight.Dr.King’slifewasextinguishedmorethan30yearsago,butnothislight.Itisstillhereforeachofustocarry,andtoilluminateevenbrighterwithourownuniquecreativityandcontributions.MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasbornonJanuary15,1929inAtlanta,Georgia.AftergraduatingfromMorehouseCollegeandbecomingaminister,hemadehiswaytoMontgomery,Alabamain1954.Thiswasanimportantdecisionforitwasinthesamecitythat,onDecember1ofthefollowingyear,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.KingwaselectedpresidentoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationandledaboycottofMontgomerybusesthroughout1956,whichbroughthimnationalrecognition.King’slegacyofnon-violentactivismwasinfluencedbytheteachingsofJesusandGandhi.KingreinforcedandexpandedhisBiblicalconvictionsduringavisittoIndiain1959,wherehestudiedGandhi’smethodsofnon-violentprotestsduringtheearly1960’s.Agiftedorator,KingignitedtheworldandagenerationinthecauseforAmericancivilrightswithhis“IHaveaDream”speechonAug281963toacrowdof250000inWashington,D.C.“Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeproteststodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce”...“Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal.”...“Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,‘Freeatlast!Freeatlast!ThankGodAlmighty,wearefreeatlast!’”Dr.KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeandwasnamedTimemagazine’s“PersonoftheYear”in1964.InhisNobelPrizeacceptancespeech,hesaid,“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime:theneedformantoovercomeoppressionandviolencewithoutresortingtooppressionandviolence.Manmustevolveforallhumanconflictsamethodwhichrejectsrevenge,aggressionandretaliation.Thefoundationofsuchamethodislove.”Kingwasoneofthemostextraordinaryhumanstoevergraceourplanet.Hewasamanwhomethateandhopelesswithloveandinspiration.Heusednon-violencetopointouttheobscenityofviolence.MartinLutherKingwasgunneddownattheLorraineMotelinMemphisonApril4,1968.Somecallitirony.Ichoosetothinkofitashisfinallessontous.1.ThePurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto（）.2.“HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.”(Para.4)canbebestinterpretedas“（）”.3.AccordingtoDr.King,whatisthesolutiontomajorpoliticalandmoralproblems?4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.istrue?5.Theoveralltoneofthearticlecanbebestsummarizedas（）.問題1選項A.condemntheterroristactionofMartinLutherKing,Jr.'sassassinationB.honorMartinLutherKing,Jr.sinceMLKDayisdrawingnearC.criticizethepresentgenerationsfortheirignoranceofDr.KingD.highlightthesignificanceofthebeliefsandspiritofDr.King問題2選項A.KingisnotrememberedbythepresentgenerationasafootballplayeroramusicianB.ThepresentgenerationisignorantofKingwhogavehislifeforthepeoplesoftheworldC.IfKinghadturnedtomusicorsportshewouldhavebeenmoresuccessfulD.ItismeaninglesstohaveadaytomarkKingsinceheisnotfamousenough問題3選項A.Non-violence.B.Armedstruggle.C.Violentactivism.D.BelievinginGod.問題4選項A.HisNobelPrizeacceptancespeechwasthefamous“IHaveaDream”speech.B.Hewasthefirstonewhoadoptedanon-violentapproachinpoliticalstruggle.C.HehadafirmbeliefinGod,whichhelpedtoformhisnon-violentactivism.D.Hewasnamed“PersonoftheYear”becauseofhis“IHaveaDream”speech.問題5選項A.emotionalB.furiousC.indifferentD.matter-of-fact11.單選題Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.問題1選項A.healB.improveC.cureD..treat12.單選題Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.問題1選項A.assureB.informC.availD.notify13.寫作題Nowadays,advertisementscanbefoundeverywhereinabigcitysuchasShanghai.Theyshoutatusfromthetelevisionscreenandradioloudspeakers,wavetousfromeverypageofthenewspaper,signaltousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandflashmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthefloodofadvertisingmakeanycontributiontooursociety?ForthispartyouaretowriteacompositiononthetopicIfThereWereNoAdvertisements.Youshouldillustrateyourviewpointsonadvertisementinnolessthan200words.14.單選題I'dliketotakethisopportunityto（）myheart-feltgratitudetothehost.問題1選項A.increaseB.prolongC.intensifyD.express15.單選題Anexperimentcanbe（）bypoorplanning.問題1選項A.distributedB.qualifiedC.spoiledD.disclosed16.單選題Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.問題1選項A.cancelB.eliminateC.delayD.prolong17.單選題Ithinkyoucantakea(n)（）languagecoursetoimproveyourEnglish.問題1選項A.middleB.intermediateC.mediumD.average18.單選題Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbemotivatedtoworkhard,withtheresultthatincomesfromtaxationmightactually（）.問題1選項A.shrinkB.delayC.disperseD.sink19.單選題Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.問題1選項A.minimizationB.restrictionC.descentD.decline20.單選題TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.問題1選項A.remedyB.reproachC.reviveD.revenge21.單選題Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood,（）theircleanness,toughness,andlowcost.問題1選項A.inadditiontoB.byvirtueofC.asopposedtoD.forthesakeof22.單選題Thesenatoragreesthathissupportoftheactionwould（）hischancesforreelection.問題1選項A.obscureB.mystifyC.jeopardizeD.distinguish23.單選題Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.問題1選項A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan24.寫作題Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordswiththetitle:MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries.DoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.25.單選題Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry—from82to110millionbetween1973and1985—thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinnon-blue-collarjobs.Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceinmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarming—atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitive—oreventoremain“developed.”Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreisthattheUnitedStalesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.Wherewespokeofmechanizationafewdecadesago,wenowspeakof“robotization”or“automation”.Thisisactuallymoreachangeinterminologythanachangeinreality.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman—hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorcarbysome80percentintwoorthreeyears—farmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleterobotization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganewsharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（）.2.Americanpoliticiansandlaborlenderstendtodislike（）.3.Accordingtotheauthor,inthecoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（）.4.Thispassagemayhavebeenexcerptedfrom（）.問題1選項A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotizedB.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustriesC.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagementD.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry問題2選項A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomyB.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforceC.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproductionD.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities問題3選項A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforceB.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetitionC.acceleratemotor-canmanufacturinginHenryFord'sstyleD.solvetheproblemofunemployment問題4選項A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestmentB.anarticleonautomationC.amotor-carmagazineD.anarticleonglobaleconomy第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】B【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。discreet“謹慎的,小心的”;discrete“離散的;獨立的”;separated“分開的;分居的”;isolated“孤立的;單獨的”。句意:這些小公司現(xiàn)在都有了它們自己獨立的身份。選項B更符合句意。

