高考閱讀填空七選五7選5答題技巧及練習(xí)及高考閱讀真題

閱讀填空七選五答題技巧及練習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)閱讀七選五題型要求考生從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容上的聯(lián)系，理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系，對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)和熟練的把握，并具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力?？梢哉f(shuō)，此題型是對(duì)語(yǔ)言能力和閱讀理解能力的綜合測(cè)試。

一、解題步驟

1、通讀全文，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行快速瀏覽，尋找主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容。

在閱讀過(guò)程中，要注意文章的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因?yàn)椤伴_(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫(xiě)作方式為常見(jiàn)的寫(xiě)作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說(shuō)明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡(jiǎn)要指出文章的寫(xiě)作思路，有時(shí)甚至?xí)蕴峋V的形式進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。首段的末句對(duì)于快速掌握文章的主題具有重要意義，如果它是文章的主題句，就可以使讀者迅速明確文章情節(jié)將如何展開(kāi)，并對(duì)文章的寫(xiě)作主題有了整體的了解。如果末句不是主題句，則需要繼續(xù)尋找。這時(shí)，可以考慮文章的寫(xiě)作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式，如兩者均可排除，則需在文章中其他段落尋找主題句，但要注意，首段與末段的提示作用。

2、詳讀段落，在短時(shí)間內(nèi)，找出每段寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。

文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落。各段落會(huì)根據(jù)整體文章寫(xiě)作主題展開(kāi)，對(duì)文章主體進(jìn)行的不同方面的描述。找出各個(gè)小段落中的關(guān)鍵詞，明確其描述內(nèi)容，為整體試題的解決做好鋪墊。閱讀各個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀文章的開(kāi)始部分、明確文章的基本話題以后，要閱讀五個(gè)空各自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來(lái)。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組）、專(zhuān)有名詞、時(shí)間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等。

重點(diǎn)閱讀各個(gè)問(wèn)題附近的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時(shí)可以采用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或拿不準(zhǔn)，可先放過(guò)，繼續(xù)往下讀，先做容易的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨、各個(gè)段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了。

3、定位選項(xiàng)，明確各備選選項(xiàng)的含義，抓住其關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容，將選項(xiàng)填入文中，填寫(xiě)時(shí)尤為注意各選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標(biāo)志詞。

在定位選項(xiàng)時(shí)，要特別注意空格上下段的寫(xiě)作內(nèi)容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義。將所選項(xiàng)放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語(yǔ)義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語(yǔ)境。能否承接前后的寫(xiě)作線索。使文章無(wú)論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。

一篇文章作為一個(gè)整體，是有其寫(xiě)作的線索與思路的，在選項(xiàng)定位中，要尤其注意文章的寫(xiě)作線索，文章的寫(xiě)作思路的連貫使文章的每個(gè)段落、每個(gè)句子甚至每個(gè)短語(yǔ)均融為一體。如果帶入選項(xiàng)后，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章寫(xiě)作線索中斷或是前后矛盾，應(yīng)更換其它選項(xiàng)。

4、通讀復(fù)檢，將所選答案代入文中，再次通讀全文，重點(diǎn)考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。

在完成選項(xiàng)定位后，應(yīng)通讀全文，檢查文章內(nèi)容是否完整，語(yǔ)義是否連貫合理、各段落內(nèi)容是否緊扣主題，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫(xiě)作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)貼切，從而判斷選擇的答案是否正確。同時(shí)，我們還應(yīng)注意對(duì)相近選項(xiàng)的對(duì)比分析，個(gè)別干擾項(xiàng)由于與某個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容相近具有很強(qiáng)的干擾性，這時(shí)就需要我們認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)甄別，排除干擾，從而得出正確選項(xiàng)。

5、確定排除，研究多余選項(xiàng)，確定排除理由，最終確定答案。

盡管答案都已經(jīng)確定，但是為了避免失誤，對(duì)多余的選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究，確定它們和文章的主題和前后句意沒(méi)有關(guān)聯(lián)性之后，才是最終的結(jié)果。

