2019譯林版高中英語選擇性必修四Unit1 Honesty and responsibility 知識清單（學(xué)生版）

。。。閱讀單詞認讀cigarn.eyebrown.scarfpinn.geophysicistn.coreadj.n.wardn.substantialadj.embracevt.&vi.anchorn.vi.&vt.likewiseadv.starfishn.jaden.rejoicevi.&vt.重點單詞識記adv.剛好；僅僅，勉強可能；幾乎不；剛才adj.靈敏的，敏銳的；渴望，熱切，熱衷于n.頜，下巴n.傷疤；(精神上的)創(chuàng)傷；污點n.鉆石adj.值得花時間(或花錢、努力等)，重要的，令人愉快的n.衣領(lǐng)；頸圈；圈，箍vt.(表示驚奇)；祝福n.英寸；少量，短距離vt.概述，略述n.概述；輪廓線，略圖vt.&vi.疑有，覺得n.嫌疑犯，可疑對象n.&vt.逮捕，拘捕vt.給(某人)打電報；接通(電源)n.金屬絲；電線；鐵絲網(wǎng)n.罪犯adj.犯法的，犯罪的；刑事的；不道德的adv.不過，總之；盡管；而且；隨便地n.道德原則；法則；信條adj.正派的，合乎禮節(jié)的；得體的，適當?shù)膎.(責任、義務(wù)等的)重擔，負擔vt.&vi.辭職，辭去n.礦物，礦物質(zhì)adj.極佳的，卓越的，質(zhì)量極高的vt.&vi.(,)原諒，寬?。幻獬?債務(wù))vt.欺騙，蒙騙vi.作弊，舞弊vt.包，裹，用……纏繞n.披肩，圍巾；包裹材料n.包裹，小包；一塊地vt.裹好，打包n.蝴蝶結(jié)；弓vi.鞠躬；低(頭)n.侄子，外甥n.皺紋；褶皺，皺痕vt.&vi.(使臉上)起皺紋，皺起vi.停頓，暫停n.停頓，停頓的時間vi.&vt.(,)縫，做針線活；縫上vi.&vt.假裝；裝扮；扮作；自詡，自認為n.榮幸；特殊利益vt.給予特權(quán)，特別優(yōu)待n.階段，時期n.最后期限，截止日期n.過錯，責任；弱點，缺點n.美德；正直的品性；優(yōu)點n.誠實正直；完整，完好adj.有機的，統(tǒng)一的；綠色的，不使用化肥的；生物的n.垃圾；廢話n.節(jié)省物，節(jié)?。粌π罱餹.意外收獲；獎金，紅利vt.&vi.(,)播種，種n.收成，收獲量；收獲季節(jié)，收割vt.&vi.收割，捕獵n.引語，原話vt.&vi.引用，引述；舉例說明核心詞匯拓展__________n.約定，約會；任命，委托；職務(wù)→__________vt.約會；任命→__________adj.指定的；約定的__________adj.可信賴的，可依靠的；真實可信的，可靠的→__________vi.依靠；依賴__________adj.無辜的，清白的，無罪的；天真無邪的，純真的n.無辜者，單純的人→__________n.天真；清白__________adj.合法的；法律的→__________adj.不合法的；違法的→__________adv.法律上，合法地→__________adv.違法地，非法地__________adj.社會主義的n.社會主義者→__________adj.社會的；社交的→__________n.社會→__________n.社會主義__________n.攝影師，拍照者→__________n.攝影；攝影術(shù)__________adj.感到內(nèi)疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的→__________n.內(nèi)疚；犯罪；有罪__________adj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬→__________n.羞恥；羞愧；慚愧→__________adj.可恥的，丟臉的__________adj.失望的，沮喪的→__________vt.使失望，使沮喪→__________adj.令人失望的→__________n.失望，沮喪__________n.寬恕；仁慈→__________adj.仁慈的__________n.指導(dǎo)；導(dǎo)航→__________vt.帶領(lǐng)；引導(dǎo)n.向?qū)_________adj.灰心的→__________adj.使人灰心的，使人泄氣的→__________vt.阻止，使氣餒→__________n.泄氣，灰心核心短語速記拆毀，拆除發(fā)財失去聯(lián)系臂挽著臂被逮捕任……處置；對……無能為力使焦慮不安，加重……的思想負擔onthebeat出現(xiàn)，到場；卷起；調(diào)大離開，撤離；拔出令某人感到失望的是makeadifference貯藏著；等待著；將要發(fā)生mysteryn.神秘；神秘的事物nationalityn.國籍nationwideadj.全國范圍的；全國性的negotiatevi.談判；商議neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四鄰；鄰近地區(qū)nobleadj.高尚的；貴族的normaln.&adj.正常的(狀態(tài))nowadaysadv.當今；現(xiàn)在nurseryn.托兒所nutritionn.營養(yǎng)；營養(yǎng)品observevt.觀察；遵守；慶祝obtainvt.得到Inthedoorwayofastorestoodaman,withanunlitcigarinhismouth.(介詞短語位于句首的完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))商店門口站著一個男人，嘴里叼著一支沒有點燃的雪茄?！瓂ouwillencountermanydifficultsituationswherethingsmaygowrong.(先行詞為situation,where引導(dǎo)定語從句)……你會遇到很多事情出現(xiàn)各種問題的困難狀況。Alwaysgiveyourbestinwhateveryousetouttodo,howeverdifficultthatmightbe.(however引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)盡你最大努力去做自己打算要做的事情，無論它有多難。Sowtheseedsofsuccesstodayandyourharvestwillbegreattomorrow.(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)今天播下成功的種子，明天你將會擁有豐厚的收獲。請先從表格中選用本單元所學(xué)詞匯完成下列短文，然后核對答案并背誦該短文。suspect,arminarm,ashamed,mercy,resign,guiltyAsocialist’snephewwaskeenonmakinghisfortunetorelievehisfamilyoffinancialburden.Atfirst,heworkedatamineralwaterfactory.However,thebonustherewasdiscouragingandhisincomebarelysupportedhisfamily.Therefore,he1.