第02講必修二Unit1Grammar（原卷版）-2020必修第二冊

第02講必修二Unit1Grammar（原卷版）-【幫課堂】2022-2023學年高一英語同步精品講義（譯林版2020必修第二冊）【目標導航】本單元語法是主謂一致【知識精講】一）、語法一致原則語法一致原則是指主語和謂語在語法形式上必須一致，即謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式由主語的單復數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。這一原則主要適用于以下幾種情況：1、不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Everypartistobecarefullycheckedbeforetheyareputtogether.組裝之前，每一個部件都要仔細檢查。（2）Abigpartofthecornisusedtofeedchickens,pigsandcattleinthatcountry.在那個國家，一大部分玉米被用來喂雞、豬和牛。（3）Thesetoysaredesignedforchildrenunderthreeyearsold.這些玩具是為三歲以下的兒童設計的。2、復合不定代詞anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,nothing及不定代詞either,each等在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Everyoneisreadyforthesportsmeeting.每個人都為運動會做好準備了。（2）Everythingisinacompletemess,whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都亂成一團，讓人發(fā)瘋。3.單個的動詞不定式（短語）、v-ing(短語）或主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。（2）Whentheycouldfinishthetaskisnotknownyet.他們何時能完成這項任務還未知。4.由aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,with,ratherthan,but,except,besides,inadditionto,like,including等連接兩部分名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞與（短語）介詞前面的主語保持一致。例句：（1）Theteacheraswellasthestudentslikesthepainting.老師和學生們都喜歡這幅畫。（2）Tom,alongwithhisfriends,goesskatingeverySaturday.每個星期六，湯姆都和他的朋友們一起去滑冰。5."manya(n)(許多）／morethanone(不止一個）＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)＂作主語時，盡管從意義上看是復數(shù)，但謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthispainfulprocess.很多父母都不得不經(jīng)歷了這一段痛苦的過程。（2）Morethanonepersonisagainsttheproposal.不止一個人反對這個提議。6."oneof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＂后跟定語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞常用復數(shù)形式；而＂the(only)oneof+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)＂后跟定語從句時，從句中的謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。例句：（1）HeisoneofthestudentswhohavebeentoShanghai.他是那些去過上海的學生中的一個。（2）HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohasbeentoShanghai.他是那些學生中唯一一個去過上海的。7.在＂It+is/was+被強調(diào)部分＋that/who..."結(jié)構(gòu)中，如被強調(diào)部分是主語，that/who后的謂語動詞與被強調(diào)部分的人稱、數(shù)保持一致。例句：Itistheywhohaveworkedthereforfiveyears.是他們在那里工作了五年二）、意義一致原則這一原則是指從意著眼來解決主謂一致問題。主語所表達的單復數(shù)概念并不總是根據(jù)主語的形式來確定，有時要根據(jù)它所表達的意義來確定。意義一致原則主要適用于以下幾種情況：1.and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復數(shù)形式。但如果and所連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞指的是同一個人、同一件事或表示整體概念，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，這時and后面的名詞前不加冠詞。例句：Theownerandtheeditor-in-chiefofthenewspaperaretoattendtheconference.這家報紙的業(yè)主和主編將參加這次會議。（2）Theknifeandforkisonthedesk.這套刀叉在桌子上。（3）Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.那位老師兼作家將要給我們做一次報告。2.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。例句：（1）Allarehereandallisready.所有的人都已到，一切就緒。（2）Allwhohavestudiedthisquestionhavecometothesameconclusion.所有研究過這個問題的人都得出同樣的結(jié)論。（3）Nonehavearrivedyet.還無人到來。（4）Noneismorequalifiedforthetaskthanhim.沒有人比他更適合執(zhí)行這項任務了。3"all/most/half/therestof+名詞／代詞＂或”分數(shù)／百分數(shù)＋名詞／代詞＂作主語時，若名詞或代詞表示單數(shù)概念或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若表示復數(shù)概念，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。anumberof...(許多?！ぁぁぁぁ?作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式；thenumberof...