二、解題技巧

技巧一：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷---因果關(guān)系

在做題時(shí)最重要的是要讀懂空白前后的句子，明白這幾句話的確切意思，然后根據(jù)意思的連貫性或邏輯性從選項(xiàng)中選取正確答案。在讀懂意思的基礎(chǔ)上，判斷它們之間的關(guān)系來(lái)進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)答案。因果關(guān)系主要指前后的句子有著原因和結(jié)果之間的關(guān)系，這種關(guān)系往往說(shuō)明了前因后果或者前果后因等情況。表示因果關(guān)系的連詞有Asaresult結(jié)果------，thus/therefore因此，so(such)...如此------以至于等。

技巧二：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷---轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句構(gòu)成逆轉(zhuǎn)邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的逆轉(zhuǎn)，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯的句子。表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連接詞有：However然而,nevertheless仍然，然而，不過(guò),nonetheless盡管如此，依然，然而,still還；然而,though可是，不過(guò)，然而,yet然而,inspiteof不顧，不管,atanyrate無(wú)論如何，至少,inanycase無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣,whoever無(wú)論是誰(shuí),whatever無(wú)論什么，onthecontrary正相反,incontrast與此相反,相比之下,bycontrast相反,相比之下,incomparison比較起來(lái)，比較地,bycomparison相比之下,conversely相反(地),otherwise否則；除此以外，not---but不是-----而是，aswell也等。

技巧三：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷---例證關(guān)系

前后句的某句是為了證明另一句而舉的例子。例證的形式多樣，但就其本質(zhì)而言無(wú)非是思維上的形象（例子、類(lèi)比等）和抽象（觀點(diǎn)）的辯證關(guān)系，用到的思維過(guò)程無(wú)非就是基本的歸納（從例子到觀點(diǎn)）和推理（從觀點(diǎn)到例子）。

技巧四：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷---遞進(jìn)關(guān)系

遞進(jìn)關(guān)系主要指英語(yǔ)行文中后句對(duì)前句是一種順承邏輯關(guān)系。如果空格前后兩句話之間是邏輯上的層進(jìn)關(guān)系，則空格處很有可能是個(gè)遞進(jìn)的句子。表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的連詞有：also也,而且,further另外(的)；,furthermore而且，此外,likewise同樣地，照樣地；也，又,similarly相似地，類(lèi)似地,moreover而且再者，此外,inaddition另外，加之,what’smore更重要的是,too也，還,either也,neither兩者都不,notonly…butalso不但…而且等。

技巧五：從細(xì)節(jié)邏輯上判斷---平列關(guān)系

表示列舉關(guān)系的有：first首先,第一,second第二,third第三…;firstly第一,首先,secondly第二(點(diǎn))；其次,thirdly第三…;first第一,next其次,then那么,然后…;inthefirstplace第一，首先,inthesecondplace第二,其次…;foronething首先，一則,foranotherthing其次…;tobeginwith首先，第一,toconclude首先，第一等

技巧六：從詞匯線索上判斷---代詞

英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。

技巧七：從詞匯線索上判斷---同義詞/近義詞

英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。其實(shí)就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。

技巧八：從詞匯線索上判斷---上下義詞/同一范疇詞

上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說(shuō)后者是前者的一個(gè)子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。

技巧九：從試題位置上判斷---問(wèn)題在段首

假如問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)在段首，它通常是段落主題句。認(rèn)真閱讀后文內(nèi)容，根據(jù)段落一致性原則，查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。另外著重閱讀后文第一兩句，鎖定線索信號(hào)詞，然后在選項(xiàng)中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的，因此這兩句間會(huì)有某種的銜接手段，尤其當(dāng)選項(xiàng)是幾句話時(shí)。

技巧十：從試題位置上判斷---問(wèn)題在段尾所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容。如果在選項(xiàng)中找不出與前文之間的關(guān)聯(lián)，此時(shí)可考慮與下一段開(kāi)頭是否有一定的銜接。認(rèn)真閱讀下一段開(kāi)頭幾句，看是否與選項(xiàng)的最后一句緊密連接起來(lái)。分析與前文是轉(zhuǎn)折或是對(duì)比關(guān)系。此時(shí)要注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對(duì)比的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，同時(shí)注意選項(xiàng)中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對(duì)立、對(duì)比關(guān)系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要認(rèn)真閱讀，看此處是細(xì)節(jié)還是主題。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主題，如果在段尾提出主題，會(huì)用一些信號(hào)詞如轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出來(lái)，正確答案中應(yīng)有這樣的特征詞。段尾通常是結(jié)論、概括性語(yǔ)句。注意在選項(xiàng)中查找表示結(jié)果、結(jié)論、總結(jié)等的信號(hào)詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等詞語(yǔ)，選項(xiàng)中也可發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。練習(xí)：(一)BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences.36

Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunately，we’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfrom，liedto，misled，orcheatedon，therearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore.37

It’sunderstandable，butifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagain，wehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.?38

Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutcomewouldbeforyourwellbeing.?39

Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed，youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha

“victimmentality”．Atsomepointinallofourlives，we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.?Youdidn’tlose

“everything”．Oncetrustislost，whatisleft?Insteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessangle，lookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife.40

Instead，it’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A．Learntoreallytrustyourself.B．Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C．Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D．Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E．They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F．Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G．Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.(二)Trainingforamarathonrequirescarefulpreparationandsteady，gradualincreasesinthelengthoftheruns.16

，buythebestfitting，bestbuiltrunningshoesyoucanfind.Noonecansaywhichbrandwillworkbestforyouorfeelbestonyourfeet，soyouhavetorelyonyourexperienceandonthefeelofeachpairasyoushop.Whenyouhavefoundshoesthatseemright，walkinthemforafewdaystodouble-checkthefit.17

.Asalways，youshouldstretch(伸展)atleasttenminutesbeforeeachruntopreventinjuries.Duringthefirstweek，donotthinkaboutdistance，butrunfiveminuteslongereachday.18

，itiswisetotakeadayofftorest.Butduringthenextweek，setagoalofatleastamileandahalfperrun.19

.Aftertwoweeks，starttimingyourself.20

.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter，youcansetupatimetablefortheremainingweeksbeforetherace.A．AftersixdaysB．ForagoodmarathonrunnerC．BeforeyoubeginyourtrainingD．Witheachday，increasethedistancebyahalfmileE．Iftheystillfeelgood，youcanbeginrunninginthemF．TimespentforpreparationraisesthequalityoftrainingG．Nowyouarereadytofigureoutagoalofimprovingdistanceandtime(三)ThisWaytoDreamlandDaydreamingmeanspeoplethinkaboutsomethingpleasant，especiallywhenthismakesthemforgetwhattheyshouldbedoing.Daydreamershaveabadreputationforbeingunawareofwhat’shappeningaroundthem.Theycanseemforgetfulandclumsy.71

Theyannoyusbecausetheyseemtobeignoringusandmissingtheimportantthings.Butdaydreamersarealsoresponsibleforsomeofthegreatestideasandachievementsinhumanhistory.72

Canyouimaginewhatkindofworldwewouldhavewithoutsuchideasandinventions?Sohowcanyoucomeupwithbrilliantdaydreamsandavoidfallingovertreerootsorotherwiselookinglikeafool?First，understandthatsomeopportunities(機(jī)會(huì))fordaydreamingarebetterthanothers.Feelingsafeandrelaxedwillhelpyoutoslipintodaydreams.73

Andifyouwanttoimproveyourchancesofhavingacreativeideawhileyou’redaydreaming，trytodoitwhileyouareinvolvedinanothertask—preferablysomethingsimple，liketakingashowerorwalking，orevenmakingmeaninglessdrawings.It’salsoimportanttoknowhowtoavoiddaydreamsforthosetimeswhenyoureallyneedtoconcentrate.“Mindfulness”，beingfocused，isatoolthatsomepeopleusetoavoidfallingasleep.74Finally，youneverknowwhatwonderfulideamightstrikewhileyourmindhasmovedslowlyaway.75Alwaysrememberthatyourbestideasmightcomewhenyourheadisactuallyintheclouds.A．Havinginterestingthingstothinkaboutalsohelps.B．Theystareoffintospaceandwanderbythemselves.C．Withoutwanderingminds，wewouldn’thaverelativity，CokeorPostitnotes.D．Atonetime，daydreamingwasthoughttobeacauseofsomementalillnesses.E．Itinvolvesslow，steadybreathingforself-controlthathelpspeoplestaycalmandattentive.F．Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect，quiteunlikesleepdreams，whichmaybehardtounderstand.G．Therefore，it’sagoodideatokeepanotebookorvoicerecordernearbywhenyou’reinthedaydreamzone.(四)Thejobsofthefuturehavenotyetbeeninvented.36