__________.Sincethenthesocialistlosttouchwithhim.Twoyearslater,thesocialistwasinformedthathisnephewwas2.__________ofbeinginvolvedinadiamondandjadetheft.Hearingthedisappointingnews,thesocialistwas3.__________anddeterminedthathewouldsendhimtoprisonwithout4.__________.Itwasjusttwomonthslaterthatthesuspectmadeanappointmentwithhisunclesecretly.Onseeinghisnephew,thesocialisttriedtopersuadehimtoacknowledgehiscriminalconduct.Watchingthewrinklesonhisuncle’sface,theyoungmanfelt5.__________abouthisillegalactsandadmittedhisfault.Hisunclelikewiseforgavehiscriminalbehaviorandembracedhim.Intheend,theywenttothepolicestation6.__________.提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為本單元詞匯appointmentn.預(yù)約，約會；任命，委任(appointvt.任命；委派；安排appointedadj.指定的，約定的)makeanappointmentwithsb.與某人約會keep/breakanappointment守/違約appointsb.as/tobe...任命某人為……appointsb.todosth.委派某人做某事MaryandIhadmade__________appointmenttomeetattheshoppingcenter,butshefailedtokeepthe__________,soIwasveryangryandIdeterminednottomakeanappointment__________heranymore,becauseshewasnotreliable.(用合適的詞或appoint的適當形式填空)我被指定來負責安排那一天的所有活動。I______________________________arrangingalltheactivitiesonthatday.suspectv.疑有，覺得；認為n.嫌疑犯，可疑對象(suspicionn.懷疑；疑心suspiciousadj.懷疑的；可疑的)suspectsb.of(doing)sth.懷疑某人(做)某事suspectsb.tobe/as...懷疑某人是……suspectthat...懷疑/認為……Thepolice__________thattwoofthe__________caughtyesterdaywereconnectedwithanothercase—thejadetheft.Theyweremore__________.(suspect)Thephotographerwassuspectedofviolatingprinciples,andheresignedatlast.(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫)→______________________________,thephotographerresignedatlast.arrestn.&vt.逮捕，拘捕underarrest被逮捕arrestsb.forsth.因某事逮捕某人arrestone’sattention吸引某人的注意力Thenews__________ourattentionthatmyneighbour,aninnocentmanwasarrested__________spreadingrumorsonSinamicroblog.(用合適的詞或arrest的適當形式填空)Weheardthatthedriverofthecar,whowasresponsiblefortheaccident,hadbeen__________arrest.剛開始它獨特的設(shè)計和美麗的圖片吸引了我的注意。漸漸地，豐富的內(nèi)容更加吸引了我。(2021·新高考全國Ⅰ，應(yīng)用文寫作)Atthebeginning,____________________________________________________________.Gradually,thewiderangeofcontentshaveappealedtomemore.ashamedadj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬(shamen.羞恥；羞愧；慚愧shamefuladj.可恥的；丟臉的；不體面的)beashamedof...為……感到羞愧beashamedtodo...恥于做……；因做……而羞愧It’sashamethat...……是令人遺憾的事Hewasashamed__________notfinishinghistaskbeforethedeadline.Inhisopinion,itwasashamethathedidn’tfinishhisplan,sohefeltdiscouraged.(用合適的詞填空)我是如此羞愧，以至于我感覺心如刀絞，眼淚模糊了我的雙眼。(讀后續(xù)寫之羞愧心理描寫)Iwas____________________Ifeltasifaknifewerepiercingmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(運用so...that...句型)____________________Ifeltasifaknifewerepiercingmyheart,tearscloudingmyeyes.(運用so...that...句型的倒裝形式)forgivev.原諒；寬??；免除(債務(wù))(forgivenessn.原諒；寬恕)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgivesb.sth.,forgivesb.fordoingsth.,forgivesb.’sdoingsth.))原諒某人做某事forgiveandforget摒棄前嫌Forgiveyourself__________mistakesthatyouhavemade.