(.·····的數(shù)量）作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Therestofthebuildingswereeasytogettoandtherestofhistimewasspentinenjoyingthebeautifulscenes.其余的建筑物并不難到達，他剩下的時間都用在欣賞美景上了。（2）Hegotbackhome,findingthatsomeofthesugarwasspilledonthefloor.他回到家，發(fā)現(xiàn)一些糖散落在地上。Thenumberofpeopleinvitedwasfifty,butanumberofthemwereabsentfordifferentreasons.邀請的人數(shù)是50,但很多人因不同的原因沒來。4.表示時間、距離、金額、重量等的復數(shù)名詞作主語時常被當作一個整體來看待，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式，但為了強調(diào)數(shù)量之多，也可用復數(shù)形式。例句：（1）Twentykilometersisquitealongdistance.20千米是相當長的一段距離。（2）Fiftydollarswasalargesumformeatthattime.那時50美元對我來說是一大筆錢。5.集體名詞作主語時的主謂一致問題（1)有的集體名詞表示復數(shù)含義，作主語時謂語通常也用復數(shù)形式，比如cattle,people,police等。例1：Howmanypeoplewereatthemeeting?有多少人參加了會議？例2：Thecattlearegrazingatthefootofthehill.牛群正在山腳下吃草。（2)有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復數(shù)形式。若視為整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若強調(diào)集體中的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，比如：family,class,audience,team,group,band,committee(委員會）等。①強調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：例3：Therewasabigaudienceattheeveningparty.晚會上觀眾很多。例4：ClassOnesuggestsasecondvisittotheGreatWall.一班提議第二次游覽長城。例5：Thefootballteamisbeingreorganized.這支足球隊正在重組。②強調(diào)成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)：例1：Theaudiencewerealldeeplyimpressedbytheplot.故事情節(jié)給觀眾留下了極為深刻的印象。例2：ClassOnearealloutontheplaygroundtocheerfortheathletes.一班的同學都到操場上為運動員加油去了。例3：Thecommitteeagreetodiscusstheproposalatthenextmeeting.委員們同意在下次會議中討論該建議。（3)有的集體名詞作主語時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式，比如clothing,equipment,furniture,jewellery,poetry等。例1：Thefurnitureinthisroomhasbeenmadetoorder.這個房間的家具是定做的。例2：Alltheirclothingisbrightandattractive.他們所有的衣朋都顏色鮮艷，引人注目。例3：Mostoftheirequipmenthasbeenshippedaheadofschedule他們的大部分設備已提前運走了。特別提醒單復數(shù)形式相同的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的形式應根據(jù)其表達的意義來確定。這類名詞有means,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一個方法都試過了。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有用。6."the+形容詞／分詞＂表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。Thewoundedweresavedbythevillagersatlast.最后，村民救了傷員。三）、就近原則含義：這一原則是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往與其最近的主語保持一致。該原則有以下幾種情況：1.either..or..,or…,neither..nor..,notonly...butalso..,not...but...等連接的名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)由最靠近謂語動詞的名詞或代詞決定。例1：AreyouorhegodatEnglish?是你還是他擅長英語?例2：Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwantstogoclimbing.不僅學生想去爬山，老師也想。2.therebe句型中的be動詞應與離其最近的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例1：Thereisapen,twobooksandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有一支鋼筆、兩本書和許多鉛筆。例2：Therearetwobooks,apenandmanypencilsonthedesk.桌上有兩本書、一支鋼筆和許多鉛筆?！净A過關(guān)】語法專練(用括號內(nèi)的詞適當形式填空）1.Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess_________(be)thesumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften_____(take)yearstoachieve.2.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts_______(have)causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.3.Actually,thegarden,aswellasthetreesaroundit,________(belong)toamanlivingacrossthestreet.4.NobodybutthoseinvitedbyDrLi________(allow)toenterthepatient'sroom.5.