Byhelpingthemdevelopclassicskillsthatwillservethemwellnomatterwhatthefutureholds.1．CuriosityYourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.37

Askkids，“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime？”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter？Whatcouldwetrynexttime?2．CreativityTruecreativityistheabilitytotakesomethingexistingandcreatesomethingnewfromit.38

Thereareadozendifferentthingsyoucandowiththem.Experimentingwithmaterialstocreatesomethingnewcangoalongwayinhelpingthemdeveloptheircreativity.3．InterpersonalSkillsUnderstandinghowothersfeelcanbeachallengeforkids.Weknowwhat’sgoingoninsideourownhead，butwhataboutothers？Beingabletoreadpeoplehelpskidsfrommisreadingasituationandjumpingtofalseconclusions.39

“Whydoyouthinkshe’scrying？”“Canyoutellhowthatmanisfeelingbylookingathisface？”“Ifsomeoneweretodothattoyou，howwouldyoufeel？”4．SelfExpression40

Therearemanywaystoexpressthoughtsandideas—music，acting，drawing，building，photography.Youmayfindthatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.A．Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B．Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C．Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D．Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?E．Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F．Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.G．Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.(五)TipsforCookingonaTightScheduleFrommyexperience，therearethreemainreasonswhypeopledon’tcookmoreoften：ability，money，andtime.16

MoneyisatopicI’llsaveforanotherday.SotodayIwanttogiveyousomewisdomabouthowtomakethemostofthetimeyouspendinthekitchen.Herearethreetipsforgreatcookingonatightschedule：1．Thinkahead.ThemomentswhenIthinkcookingisapainarewhenI’malreadyhungryandthere’snothingreadytoeat.Sothinkaheadofthecomingweek.Whenwillyouhavetimetocook？Doyouhavetherightmaterialsalready？172．Makeyourtimeworthit.Whenyoudofindtimetocookameal，makethemostofitandsaveyourselftimelateron.Areyoumakingoneloafofbread？18

Ittakesaroundthesameamountoftimetomakemoreofsomething.Sosaveyourselftheeffortforafuturemeal.3．19

Thismaysurpriseyou，butoneofthebesttoolsformakingcookingworthyourtimeisexperimentation.Itgivesyouthechancetohituponnewideasandrecipesthatcanworkwellwithyourappetiteandschedule.Themoreyoulearnandthemoreyoutry，themoreabilityyouhavetotakecontrolofyourfoodandyourschedule.Hopefullythatgivesyouagoodstart.20

Anddon’tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!A．Trynewthings.B．Abilityiseasilyimproved.C．Makethreeorfourinstead.D．Understandyourfoodbetter.E．Cookingisaburdenformanypeople.F．Letcookingandlivingsimplybeajoyratherthanaburden.G．Alittletimeplanningaheadcansavealotofworklateron.(六)Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment，theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight，butit’seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：?Scheduleyearlyexams.36

Expertsadviseparentstobringbabies6to12monthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment，includingeyeglasses.?ProtectagainstUVrays(紫外線)．Long-termstayinthesuncreatesrisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis，it’sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.37

.?Giveyoureyesabreak.TwothirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.38

Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepracticethe20/20/20rule：every20minutes，takea20secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.?39

Aspartofahealthydiet，eatmorefruitsandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(維生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.?Practicesafewearandcareofcontactlenses(隱形眼鏡)．ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses，manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.40

Otherwise，youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes，painintheeyes，oramoreseriouscondition.A．Eatyourgreens.B．Eyecareshouldbeginearlyinlife.C．Theycanproperlyprotectyoureyes.D．Stayingoodshapebytakingmorevitamins.E．Parentsusuallydon’tcareabouttheirowneyesight.F．Alwaysfollowthedoctor’sadviceforappropriatewear.G．Thisfrequenteyeactivityincreasestheriskforeyetiredness.(七)EvaluatingSources(來(lái)源)ofHealthInformationMakinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindrelevantinformation，howtoseparatefactfromopinion，howtorecognizepoorreasoning，andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported，anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior

“contributesto”oris

“associatedwith”anoutcome；thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73

Carefullyreadorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue，probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulofinformationcontainedinadvertisements.74

Evaluate

“scientific”statementscarefully，andbeawareofquackery(江湖騙術(shù))．75

Friendsandfamilymemberscanbeagreatsourceofideasandinspiration，buteachofusneedstofindahealthylifestylethatworksforus.Developingtheabilitytoevaluatereasonablyandindependentlyabouthealthproblemswillserveyouwellthroughoutyourlife.A．Makechoicesthatarerightforyou.B．Thegoalofanadistosellyousomething.C．Besuretoworkthroughthecriticalquestions.D．Andexaminethefindingsoftheoriginalresearch.E．Distinguishbetweenresearchreportsandpublichealthadvice.F．Beawarethatinformationmayalsobeincorrectlyexplainedbyanauthor’spointofview.G．Thefollowingsuggestionscanhelpyousortthroughthehealthinformationyoureceivefromcommonsources.高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題及答案(9套)Ourbrainsworkincomplexandstrangeways.Therearesomepeoplewhocancalculatethedayoftheweekforanygivendatein40,000years,butwhocannotaddtwoplustwo.Otherscanperformcomplexclassicalpianopiecesafterhearingthemonce,buttheycannotreadorwrite.Dr.J.LangdonDownfirstdescribedthisconditionin1887.Hecalledthesepeopleidiotsavants.Anidiotsavantisapersonwhohassignificantmentalimpairment(損傷),suchasinautism(孤獨(dú)癥，自閉癥)orretardation.Atthesametime,thepersonalsoexhibitssomeextraordinaryskills,whichareunusualformostpeople.Theskillsofthesavantmayvaryfrombeingexceptionallygiftedinmusicorinmathematics,orhavingaphotographicmemory.Oneofthefirstdescriptionsofahumanwhocouldcalculatequicklywaswrittenin1789byDr.BenjaminRush,anAmericandoctor.Hispatient,ThomasFuller,wasbroughttoVirginiaasaslavein1724.IttookThomasonly90secondstoworkoutthatamanwhohaslived70years,17days,and12hourshaslived2,210,500,800seconds.Despitethisability,hediedin1790withouteverlearningtoreadorwrite.Anotheridiotsavantslavebecamefamousasapianistinthe1860s.BlindTomhadavocabularyofonly100words,butheplayed5,000musicalpiecesbeautifully.IntheexcellentmovieRainMan,madein1988andavailableonvideocassette,DustinHoffmanplaysanidiotsavantwhoamazeshisbrotherplayedbyTomCruise,withhisabilitytoperformcomplexcalculationsveryrapidly.Todaywemoreclearlyrecognizethattheidiotsavantisspecialbecauseofbrainimpairment.Yetnotallbrainimpairmentleadstosavantskills.Somestudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohavepurposefulinterruptionoftheleftsideofthebraincandevelopidiotsavantskills.Howeverfewpeoplewishtoparticipateinsuchexperiments.Therearemanyexcellentreasonsfornotundergoingunnecessaryexperimentationonone'sbrain.Thetermidiotsavantisoutdatedandinappropriate.Virtuallyallsavantshaveahighdegreeofintelligenceandarethusnotidiots.72.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Idiotsavantshaveareasofoutstandingabilities.B.HumanBeingshavecomplicatedthinkingprocess.C.Thebrainsoftheidiotsavantsarepartlyimpaired.D.Thereasonswhypeoplehavewonderfulskillsvary.73.WhichofthefollowingcanbedonebyRainMan?A.Hecanplaywonderfulpiecesofclassicalmusic.B.Hecanguessoutexactlythelengthofaman'slife.C.Hecanmemorizethecontentsofthepicturesfast.D.Hecancountmatchesdroppedonthefloorquickly.74.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Idiotsavantshaverealtalentsforartandmath.B.Dr.Downisthefirstpersonwhofoundidiotsavants.C.Fewpeoplewishtoriskbecomingsavantsbybrainoperations.D.Intentionalleftbrainimpairmentswillsurelyleadtoidiotsavants.75.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?