2023年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語-福建師范大學(xué)考試歷年高頻考點真題答案第1卷一.綜合題(共25題)1.單選題Difficultmarketconditionswere（

）whenKoreantannersenteredtheUKandNewZealandrawmaterialmarkets,drivingupprices.問題1選項A.relievedB.changedC.deterioratedD.solved2.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChineseIntheevening,afterthebanquets,theconcertsandtabletennis,hewouldworkonthedraftingofthefinalcommunique.Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.Noontimecameandwent;Nixon,whorarelyhadlunch,andKissinger,whorarelymissedit,skippedthemealandwentrightontalkingforalmostfourhours.See-sawingbetweenpartlygoodandfaintlyominous,thenewsforthenextfourweekswasneverdistinct.Mathematicianswhohavetriedtousecomputerstocopythewaythebrainworkshavefoundthatusingeventhelatestelectronicequipmenttheywouldhavetobuildacomputerwhichweighedover10,000kilos.Wemaintainthatnopeacesituationispermanentwhichdoesnottakeintoaccountthelegitimatewishesofthemajorityofthepeopleofanycountry.Hiseight-minutevaledictorywaseverythingthatGorewasn'tduringhiseighteen-monthcampaign:graceful,authentic,inspiring.Forafamilyoffour,forexample,itismoreconvenientaswellascheapertositcomfortablyathome,withalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailable,thantogooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere.Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruth'ssake,andthatis“asfarasdonoharm''.Don'tbeaboveaskingaboutthingsyoudon'tunderstand.3.單選題（

）,policewouldnotprosecuteyou.問題1選項A.ProvidedthatyoucooperatedwithusB.ProvidedthatyouwillcooperatewithusC.ProvidedthatyouhavecooperatedwithusD.Providedthatyouwouldcooperatewithus4.單選題Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.問題1選項A.extensivelyB.exclusivelyC.excessivelyD.exceedingly5.問答題

Wearewillingto(A)sharewhatever(B)weknow,nomatterhowitmightbelittle(C),withanyonewhoisinneedofthat(D)knowledgeorskill.6.單選題Itisthroughlearningthattheindividual（

）manyhabitualwaysofreactingtosituations.問題1選項A.acquiresB.achievesC.gainsD.retains7.單選題Wecan（

）aconclusionfromthesefactswehavecollected.問題1選項A.generalizeB.nominateC.labelD.integrate8.單選題Howmanyofus（

）,say,ameetingthatisirrelevanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?問題1選項A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended9.單選題Theyconsideritquestionablethatthesedefense-linkedresearchprojectswillaccountforanimprovementinthestandardoflivingor,（

）,domuchtoprotectourdiminishingresources.問題1選項A.incidentallyB.actuallyC.alternativelyD.accordingly10.單選題He’sdonestupidthingsbefore,buttolookfortheescapinggaswithamatchreallywasthe（

）silliness.問題1選項A.ultimateB.unanimousC.triumphantD.trivial11.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingintoChineseDuringthepastfourdecadesthefisheryscientistsoftheWesthavestudiedthedynamicsoffishpopulationswiththeobjectiveofdeterminingtherelationbetweentheamountoffishingandthesustainablecatch.Clearly,sciencemayinvolvenotonlycarefulobservationbutalsoawillingnesstobecreative;thismayentaillookingbeyondexistingparadigmsgoverningresearchinagivenareaofstudy.Practitionersexplicitlyinterpretwhattheyobserve,andoftencategorizetheirdataafterthedatacollectionprocessiscompleteandfromtheperspectivesofthepeopletheyobserving.Thesubjectofsocialscienceinquiryispatternedsocialregularities.Asearchfortheseregularitiesshowsthatmosthumanbehavior,frombigandmomentousactstosmallandinsignificantones,ispatterned.WallStreetislivingonborrowedtime.SincetheOctober1987crashsecuritiestradinghasbeendepressed,retailinvestorshavehurriedoutofstocksandtheissueofnewsharestockshasbeendecreasedsharply.Infact,thecollationoftheselistshasbeenenoughtopulldownourvanity;forthemoreonelooksatwhatisavailableinanunfamiliarfield,themoreurgent,thedesireonefeelstoabandontheaffectationsoftheeditorandassumethemodestythestudent.Ofalltheareasoflearning,themostimportantisthedevelopmentofattitudes.Emotionalreactionsaswellaslogicalthoughtprocessesaffectthebehaviorofmostpeople.Cultureisthesumtotalofallthetraditions,customsbeliefs,andwaysoflifeofagivengroupofhumanbeings.Inthissense,everygrouphasaculture,howeversavage,undeveloped,oruncivilizeditmayseemtous.Ifweaccepttheideathatwewon'teverfullyknowanotherperson,itenablesustodealmoreeasilywiththosethingsthatgetinthewayofaccurateknowledgesuchassecretsanddeceptions.Whilepopulationswerelowandstablelittlepermanentdamagewasdone,butwithasteadyincreaseinthesizeandnumberofhumancommunitiestheforestandsoilhavelittletimetorecover.12.單選題Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he（