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_________(be)coveredbytreesandgrass.6.Themajorityofstudentsinmyschool________(be)admittedtofamousuniversitieseveryyear.7.Buseswerenotabletorunnormallyontheroadsbecauseof_______(be)theheavysnowandmorethanonestudentlateforschoolthatmorning.8.Fiveyears________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,and_________(be)reallyalongtime.forthem,fiveyears9.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.10.Thecommittee__________madeupof20memberswho__________expertsinmedicine.(be)對比選擇1.①Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat______gotfullmarks.②Heisoneofthestudentsthat__________gotfullmarks.A.haveB.has2.①About70%oftheteacherspresent________againsttheplan.②About70%ofthesurfaceoftheearth_______coveredwithwater.A.isB.are3.①Thefamoussingeranddancer_________goingtotakepartinourpartythisevening.②Thefamoussingerandthefamousdancer__________goingtotakepartinourpartythisevening,A.areB.is4.①Anumberofstudents________playingfootballnow.②Thenumberofstudentsplayingfootball_______50.A.isB.are5.①Manyaboy__________thiskindofbicycle.②Manyboys___________thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likes6.①Icanworkouttwoofthefiveproblems,buttherest_________toodifficultforme.②Ihavefinishedonethirdoftheworkandtherest____________leftforyou.A.isB.are7.①EitheryouorI________goingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass,②EitherIoryou__________goingtotheteacher'sofficeafterclass.A.amB.are8.①There________amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.2②There_________afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspapersonthetable.A.isB,are語法填空1.(2020·天津5月單項填空改編）Asurveycarriedoutlastyearshowedthat80%ofthemiddle-agedinthiscity_________(be)infavouroftheproposalforhealthcarereform.2.(湖南高考單項填空改編）Allweneed（be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.3.(湖南高考單項填空改編）One-thirdofthecountry___coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_____blackpeople.(be)4.(安徽高考單項填空改編）Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich_______（be)savedforotherpurposes.【能力提升】七選五Hollywoodmoviesareregularlyfilledwithsexandviolence.Theycanbeexcitingfilmsbutsometimesallyouwantisalittlelight-heartedentertainment.HaveyouheardofBollywood?Allsinging,alldancingandunrealistic,itistheperfectalternativetonormalHollywoodmovies.BollywoodistheIndianfilmindustry,basedinMumbai,formerlyknownasBombay.1YetBollywoodisthelargestproduceroffilmsintheworld.ThisyeartheIndianFilmAwards,Bollywood’sOscars,turn50yearsold.ThetypicalBollywoodmovieusuallyhasthefollowingingredients(組成成分):acupofromance,atea-spoonofcomedy,adashofinternationalsight-seeing,servedwithahugesliceofsinginganddancing.Therewillalsobeonebravehero,onebeautifulheroineandonebadguy.2Bollywoodfilmsarefullofidealthingsandfreeofdailyworries.3Theactorschangeclothesandlocationswithinasinglesong.Buttheaudiencedon’tmind.ToIndianmovielovers,especiallythepoor,suchfilmsareagatewaytoheavenandthestarsaretheirgods.Thefilmstakethemtoamagicalworldawayfromtheireverydaytroubles.Thefilmstellthemthattheimpossibleispossibleandthattrueloveconquersall.4Behindthebeautifulscenes,Bollywoodstillemphasizes(重視)traditionalfamilyvalues.Inmostfilms,iftwoloverswanttobreakanarrangedmarriage,theycan’tjustrunaway