非謂語動(dòng)詞用法歸納(語法)

PAGEPAGE4謂語動(dòng)詞用法歸納主動(dòng)被動(dòng)1.doing用在要求動(dòng)詞后；進(jìn)行；伴隨；性質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)；概括；抽象；一般3.havingdone有先后動(dòng)作表完成(一般用在句首)2.beingdone正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)4.havingbeendone用于句首；要求動(dòng)詞后（有過去時(shí)間或過去動(dòng)作）5.todo用在要求動(dòng)詞后；目的；將來；具體7.tohavedone在要求動(dòng)詞后表完成的動(dòng)作(一般用在句中)6.tobedone將來的被動(dòng)8.tohavebeendone用在要求動(dòng)詞后（有過去時(shí)間或過去動(dòng)作）9.done被動(dòng)；完成（一般或普遍時(shí)間）一、表格的用法doing的用法（1）在要求動(dòng)詞后（作賓語）：avoid避免appreciate感激/欣賞acknowledge承認(rèn)/自認(rèn)admit承認(rèn)advocate提倡/主張consider考慮can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了contemplate細(xì)想complete完成confess坦白dislike不喜歡，討厭deserve值得delay延遲deny否認(rèn)dread可怕defer拖延detest嫌惡enjoy享有/喜愛envy嫉妒endure忍受excuse借口escape逃跑/逃避finish完成forgive原諒fancy幻想/愛好favor造成/偏愛figure描繪/計(jì)算hate討厭imagine設(shè)想involve卷入/包含keep保持miss錯(cuò)過mention說到/講到mind介意pardon原諒/饒恕permit允許postpone推遲practice實(shí)行/實(shí)踐prevent阻止quit放棄停止risk冒險(xiǎn)recall回想resist抵抗/阻止resume恢復(fù)repent悔悟resent怨恨stand堅(jiān)持/忍受suggest建議save營救/儲(chǔ)蓄tolerate忍受worth值得Youshouldtrytoavoidmakingmistakes.Thebookisworthreading.Thebookdeservesreading.（2）表進(jìn)行Walkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.=WhenIwaswalkingonthegrassland,Isawasnake.ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhoisspeakingEnglishisTom.（3）表主動(dòng)ThemanspeakingEnglishisTom=ThemanwhospeaksEnglishisTom.=ThemanwhospokeEnglishisTom.Nobodydinksboilingwaterbutboiledwater.=Nobodydinkswaterthatisboilingbutthewaterthathasboiled.（4）表伴隨IstandoutsidewaitingforMr.Chen.Ilieinbedreadinganovel.（5）表性質(zhì)；特點(diǎn)Thefilmisverymoving.Sheisunderstanding,soyouhadbetterdiscussyourbusinesswithher.（6）概括性,一般性Climbingmountainisveryinteresting.Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．在高峰時(shí)刻開車令人厭煩。(概括性,一般性)Ourworkisservingthepeople．（7）動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語為；①人稱代詞的所有格+動(dòng)名詞；②名詞's+動(dòng)名詞。例如：

Tominsistedonmygoingwiththem．他堅(jiān)持要我和他們一起去。

Hedislikeshiswife'sworkinglate．他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。2.beingdone表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)TheboybeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.=TheboywhoisbeingcriticizedbyMr.ChenisTom.BeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,theboyfeltsad.=WhentheboywasbeingcriticizedbyMr.Chen,hefeltsad.Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.=Thebuildingthatisbeingbuiltwillbethetallestoneinthiscity.3.havingdone有先后動(dòng)作表完成(一般用在句首)Havingfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.=AfterIhadfinishedtheclass,Iwenthome.Havingdonethework,Ihadashortrest.=AfterIhaddonethework,Ihadashortrest.Havingdonethework,Iwentbackhome.Havingbeendone,theworkwascheckedbytheleaders.4.havingbeendone用于句首；有先后動(dòng)作表完成有先后動(dòng)作表完成,（有過去時(shí)間或過去動(dòng)作）Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.(要求動(dòng)詞后)=IappreciatethatIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.Havingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,Istillappreciateyourhelpthen.=BecauseIwasgiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago,IstillappreciateyourhelpthenIappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.IenjoygivingtheopportunitytostudyabroadtoMr.Wang.Iappreciatebeinggiventheopportunitytostudyabroadnow.Havingbeenfinished,thereportwasturnedin.=Afterthereporthadbeenfinished,itwasturnedin.5.todo的用法:(1)用在要求動(dòng)詞后:接todo的動(dòng)詞（作賓語）attempt企圖afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起arrange安排appear似乎，顯得ask問agree同意believe認(rèn)為、相信begin開始beg請求bother擾亂/煩惱care關(guān)心，喜歡choose選擇claim要求consent同意，贊同contrive設(shè)法，圖謀demand要求destine注定determine決定dread害怕desire愿望decide決定enable能夠expect期望endeavor努力fail不能hate憎恨/厭惡happen碰巧hesitate猶豫hope希望intend想要incline有…傾向long渴望love愛learn學(xué)習(xí)mean意欲，打算manage設(shè)法neglect忽視need需要omit忽略，漏offer提供pretend假裝plan計(jì)劃prefer喜歡/寧愿prepare準(zhǔn)備profess表明promise承諾/允許propose提議refuse拒絕swear宣誓start開始seek找/尋覓try試圖undertake承接volunteer志愿vow起wish希望want想要(2)表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作(做表語)。

Ourworkistoservethepeople．ThepersontodothejobisTom.=ThepersonwhowilldothejobisTom.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．一次做兩件事等于未做。

WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.我的建議是立刻開始干。如果主語是不定式（表示條件），表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）。

Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。

Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．工作就是為了生活。如果主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等為中心的名詞，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式作表語是對主語起補(bǔ)充說明作用。

Hiswishistobuyaluxuriouscarinthenearfuture．他的希望是在不遠(yuǎn)的將來買一輛豪華轎車。

ThefunctionofLouisSullivan'sarchitecturewastoprovidelargeuninterruptedfloorareasandtoallowamplelightintotheinterior.

Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemaboutthefutureoftheplant．省to的動(dòng)詞不定式

1）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(除ought外，oughtto)：

2）使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make；在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.

3）感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。

Isawhimdance.=hewasseentodance.

注：感官動(dòng)詞還可以接現(xiàn)在分詞，表示一個(gè)（短暫）動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；不定式則表示動(dòng)作的整個(gè)過程。Isawhimdance.（整個(gè)跳舞的過程）Isawhimdancing.（我看見他時(shí)，他正在跳舞。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生）Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smokedfindsb.doingsth意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”。

4）表示個(gè)人意愿或傾向的wouldrather，hadbetter，might(just)aswell：ratherthan置于句首時(shí)。

Ratherthanrideonacrowdedbus,healwayspreferstorideabike.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweek,better________it—you’vegotsomebigbillscoming.A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget

5）why…/whynot…

6）help可帶to，也可不帶to,helpsb(to)dosth：

7）but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式；是其他動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要帶to。Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.8）不定式做表語時(shí)，一般要帶to，但若主語部分中含有do的各種形式時(shí)，符號(hào)to可省去。

We'vemissedthelastbus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.

9）通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand等詞后，可以省去tobe：

Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。

10）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定時(shí)短語由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對比、對照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarryThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.6.tobedone將來的被動(dòng)Theworktobefinishedtomorrowisimportant.=Theworkthatwillbefinishedtomorrowisimportant.=Theworkthatistobedoneisdifficulttofinish.7．tohavedone在要求動(dòng)詞后表完成的動(dòng)作(一般用在句中)Mr.Chenissaidtohavedonethejob.=Mr.Chenissaidthathedidthejob.Chinesemen’basketballteamisreportedtohaveacceptedagoodtrainingbeforetheOlympicGames.=Chinesemen’basketballteamisreportedthattheyacceptedagoodtrainingbeforetheOlympicGames.8.tohavebeendone用在要求動(dòng)詞后（有過去時(shí)間或過去動(dòng)作）ThejobissaidtohavebeendonebyMr.Chen.=ThejobissaidthatitwasdonebyMr.Chen.9.done被動(dòng)；完成（一般或普遍時(shí)間）Seenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.=Whenitisseenfromthemoon,theearthlookslikeablueball.Theworkdoneisimportant.=Theworkthathasbeendoneisimportant=TheworkthatwasdoneisimportantPeoplecannotbutfeelpuzzled，fortheysimplycannotunderstandhowhecouldhavemadesuchastupidmistake.二、出題形式1．空格在句首：（1）句子分前后兩部分，后面分句的主語能發(fā)出前面的動(dòng)作，前面空格用主動(dòng)，否則用被動(dòng)；（2）beinterestedin;befacedwith;bedevotedto;bedelightedwith;beaddictedto;beseatedon;bedressedin;(be)used/accustomedto;bearmedwith;beinvolvedin;beconcernedabout/with;beattachedto;等在句首只能用--ed形式Facedwithsomanydifficulties,Iworkhardeveryday.Devotedtomywork;Icarenothingelse.2．空格在句中：（1）空格前面的名詞能發(fā)出后面的動(dòng)作，空格用主動(dòng)，否則用被動(dòng)（2）要求動(dòng)詞（后接doing的動(dòng)詞；后接todo的動(dòng)詞）(3)有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別

forgettodo忘記要去做某事（此事未做）forgetdoing忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）

stoptodo停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事

remembertodo記住去做某事（未做）rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)

regrettodo對要做的事遺憾regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔

trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法

meantodo打算，有意要…meandoing意味著

goontodo繼而（去做另外一件事情）goondoing繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）

proposetodo打算（要做某事）proposingdoing建議（做某事）like/love/hate/prefer+todo表示具體行為；+doingsth表示抽象、傾向概念I(lǐng)tis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.

Itisnousecrying.哭沒有用。Itisnogoodobjecting.反對也沒有用。

Itisagreatfunplayingfootball．打籃球很有趣。Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain．設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

Itis+useless(nice,good，interesting,expensive等形容詞)+doingsth．

Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．真高興又遇到了你。

ItisgoodPlayingchessaftersupper．晚飯后弈棋挺好。Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。3．空格在句尾：（1）物+need,want,deserve,demand,require+doing(=tobedone)Theblackboardneedscleaning.=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.（2）參考使役動(dòng)詞make;let;get;have的用法Sb(1)makessb(2)do前面的人讓/叫/使后面的人做某事Mr.ChenmakesusdoEnglishexercise.Sb(1)makessb(2)doing前面的人讓/叫/使后面的人一直做某事（有前提條件，表示抱怨或發(fā)牢騷）Mr.ChenistoostrictonourEnglishstudyandhealwaysmakesusdoingEnglishexercise.Sb(2)ismadetodo某人被讓/叫/使去做某事WearemadetodoEnglishexercise.Sbmakesoneself/one’spointdone某人讓/叫/使自己或自己的話/觀點(diǎn)讓別人聽懂Mr.ChenspeaksEnglishslowlyinordertomakehimselfunderstoodintheclass.Sbmakessthdone某人把/讓/叫/使某事給別人做Ihavemyhaircut.Sbhasdonesth某人已經(jīng)做完了某事Ihavecutmyhair.（3）不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，這里的介詞不能省去。

Ineedapentowritewith．我需要一支筆寫字。

Thereisnothingtoworryabout．沒有什么值得發(fā)愁的。Ifi