2.【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。bymistake為固定短語,意為“錯誤地,由于差錯”。句意:由于差錯,我拿了別人的書。所以選項D正確。

3.【答案】D【解析】動詞詞義辨析。句意：干了四年同樣的工作后,他的熱情終于消耗殆盡了。dispersed分散的；deteriorated惡化,變質(zhì)；dissipated消散,浪費；drained流干,耗盡。dissipate相當于waste，drain相當于usetoomuch，所以選項D更恰當。

4.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:B第4題:A【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“...scientistsgetusedto...testthevariousmaterialsbeingdevelopedtomaketheworldalessnoisyplace.”科學家習慣待在這些安靜的房間里數(shù)小時，使用麥克風和電子設(shè)備來測試各種減少噪音的材料。選項C符合原文。2.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Silenceherecanbeaspainfultotheearsasthedin(continuousloudnoise)ofasteelworksorarocketblast-off...”這里的安靜對于耳朵來說是痛苦的，就好像鋼鐵廠里或者火箭發(fā)射時所產(chǎn)生的連續(xù)不斷的噪音。由此可推斷，在這種環(huán)境下做實驗是非?？膳碌慕?jīng)歷。所以選項B正確。3.細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第二一句“peoplelivinginthemaredisturbedbythelackofsound.”住在里面的人因為沒有聲音而感到不安。人們在消音室里覺得很痛苦是因為人們不習慣周圍一點兒噪音都沒有，所以選項B符合原文。4.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，住在完全消音的房間里，人們往往會因為沒有聲音而感到不安，這時候就可以使用人造噪音通過小喇叭傳到房間里。也就是說揚聲器和隔音材料同樣重要。選項A正確。選項C是事實，不是文章給出的建議，所以不選。5.【答案】A【解析】動詞詞義辨析。decompose“分解,腐爛”;denounce“譴責,告發(fā)”;detach“分離,派遣”;deduce“推斷,演繹出”。句意:炎熱地區(qū)的惡劣潮濕天氣會使植物迅速分解腐爛。選項A符合句意。

6.【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith為固定搭配，表示“依照，與...一致”。

7.【答案】B【解析】名詞詞義辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事變”；events“大事件，項目”；happenings“意外發(fā)生的事”。句意：最近，報紙報道了幾起發(fā)生在以色列和約旦邊境上的事件。首先可排除選項A和D；選項B含有“事變”的意思，更符合語境，所以正確。

8.【答案】B【解析】詞義辨析。discouraged“氣餒的”;embarrassed“尷尬的”;disappointed“失望的,沮喪的”,bewildered“困惑的”。句意:當Henry在生物考試中因為作弊被抓時,他顯得非常尷尬。選項B符合句意。

9.【答案】C【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：盡管貧困在大多數(shù)城市并不普遍，或許是由于某些地區(qū)很擁擠，貧困才更為明顯。選項C符合句意。

10.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:A第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.主旨大意題。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知,本文提到馬丁?路德?金不僅僅是一位偉大的黑人領(lǐng)袖,更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞著人們。作者寫這篇文章的目的不是為了譴責刺殺馬丁?路德?金的恐怖主義和人們對他的無知，也不僅僅只是為了紀念他，最主要的還是強調(diào)其信念和精神的重要性，所以選項D正確。2.推理判斷題。這句話的意思是說“如果馬丁?路德?金是一位足球員或者音樂家,他可能會被現(xiàn)在的人所記住。”潛在的意思就是說,馬丁?路德?金沒有被當代人所記住,由第三段也可以看出，所以選項B正確。3.事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的第二句“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime...”非暴力是我們這個時代解決政治和道德問題的關(guān)鍵。選項A符合原文。4.細節(jié)判斷題。本題可采用排除法。“我有一個夢想”不是馬丁?路德?金獲得諾貝爾獎發(fā)表的演講，而是在引導(dǎo)美國民權(quán)運動時發(fā)表的，所以選項A錯誤；馬丁?路德?金的非暴力行動主義是受耶穌和甘地教義的影響,由此可知他不是第一人,所以選項B錯誤,選項C表述正確;馬丁?路德?金被評為“年度人物”不是由于他的演講，而是因為他為人類的和平和發(fā)展做出的杰出貢獻,所以選項D也不正確。只有選項C正確。5.態(tài)度判斷題。結(jié)合全文可知，作者只是客觀的陳述事實，沒有摻雜個人情感色彩。所以選項D正確。11.【答案】C【解析】名詞詞義辨析。句意：醫(yī)生告訴我這種藥可以治愈我的頭痛而不傷害我。選項A，C，D均表示治療。heal多指創(chuàng)傷，外傷愈合；cure多指