(2020·全國Ⅰ)Mynephewneveradmittedhisguiltoraskedfor__________(forgive)afteroffendingothers.眾所周知，不計前嫌是一種美德，尤其是在這樣一個充滿競爭和壓力的社會中。Asisknowntoall,it’savirtueto____________________,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressfulsociety.disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的(disappointmentn.[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物disappointingadj.令人失望的disappointv.使失望)bedisappointedat/by/in/with...對……失望bedisappointedtodo...因做……而失望toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的是Iwasdisappointed__________(find)thatlittleTomhadcheatedintheexam,whichwas__________(disappoint).讓我失望的是，我表弟作為嫌疑人被逮捕了。____________________,mycousinwasarrestedasasuspect.Thatmycousinwasarrestedasasuspect________________________________________.____________________wasthatmycousinwasarrestedasasuspect.pretendv.假裝；裝扮，扮作pretendeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tobe＋n./adj.假裝是……,todosth.假裝做某事,tobedoingsth.假裝正在做某事,tohavedonesth.假裝已經(jīng)做過某事,that...假裝……))Thecriminalpretended__________(be)aninnocentwitnesswhenthepolicegottothespot.Hepretendedthathehadfinishedhishomeworkalready.→Hepretended____________________hishomeworkalready.當在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到困難時，我們應(yīng)該有個好態(tài)度。不要不懂裝懂。(應(yīng)用文寫作之建議信)Whenfacedwithdifficultiesinlearning,weshouldhaveagoodattitude.______________________________________.privilegen.榮幸；特殊利益v.給予特權(quán)；特別優(yōu)待(privilegedadj.有特權(quán)的；受特別優(yōu)待的)havetheprivilegetodosth./ofdoingsth.有做某事的特權(quán)Itisaprivilege(forsb.)todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是個榮幸。be/feelprivilegedtodosth.做某事是榮幸的__________isaprivilegeformetohavebeeninvitedtojointheclubandenjoyallthe__________ofclubmembership.(用合適的詞或privilege的適當形式填空)Weallknowthatnursesanddoctorshavetheprivilege__________(enter)thewardfreely.我很榮幸能站在這里發(fā)表關(guān)于成為聰明的在線學(xué)習(xí)者的演講。(2021·全國乙，書面表達)____________________________________________________________onbeingsmartonlinelearners.mercyn.仁慈，寬恕(mercifuladj.仁慈的，憐憫的mercilessadj.無情的)atthemercyof任……擺布，受……控制begformercy請求寬恕，求饒havemercyonsb.憐憫某人withoutmercy毫不憐憫地Thesocialistissucha__________manandalwayshasmercy__________thosehomelesspeoplebutsometimeshecanbe__________tobadpersons.(用合適的詞或mercy的適當形式填空)WhetherTomwillgetthebonusis__________themercyofhisboss.午間酷熱的陽光無情地蒸烤著他們，但他們并沒有放棄。(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)Theblisteringnoondaysunbeatdownonthem____________________buttheydidn’tgiveup.arminarm臂挽著臂handinhand手牽手facetoface面對面backtoback背靠背shouldertoshoulder＝sidebyside肩并肩eyestoeyes四目相對hearttoheart心貼心stepbystep一步一步地用“n.＋介詞＋n.”填空：Watchingtheoldcouplewalkingalongthebeach____________________givesmeasenseofhappiness.(讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫)Onlywhenallofusjoin____________________tofightagainstairpollutioncanwehaveabetterenvironment.(話題寫作之環(huán)境保護)Guiltyandashamed,hecameintohisteacher’sofficetobegforhisforgiveness____________________.(讀后續(xù)寫之心理描寫)Thefirefighter,severelyinjuredandlosingcontactwithhisfellows,stoodonhisfeetandwalkedtowardstheexit____________________.Sowtheseedsofsuccesstodayandyourharvestwillbegreattomorrow.