）.問題1選項A.rangupB.hungupC.shutdownD.shutup13.單選題Lastweek29earnestAmericanhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtoaneveningofreceivinggoodwords,smalltalk,warmtoastsandfancysilverware.“Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou,”advisedformalUSsecretaryofStateMadeleineAlbright.“Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay.Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder.”AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.TheeveningwassponsoredbytheSt.AlbansSchoolofPublicServicestointroduceitsfirstclasstothefineartofsocialsurvival.Morethan84guests,includingstudents,teachers,schooldonorsandspeakersgatheredtoimitatethelifestyleoftherichandthepolitical.Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.Anyway,thewholeproperforkthingisoverrated.FormalwhitehouseofficialC.BoydenGrayshareditstoptipsforsurvivingdinnerparties:“Drinkaslittleaspossibleuntilyougettodinner.“Don’tbethefirstpersonthereorthelastpersontoleave.”“Trytogetmoreoutofyourdinnerpartnersthantheygetoutofyou.”EveryOfficialDinnerhasagreaterreasonforbeing.Statedinners,forexample,areeitheranopportunitytorewardemergingdemocraciesorstrengthenoldfriendships.TheofficialdinnerwasintendedtoshowthestudentsaneleganteveninginWashington—partofthefour-weekintensivesummerprogramtoencouragepublicservice.Thestudentsarefrom13statesandtwoforeigncountries.Theprogramincludesclassesonthepresidency,thecourts,themediaandinteractionalaffairs.Thestudentsalsodebatedpublicpolicyissues.“They’restillatitat10o’clockatnight”saiddirectorMaryWaikato.“That’sgoodpracticeforWashington,isn'tit?”Sincetherewasnoband,Albrightofferedherselfupasthenight’sentertainer.Nosinging,butstoriesaboutherlifeindiplomacy.“Beingsecretaryofstateisthebestjobintheworld,”shesaid,“betterthanbeingpresident,becauseyoudon’thavetodealwiththeelections.”1.Lastweekagroupofhighschoolstudentswereinvitedtothedinnerparty（

）.

2.AccordingtoMadeleineAlbright,atanofficialdinner（

）.

3.TheimitatedOfficialDinnerisdifferentfromtherealonesinthatthedinner（

）.4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat（

）.問題1選項A.ToseethelifestyleoftherichandpoliticalB.todiscussinternationalandpublicpolicyissuesC.tolearntosurviveindifferentsocialsituationsD.tolearntobecomethefutureleadersoftheWhiteHouse問題2選項A.weshouldgetmoreinformationaboutthehostB.weshouldbesociablebytalkingwithothersC.tablemannersarenotasimportantasconversingD.weshouldlearntoentertainothersbytellingastory問題3選項A.couldnotgetthefinancialsupportaseasilyastherealonesB.washeldwithouttheparticipationofimportantpersonsC.didn'thaveasmanyguestsastherealonesD.hadnothingtodowithpoliticalandinternationalissues問題4選項A.therearesignificantdifferencesbetweentheOfficialDinnerandOtherdinnerpartiesB.AmericanstudentsliketoparticipateinpublicservicesverymuchC.beingasecretaryofstateisthebest,evenbetterthanbeingapresidentD.thestudentswhowereinvitedtothedinnerpartywereenthusiasticabouttheprogram14.問答題Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).15.單選題Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix（

）librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.問題1選項A.driftingB.mobileC.shiftingD.rotating16.問答題Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).17.單選題Willallthose（

）theproposalraisetheirhands?問題1選項A.inrelationtoB.inexcesstoC.incontrasttoD.infavorof18.單選題Iamafraidthatyouhavetoalteryour（

）viewsinlightofthetragicnewsthathasjustarrived.問題1選項A.distressingB.optimisticC.indifferentD.pessimistic19.單選題Hisshirtfactoryisgrowingsofastthathemust（