答案：72—75ADCBLawsthatwouldhaveensuredpupilsfromfiveto16receivedafullfinancialeducationgotlostinthe‘washup’.Anapplicationiscallingonthenextgovernmenttobringitback.Atschoolthechildrenaretaughttoaddupandsubtract(減法)but,extraordinarily,arenotroutinelyshownhowtoopenabankaccount—letalonehowtomanagetheirfinancesinanincreasinglycomplexanddemandingworld.TodaytheparentingwebsiteMumsnetandtheconsumercampaignerMartinLewishavejoinedforcestolaunchanonlineapplicationtomakefinancialeducationacompulsoryelementoftheschoolcurriculuminEngland.Childrenfromfiveto16shouldbetaughtabouteverythingfrompocketmoneytopensions,theysay.AndthatwasexactlytheplanpreservedintheChildren,SchoolsandFamiliesbillthatwasshelvedbythegovernmentintheso-called“wash-up”earlierthismonth—therushtolegislationbeforeparliamentwasdismissed.Consumerandparentgroupsbelievefinancialeducationhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostfrustratingomissionsofthecurriculum.AsthePersonalFinanceEducationGroup(Pfeg)pointsout,thegoodhabitsofyoungchildrendonotlastlong.Over75%ofseven-to11-year-oldsaresaversbutbythetimetheygetto17,overhalfofthemareindebttofamilyandfriends.Bythisage,26%seeacreditcardoroverdraft(透支)asawayofextendingtheirspendingpower.Pfegpredictsthattheseyoungpeoplewill“finditmuchhardertoavoidtheseriousunexpecteddangersthathavebefallenmanyoftheirparents'generationunlesstheyreceivegoodqualityfinancialeducationwhileatschool.”TheUKhasbeenintheworstfinancialrecession(衰退)forgenerations.Itdoesseemoddthat—unlessparentsstepin—youngpeopleareleftinthedarkuntiltheyarecruellyintroducedtotheworldofdebtwhentheyturnupatuniversity.Inarecentpollofover8,000people,97%supportedfinancialeducationinschools,while3%saiditwasajobforparents.61.Thepassageismainlyabout_____________.A.howtomanageschoollessonsB.howtodealwiththefinancialcrisisC.teachingyoungpeopleaboutmoneyD.teachingstudentshowtostudyeffectively62.Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthat__________.A.theauthorcomplainsabouttheschooleducationB.pupilsshouldnotbetaughttoaddupandsubtractC.studentshavebeentaughttomanagetheirfinancesD.lawsonfinancialeducationhavebeeneffectivelycarriedout63.Thewebsiteandtheconsumercampaignerjoinedto_________.A.instructthepupilstodonatetheirpocketmoneyB.promotetheconnectionofschoolsandfamiliesC.askthegovernmenttodismisstheparliamentD.appealforthecurriculumoffinancialeducation64.AccordingtoPfeg,___________.A.itiseasytokeepgoodhabitslongB.teenagersspendtheirmoneyasplannedC.parentsarewillingtopaythedebtfortheirkidsD.itwillbeintroubleiftheteenagersareleftalone65.Apollismentionedto___________.A.stressthenecessityofthecurriculumreformB.showtheseriousnessofthefinancialrecessionC.makethereadersawareofburdenoftheparentsD.illustratesomepeoplearestronglyagainsttheproposal答案：61-65CADDAuropeansshouldtrytostayindoorsifashfromIceland'svolcanostartssettling,theWorldHealthOrganizationwarnedFridayassmallamountsfellinIceland,ScotlandandNorway.WHOspokesmanDanielEpsteinsaidthemicroscopic(微小的)ashispotentiallydangerousforpeoplewhenitstartstoreachtheEarthbecauseinhaled(吸入)particlescanenterthelungsandcauserespiratoryproblems.AndhealsosaidEuropeanswhogooutsidemightwanttoconsiderwearingamask.Otherexperts,however,weren'tconvincedthevolcanicashwouldhaveamajoreffectonpeoples'healthandsaidWHO'swarningswere"hysterical."Theysaidvolcanicashwasmuchlessdangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.Volcanicashismadeoffineparticlesoffragmentedvolcanicrock.Itislightgraytoblackandcanbeasfineastalcumpowder.Duringavolcaniceruption,theashcanbebreatheddeepintothelungsandcauseirritationeveninhealthypeople.Butonceitfallsfromagreaterdistance—likefromthecloudcurrentlyhoveringaboveEurope—itshealtheffectsareoftenminimal,expertssay."Notallparticlesarecreatedequal,"saidKenDonaldson,aprofessorofrespiratorytoxicologyattheUniversityofDr.StephenSpiro,aprofessorofrespiratorymedicineanddeputychairoftheBritishLungFoundation,saidthefurthertheparticlestravel,thelessdangeroustheywillbe."ThecloudhasalreadypassedovernorthernScotlandandwehaven'theardofanyilleffectsthere,"hesaid.Spirosaidtowearmasksorstayindoorstoavoidvolcanicashwas"overthetop"and"abithysterical."60.Thetextismainlyabout.A.theeffectofvolcanicashB.thehealthriskofvolcanicashC.thedisadvantagesofvolcanicashD.theopinionsonhealthriskofvolcanicash61.WhichoneistrueaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Thevolcanicash’seffectsonEuropeanswerelittle.B.Theashcausedirritationeveninhealthypeople.C.OtherexpertsthoughtWTO’Swarningswereuseful.D.Thevolcanicashwasmoredangerousthancigarettesmokeorpollution.62.Theunderlinedword“hysterical”inParagraph4mostprobablymeans.A.amazingB.practicalC.valuableD.overstated63.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thevolcanicashwouldn’tbeharmfultopeople.B.Allexpertsthoughtthevolcanicashdidgreatharmtoourhealth.C.Peopleclosetothevolcanowouldlikelybeatriskaccordingtosomeexperts.D.EuropeansshouldstayindoorsbecauseIceland'svolcanostartssettling.答案：60.D.主旨大意題。本文主要就火山灰對(duì)人的健康的危害問(wèn)題世衛(wèi)組織和其他專(zhuān)家給出不同觀點(diǎn)。A太籠統(tǒng);B不能體現(xiàn)不同的觀點(diǎn);C與文章內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān);D符合題意。61.A.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段最后一句可知A是正確的;由第三段中Duringavolcaniceruption……inhealthypeople.可知B錯(cuò)誤;由第三段中Otherexperts,however,weren'tconvinced……cigarettesmokeorpollution可排除CD。62.D.詞義猜測(cè)題。由上文中volcanicashisnotallthatharmful和下文中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk可知D正確,夸大的，言過(guò)其實(shí)的。63.C.由第三段Butonceitfallsfromagreaterdistance…..effectsareoftenminimal和第四段中onlythoseinthenearvicinityoftheIcelandicvolcanowouldlikelybeatrisk以及第五段中thefurthertheparticlestravel,themoredilutedandlessdangeroustheywillbe可知C正確。ABD觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)絕對(duì)。Fearanditscompanionpainaretwoofthemostusefulthingsthatmanandanimalspossessiftheyareused.Iffiredidn’thurtwhenitburned,childrenwouldplaywithituntiltheirhandswereburnedaway.Similarly,ifpainexistedbutfeardidn’t,achildcouldburnitselfagainandagainbecausefearwouldnotwarnittokeepawayfromthefirethathadburntitbefore.Areallyfearlesssoldier—andsomedoexist—isnotagoodsoldierbecauseheissoonkilled;andadeadsoldierisofnousetohisarmy.Fearandpainarethereforetwoguardswithoutwhichmanandanimalsmightsoondieout.Inourfirstsentencewesuggestedthatfearoughttobeproperlyused.If,forexample,younevergooutofyourhousebecauseofthedangerofbeingknockeddownandkilledinthestreetbyacar,youarelettingfearruleyoutoomuch.Theimportantthingisnottoletfearruleyou,butinstead,tousefearasyourservantandguide.Fearwillwarnyouofdangers;thenyouhavetodecidewhatactiontotake.Inmanycases,youcantakequickandsuccessfulactiontoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youseeacarcomingstraighttowardsyou;fearwarnsyou,youjumpoutoftheway,andalliswell.Insomecases,however,youdecidethatthereisnothingthatyoucandotoavoidthedanger.Forexample,youcannotpreventanairplanecrashingintoyourhouse,andyoumaynotwanttogoandliveinadesertwheretherearenoairplanes.Inthiscase,fearhasgivenyouitswarning,youhaveexamineditanddecidedonyourcourseofaction,sofearoftheparticulardangerisnolongerofanyusetoyou,andyouhavetotrytoovercomeit.60.Ch