.Theymustwinovertheirparents.Bollywoodisadecent(正派的)refreshingreplacementforthoseover-stimulating(評價過高的)Hollywoodfilms.5Theywilltakeyoutoabrighter,cheerierandmorecolorfulworldwhereit’sstillcooltodancearoundatreeandsingalovesong.A.Bollywoodhasgraduallywonitsreputation(名聲)ontheworldstage.B.Thereisneveranymentionofpolitics,povertyorwar.C.MostChineseschoolkidshaveprobablyneverseenanIndianfilm.D.Bollywoodfilmsaremostlycomicromanceswithlight-heartedincidental(附帶的)music.E.Bollywoodpaysgreatattentiontotraditionalvalues.F.Theresultisafun-filledmusical.G.Soifyou’retiredofallthatHollywoodactions,checkouttheBollywoodfilms.【培優(yōu)拔尖】閱讀理解AFromclassicfilmslikeTheLionKingtonewMarvelandStarWarsseries,theservicehasalengthylistofworthycontent.LookthroughthelistofmoviesyoucanwatchonDisney.HomeAlone(1990)AstheMcCallisterfamilytakeoffforParisfortheholidayseason,theyaccidentallyleavetheireight-year-oldsonKevinathomealoneatChristmas.Whilehe’sleftbehind,thehouseistargetedby2robbers,HarryLymeandMarvMerchants,whohavejustcomeoutofprison.Kevinislefttotakecareofhimselfanddefendhishouse.BeautyandtheBeast(1997)FollowingtheoriginalDisneyclassic,thefilmfollowseverybodyinthecastleastheypreparedforChristmasbackwhentheywerestillunderthespell(魔咒).ToldbyMrs.Potts,weseewhathappenedafterBeastsavedBellefromthewolvesandtheycelebratedChristmas.GoodLuckCharlie(2011)TheCharliesarereadyforagreatChristmasinPalmSprings.However,TeddyandAmyareseparatedfromtherestofthefamilyandmadlytrytofindawaytoPalmSpringsintimeforChristmas.Intheend,thefamilyarereunitedandlearnalessonaboutthetruemeaningofChristmas.Olaf’sFrozenAdventure(2017)OneofFrozen’sbreakoutcharactersOlaf,thesnowman,hashisveryownadventureashesetsoutonamissiontocreateChristmastraditionsforElsaandAnna.1.WhatdoweknowaboutKevininthefilmHomeAlone?A.Heknowstherobberyinadvance.B.Heislefthomealoneunexpectedly.C.Hedoesn’tlikespendingholidayinParis.D.Heiswillingtofightagainsttherobbers.2.Whatdothefourmovieshaveincommon?A.They’reallcomedies.B.They’reallintendedforkidsonly.C.They’reallrelatedtoChristmas.D.They’realladventurousfilms.3.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanweprobablyseethetext?A.Entertainment.B.Advertisement.C.Newsreport.D.Economy.BStanLeewasbornin1922.Whenhewasjust17,hegotajobatacompanythatmadecomicbooks.Althoughthesalarywasbeyondhisimagination,Mr.Leegottiredofit.Mostsuperheroeswerestrongandsmartandalwaysknewtherightthingtodo.Mr.Leewantedtohaveachancetocreatenewsuperheroesthathadweaknesses.Mr.Leedidn’tcreatetheheroesbyhimself.Heworkedwithartiststocomeupwiththeideas.Somepeoplethoughtthecomicbookswouldnotsellwellandthatthereaderswouldbeunhappytoseesuperheroesleadanormallife.Mr.Leewasabletocreatecharactersthatweredifferentfromanythingthathadbeenseenincomicbooksbefore.TheIncredibleHulkwasareallyniceguyuntilhegotangry.Spider-Manwasneversurehewasdoingtherightthing,buthealwaysseemedtohavesomethingfunnytosaytothebadguys.Mr.Leemadeitokayforcomicbookheroestobelikecommonpeople.Healsohadthecleverideaofhavinghiscomicbookheroesappearineachother’sstories.Forexample,Spider-ManmightshowupinaFantasticFourstory.Thismadereadersfeelshocked.Healsobroughtthemintotherealworld.BatmanandSupermanlivedinmade-upcities.ButMr.LeedecidedthatPeterParker(whoturnsintoSpider-Man)shouldliveinNewYorkCity.In1980,Mr.Leemoved