）moreworkers.問題1選項A.takeonB.takeupC.takeoutD.takeover20.單選題Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.問題1選項A.assureB.wonderC.anticipateD.assume21.單選題Thosewhoareunder18arenot（

）tojointhisclub.問題1選項A.availableB.legitimateC.capableD.eligible22.單選題Environmentalistsmaygetoffonterrifyingclimatechange,butmostpeoplejustturnaway.“Ifitwasreallysobad,they’ddosomething,”saysonecolleague.ThehumantendencytoconvinceyourselfthateverythingisOK,becausenooneelseisworried,isdeeplyseated.Ourtendencytoshrugoffresponsibilityseemstoholdtrueevenwhenweourselvesareindanger.JohnDarleyandBibbLataneaskedaseriesofcollegestudentstositinaroomandfilloutaquestionnaire.Whensmokestartedtopourintotheroomthroughavent,theothers,allactors,ignoreditandwentonwritingcalmly.Ninetypercentofsubjectscopiedtheactors,evenwhenthesmokebecamesothickthattheycouldbarelyseeandwerecoughing.Butsubjectswhowerealoneintheroom,underthesameconditions,almostallreportedthesmokeasanemergency.Thatisanastonishingfinding—thattheinactionofotherpeoplecanmakeusunderestimatethreatstoourownsafety.Inthepastfewweekswehavebeentold,byreputablesources,thattheoceansarewarmingfasterthananyonepredicted.Thatspeciesarebecomingextinctahundredtimesfasterthanfossilsrecord.Thatweareapproachingtippingpointsthatmaymakeclimatechangeirreversible.Thisstuffmakesmefeelprettydesperate.Iwouldthinkthatotherpeoplewouldworrytoo.ButthenIgototheoffice,andtofriends’houses,andnoonementionsit.Nordothepoliticians.Despitethenoisefromgreengroups,welookforget-outclauses.Weblameothercountriesorbigcorporations.Thepartofourbrainthatisprogrammedtoimitatedominatesthepartcuedtoself-preservation—especiallywhenthethreatsarecomplexandlong-term.Couldwesendtheherdintheotherdirection?Maybe.TenyearsafterDarleyandLatane’ssmokeexperiment,anotherprofessorArthurBeamanshoweditsfilmstohisstudents.Heexplainedthepsychology.Andinfuturethosestudentswere,apparently,almosttwiceaslikelyasotherstoreacttohelpotherpeople.InJanuaryIcountedaToyotaPriushybridcaronalmosteveryoneoftherichstreetsinapartofLondonjusteastofmyhouse.YesterdayIdidanothercount.Theyseemedtohaveincreasedtotwoorthree.Thatisthepowerofimitation,forpeoplewhocanaffordit.Buthowdoyougetotherpeopletoimitatebehaviorthatislessvisible:buyingless,travelinglessorchangingtheirelectricitysupplier?Theanswersmustsurelylieinsocialetiquette.Ifweareprogrammedtoactlikelemmings,thenwemustgivesomepeopleincentivestobreakoutandpublicizetheiractivities.Thesmokeiscomingupthroughthevent.Ifenoughpeoplestarttalkingaboutthesmoke,perhapsotherswillstarttoseeittoo.Andifenoughpeopleact,therestmayfollow.Forthat,itseems,ishumannature.1.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatpeopletendto（

）.

2.Infaceofenvironmentaldegradation,mostpeopleare（

）.3.ProfessorArthurBeaman'sexperimentshowsthat（

）.

4.Theauthorsuggeststhatinordertocounterclimatechange,（

）.問題1選項A.beoptimisticaboutchangesoccurringaroundB.turnablindeyetotheapproachingthreatsC.havetheirjudgmentsinfluencedbyothersD.waitforsomeoneelsetoactfirst問題2選項A.feelingunabletoassumesuchabigresponsibilityB.endeavoringtofindoutitscausesC.imitatingothers'inactionD.tryingtoprotectthemselves問題3選項A.it’shumannaturetoshrinkfromresponsibilityB.environmentaleducationshouldbeginwiththeyoungpeopleC.therewillbemanymorewhoarereadytohelpothersD.properguidancecanmakepeoplemoreconcernedaboutclimatechange問題4選項A.moreattentionshouldbepaidtopsychologicalaspectsB.imitationshouldbeminimizedoravoidedC.morepopularizationshouldbedoneaboutitsdangerD.somerestrictionsshouldbemadeonpeople’sspendingpattern23.單選題Sheseweda（