今天播下成功的種子，明天你將會擁有豐厚的收獲?！捌硎咕洌玜nd＋陳述句”表示祈使句與后面的句子是順承關(guān)系?！捌硎咕洌玱r/otherwise＋陳述句”相當于“if＋否定條件狀語從句＋主句”。“名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句”也有上述句式功能，名詞詞組中常含有more,another等詞。Abitmoreeffort,andyou__________(settle)theproblem.Don’tbetootalkative,__________youmayleaveapoorimpressiononothers.Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceedinyourstudies.____________________________________________________________.(祈使句＋and＋陳述句)__________________________________________________.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)提示：題干中加底紋詞匯為上一單元詞匯一詞多義練/熟詞生義練——清除閱讀障礙keenA.adj.熱衷的，渴望的B.adj.強烈的；濃烈的(關(guān)心、興趣)C.adj.靈敏的；敏銳的Asisknowntoall,dogshaveakeensenseofsmell.GiventhatyouarekeenontheChinesetraditionalfestival,DragonBoatFestival,Iamwritingtointroduceittoyouindetail.Hikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourneybecausetheyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.wrapA.vt.裹，包B.vt.用……纏繞(或圍緊)C.n.包裹材料Itwascoldyesterday.Hewrappedascarfaroundhisneck.I’dliketowrapChristmaspresentsinprettypaper.Westockawiderangeofcardsandgiftwrap.快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思Energyexpertspredictthatlimitedresourcesontheeartharerunningout,whicharrestsmanypeople’sattention.Hewrinkledhisforehead,confusedandworriedbythestrangeevent.核心知識強化練——鞏固語言知識isagreatprivilegeformetoshowyouaroundtheheritagesitesinourcity.Toour(disappoint),themandidn’tsubmithisplanonschedule.Topursuemoney,somepeoplekilledendangeredanimalsmercy.Thespecialistwasashamedbeinglateforsuchanimportantmeetingandmissedtheintensediscussion.(seize)thechancetoconsultthespecialistfacetoface,oryouwillregretit.Whenherfathercalledher,shepretended(fall)asleep.Onlywhenallofusjoinhandhandtobannoisepollutionatalllevelscanwehaveabetterenvironment.Somethingunexpectedemerged,soIhadtocanceltheSundaybookstore(appoint)withyou.單句寫作——應(yīng)用文增分練(應(yīng)用文寫作之演講稿)我很榮幸能站在這里發(fā)表一篇關(guān)于保護我們的環(huán)境的演講。(privilege)我們的環(huán)境正在遭受無情的嚴重破壞，像水污染和空氣污染。(mercy)我們不應(yīng)該再假裝什么都沒發(fā)生，現(xiàn)在是時候采取行動了。(pretend)我們攜手努力，就會創(chuàng)造一個更美麗的世界。(handinhand；祈使句＋and＋陳述句)微型寫作——續(xù)寫提能練[教材續(xù)寫語料]情感描寫keenadj.渴望，熱切，熱衷于burdenn.(責任、義務(wù)等的)重擔，負擔guiltyadj.感到內(nèi)疚的，感到慚愧的；有罪的，有過失的ashamedadj.慚愧，羞愧，尷尬disappointedadj.失望的，沮喪的mercyn.仁慈，寬恕→mercifuladj.仁慈的discouragedadj.灰心的rejoicevi.&vt.非常高興，深感欣喜動作描寫forgivevt.&vi.(forgave，forgiven)原諒，寬恕cheatvt.欺騙，蒙騙vi.作弊，舞弊bowvi.鞠躬embracevt.&vi.欣然接受；包含；擁抱[續(xù)寫語料運用]請從以上語料中選擇合適的詞匯，并用適當?shù)倪^渡詞完成以下語段。李平是一名大學(xué)生，熱衷于攝影，所以他參加了這門課程。由于來自山區(qū)，他努力學(xué)習(xí)，試圖獲得獎學(xué)金，以減輕家庭的經(jīng)濟負擔。在獎學(xué)金的誘惑下，他在考試中作弊了，這使他陷入了極度痛苦中。他感到內(nèi)疚，也非常后悔。他甚至睡不著覺。最后，他決定把真相告訴老師。他一走進辦公室，就向老師鞠了一躬，說：“我為我的所作所為感到羞恥，我只是……請原諒我?！苯又难蹨I涌了出來。老師很仁慈，他理解他并且原諒了他，而且緊緊地擁抱了他！LiPingisacollegestudent,.Hecomesfromamountainousareasohestudieshardtryingtoearnthescholarship.Temptedbythescholarship,hecheatedintheexam,.Hefeltguiltyandfullofregret.Heevencouldn’tfallasleep.Atlast,.,hebowedtohisteachersayingthat“,Ionly...Pleaseforgiveme,”.Theteacherwasmerciful.He!詞形變化填空(每小題2分，共14分)Itisgoodmannerstokeepan__________atthe__________time.(appoint)Hewas__________ofhimselftodosuch