）onthekneeofhertrousers.問題1選項A.pinchB.plasterC.punchD.patch24.單選題Herhonestyis（

）,nobodycandoubtit.問題1選項A.outofthequestionB.withoutquestionC.inquestionD.besidethequestion25.單選題Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.問題1選項A.heavingB.raisingC.ascendingD.floating第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。relieve意為“減輕，緩和”；change意為“改變”；deteriorate意為“變壞惡化”；solve意為“解決”。句意：當(dāng)韓國制革工人進(jìn)入英國和新西蘭的原材料市場，抬高了價格，困難的市場條件惡化了。2.【答案】晚上在參加宴會、出席音樂會、觀看乒乓球表演之后，他將起草最后公報。約翰是可以信賴的。他忠誠而守規(guī)矩。中午到了，又過去了；很少吃午飯的尼克松和很少錯過午餐的基辛格跳過了這頓飯，他們直接洽談了將近四個小時。在那以后的四個星期內(nèi)，消息時好時壞，兩種情況不斷地交替出現(xiàn)，一直沒有明朗化。試圖使用計算機(jī)復(fù)制大腦工作方式的數(shù)學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是使用最新的電子設(shè)備，他們必須制造一臺體重超過1萬公斤的計算機(jī)。我們認(rèn)為沒有任何和平局面是永久的，如果不考慮任何國家大多數(shù)人民的合法愿望。他八分鐘的告別演講很成功，Gore在他十八個月的競選活動中卻沒有表現(xiàn)出來：優(yōu)雅、真誠、鼓舞人心。例如，對于一個四口之家來說，與其外出到別的地方去找樂子，還不如舒適地坐在家里，因為更方便，也更便宜，而且?guī)缀蹩梢韵硎軣o限的樂趣。我們的職業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上恪守一個信條，那就是盡可能的不造成傷害，這一信條勝過為講真話而講真話的美德。不懂的事，不要怕問。3.【答案】A【解析】考查虛擬語氣。對現(xiàn)在事實進(jìn)行虛擬，從句：If主語+過去時（be動詞用were），主句：主語+should/would/could/might+videdthat意為“假如，設(shè)若”。句意：假如你和我們合作，警察就不會起訴你的。4.【答案】D【解析】考查副詞辨析。extensively意為“廣大地，廣泛地”；exclusively意為“唯一地”；excessively意為“過度地”；exceedingly意為“非常，極其”。句意：你的建議對他來說非常的有價值，他現(xiàn)在是無計可施了。5.【答案】試題答案：C;howlittleitmightbe

【解析】考查詞序。nomatterhow表示“無論如何”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，nomatterhow后面接形容詞或副詞+句子。6.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。acquire意為“獲得，取得”，指經(jīng)過努力逐步獲得才能、知識、習(xí)慣等；achieve意為“取得”，指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得；gain意為“獲得”，指通過較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；retain意為“保持，保留”。句意：正是通過學(xué)習(xí)，個人才能獲得處理各種情況的習(xí)慣做法。7.【答案】A【解析】考查動詞辨析。generalize意為“概括，歸納”；nominate意為“提名，任命”；label意為“貼標(biāo)簽于”；integrate意為“(使)合并，成為一體”。句意：我們可以從收集到的這些事實中歸納出一個結(jié)論。8.【答案】B【解析】考查分詞作定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“say”為插入語，“thatisirrelevanttous”為定語，句中主干為：Howmanyofus

ameetingwouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?wouldbeinterestedin是謂語，那么空格處為非謂語動詞，作定語修飾名詞us。不定式作定語表未發(fā)生的，現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表主動關(guān)系，所指的時間既可以指過去，也可指現(xiàn)在。過去分詞作定語表被動關(guān)系，因此選B。句意：比如說，參加一個與我們毫不相干的會議，那么我們當(dāng)中有多少人會對會議上的討論感興趣呢？9.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。incidentally意為“偶然，附帶地”；actually意為“實際上”；alternatively意為“(引出第二種選擇或可能的建議)要不，或者”；accordingly意為“因此，于是”。句意：他們認(rèn)為這些與國防有關(guān)的研究項目是否能提高人們的生活水平或者能保護(hù)我們?nèi)找鏈p少的資源是值得懷疑的。10.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。ultimate意為“最好（或壞、偉大、重要等）的，最后的”；unanimous意為“全體一致的”；triumphant意為“成功的”；trivial意為“瑣碎的，無價值的”。句意：他以前做過愚蠢的事，但用火柴去尋找什么地方煤氣漏氣實在是最傻的事了。11.【答案】在過去的四十年里，西方漁業(yè)科學(xué)家研究了魚類種群的動態(tài)，目的是確定漁獲量與魚類數(shù)量之間的關(guān)系。顯然，科學(xué)不僅包括仔細(xì)觀察，而且還要樂于創(chuàng)新；這可能需要超越現(xiàn)有的在某一特定領(lǐng)域管理研究的模式。從業(yè)者明確解釋他們所觀察到的內(nèi)容，并且通常在數(shù)據(jù)收集過程完成后，從他們觀察到的人的角度對他們的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類。社會科學(xué)探究的對象是模式化的社會常規(guī)。對這些常規(guī)的調(diào)查顯示了大多數(shù)人類的行為都是模式化的，從重大的行為到微小的行為。華爾街以借來的時間為生。自從1987年10月的證券市場崩潰以來，散戶投資者紛紛撤出股票，新股發(fā)行大幅減少。事實上，對這些清單的整理已經(jīng)足夠消除我們的虛榮心了。因為一個人越多地看一個陌生領(lǐng)域中的東西，他就越迫切地想要放棄的編輯的裝模作樣，并承擔(dān)起學(xué)生的謙遜。在所有學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域中，最重要的是培養(yǎng)態(tài)度。情感反應(yīng)和邏輯思維過程影響著大多數(shù)人的行為。文化是一個特定群體的所有傳統(tǒng)、習(xí)俗、信仰和生活方式的總和。從這個意義上說，每一個群體都有一種文化，無論在我們看來它是野蠻的、不發(fā)達(dá)的還是不文明的。如果我們接受我們永遠(yuǎn)不會完全了解另一個人的想法，它使我們能夠更容易地處理如秘密和欺騙那些阻礙我們獲得準(zhǔn)確信息的事物。雖然過去人口少且穩(wěn)定，可造成的永久性損害很少，但隨著人類社區(qū)規(guī)模和數(shù)量的穩(wěn)步增加森林和土壤幾乎沒有時間恢復(fù)。12.【答案】B【解析】考查動詞辨析。ringup意為“打電話”；hangup意為“掛斷電話”；shutdown意為“關(guān)閉，停業(yè)”；shutup意為“安靜，閉嘴”。句意：我今天早上給他打了電話，但當(dāng)我告訴他我是誰時，他掛斷了電話。13.【答案】第1題:C第2題:B第3題:A第4題:D【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的Theideawastoteachthesocialgracesthatwillhelpstudentssurviveanysocialsituation.（這個想法是為了教學(xué)生社交禮儀，以幫助學(xué)生應(yīng)對任何社交情形）可知選C。2.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。文章第二段描寫的是MadeleineAlbright給的建議：由Findoutsomethingaboutthepersonsittingnexttoyou（找出坐在你旁邊的那個人的一些情況）可知與A選項不符；由Andyoushouldalwaysusethepropersilverwareintheproperorder（而且你應(yīng)該正確地使用你的餐具）可知與C選項不符；D選項原文沒有提及；由Eventually,you'lldiscovertheyalwayshavesomethinginterestingtosay（最終，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)他們總是有一些有趣的話要說）可知選B，在正式晚宴上我們應(yīng)該善于與人交談。3.細(xì)節(jié)事實題。由文章第三段中AlbrightwastheguestofhonorattheimitatedOfficialdinner,whichwasalotlikearealofficialdinnerinWashingtonminusthesoftmoney.（Albright是這場模仿正式宴會的貴賓，這種模仿宴會與華盛頓的正式宴會很相似，但不包括軟錢）可知這場模仿宴會與正式宴會的區(qū)別在于錢方面，因此選A。softmoney（軟錢）指在規(guī)則和聯(lián)邦選舉競選法之外籌集的政治資金，它一直是競選資金改革支持者的主要目標(biāo)。4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，可推測出參加此次模仿宴會的學(xué)生應(yīng)該是對這個項目很熱衷的。14.【答案】試題答案：B;tohavetosuffer

【解析】考查固定句型。wantsb.todosth.為固定搭配，意為“想要某人做某事”。15.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞分析。drifting意為“漂流的，飄動的”；m