河北省正定中學2020-2021學年高一下學期開學考試英語試題WORD版含解析

河北正定中學高一開學考試英語試卷第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（共5小題）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whattimewillthespeakersleave?A.Atabout1:40.B.Atabout1:50.C.Atabout2:30.2.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.Brushherteeth.B.Washherhair.C.Haveabath.3.WhatdoesthemanthinkofJack'sFrenchlearning?A.It'llbeexpensive.B.It'llbechallenging.C.It'llbeeasy.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inthelibrary.B.Intherestaurant.C.Athome.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anactionfilm.B.Anadventurestory.C.Aclasstask.第二節(jié)（共15小題）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各個小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredidthewomanfindthediary?A.Underthesofa.B.Behindthepiano.C.Undertheclothes.7.Whatisthemanlike?A.Untidy.B.Selfish.C.Dishonest.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whydoesthemancallthewoman?A.Toaskwheresheis.B.Totellherwhentomeet.C.Tochangethemeetingplace.9.Wheredothespeakersusuallymeet?A.Bythestatue.B.Bythepostoffice.C.Bythecashmachine.10.Howlongdidthewomanwaitfortheman?A.20minutes.B.30minutes.C.60minutes.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatistheman'sprojectabout?A.Theanimals.B.Thedeserts.C.Therainforest.12.Whatmakesthewomanfeeluncomfortable?A.Thespiders.B.Thesnakes.C.Thesloths.13.What'sthepossiblerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Couples.B.Classmates.C.Colleagues.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatdoesthewomanusuallydoonweekends?A.Goshoppingwiththeman.B.Lookafterherfather'sstore.C.Doapart-timejobinabikeshop.15.Whatistheweatherlikenow?A.It'scold.B.It'scool.C.It'swarm.16.Howdoesthemanusuallygotowork?A.Bybike.B.Bybus.C.Bycar.17.Whatwillthemanbuyprobably?A.Aracingbike.B.Amountainbike.C.Asecond-handbike.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhoistheRockClubfor?A.Musiclovers.B.Rockcollectors.C.Rockclimbers.19.HowoftendothemembersoftheMountaineeringClubmeet?A.Onceaweek.B.Twiceaweek.C.Threetimesaweek.20.WhatdancingwilltheDanceClubdointhesummer?A.Indiandancing.B.Scottishdancing.C.Spanishdancing.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（共15小題）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中選出最佳選項。AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?JaneAddams(1860—1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunitybycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907—1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930—present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawRosaParks(1913—2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.Butitalsosetoffthe1.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?A.Hersocialwork. B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.C.Hereffortstowinaprize. D.Hercommunitybackground.2.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw. B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen. D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.3.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?A.JaneAddams. B.RachelCarson. C.SandraDayO’Connor. D.RosaParks.4.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?A.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四位偉大又有影響力的女性：JaneAddams，RachelCarson，SandraDayO’Connor以及RosaParks?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JaneAddams(1860-1935)部分的“AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.(任何曾經(jīng)得到社會工作者幫助的人都要感謝JaneAddams)”可知，JaneAddams在歷史上主要以她的社會工作而出名。故選A。【2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)部分中“WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.(1952年，SandraDayO’connor在斯坦福大學法學院以全班第三名成績畢業(yè)，她在一家律師事務所找不到工作，因為她是女性)”可知，SandraDayO'Connor被律師公司拒絕是因為對婦女的歧視，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)RosaParks(1913-2005)部分中“Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.(它持續(xù)了一年多，并引發(fā)了民權(quán)運動)”可知，因為在公共汽車上拒絕為白人讓座而拉開了民權(quán)運動的序幕，RosaParks對美國民權(quán)運動做出了巨大的貢獻，故選D。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.(1931年，亞當斯成為第一位獲得諾貝爾和平獎的美國女性)”；第三段中“Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.(她在1962年出版的暢銷書《寂靜的春天》喚起了人們對污染的危險以及化學品對人類和世界湖泊和海洋的有害影響的關(guān)注)”；第四段中“ShebecameanArizonastatesenatorand,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.(她成為亞利桑那州參議員，并在1981年成為第一位加入美國最高法院的女性)”以及第五段中“Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.(它持續(xù)了一年多，并引發(fā)了民權(quán)運動)”由此可推斷四位女性都是歷史上的先驅(qū)。故選C。BAfriendofminemetwithanaccidentdrivinginthedarkness.Hislegsweresohurtthathecouldn'tmove.Whatwastheworstwasthathefoundhimselfunabletoaskforhelp—hismobilephonewentoutofwork.Nothingcouldbedonebuttowaitincoldwilderness.8hourslater,daybroke,andthentherescuearrived.Itisalmostunimaginablethathecouldstandthehorrorinthedarknessforsolong.Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”Hisstoryputanendtomyregretforthefailureofanexplorationadventurethathappenedlastyear.Agroupofyoungmentriedtoexploreamountaincaveandgotlost.Unabletofindawayoutinthedarkcavetheywerefrightenedandrananxiouslywithoutasenseofdirection.Finallytheyfelldeadinfearandexhaustion.Theplacewheretheygotlostwasonlyabout10metersawayfromtheopeningofthecave!Iftheytriedtocalmthemselves,theywouldprobablysenseafaintlightshiningnotfaraway.Don'tyouthinkthatyoucancompareitwithlifeitself?Whenyoumeetwithobstaclesinlifeandwork,youarelostindarkness.Mindyouit'sunclearyetandyouneedn'tputupstruggleimmediately.Butapersonwhocanaffordtodosomusthaveforesightaswellasagreatcourage.5.Whatwasthegreatesttroubleforthewriter'sfriend?A.Itwasverydark. B.Hewashurtandcouldn'tmove.C.Hecouldn'tgethelpwithhismobilephone. D.Itwasverycold.6.Whatdidthewriter'sfrienddowhenhewaswaitingforhelp?A.Hecheckedhisphysicalconditions. B.Hetriedtokeephiswoundfrombleeding.C.Hesleptforawhile. D.Alltheabove.7.Howdidthewriter'sfriendfeelwhenhewaswaitingforhelp?A.Horrible. B.Worried. C.Angry.D.Calm.【答案】5.C6.D7.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章中作者通過兩個事例的對比，說明無論是在生活中還是在工作中，當人們處于困境或危急狀況時，不輕舉妄動、保持鎮(zhèn)靜是智慧和勇氣的表現(xiàn)?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Whatwastheworstwasthathefoundhimselfunabletoaskforhelp—hismobilephonewentoutofwork.(最糟糕的是，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己無法尋求幫助——他的手機壞了)”可推知，作者朋友面臨的最大困難是手機無法與外界取得聯(lián)系獲取幫助。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”(更令人驚訝的是他的解釋：“首先，我檢查了自己的身體狀況，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并沒有生命危險。由于沒有辦法呼救，我靠在座位上，盡力不讓傷口流血。就這樣，我睡著了。”)”可知，作者的朋友在等待幫助時，檢查了他的身體狀況、試圖不讓傷口流血以及睡了一會兒。故選D。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Evenmoresurprisingwashisexplanation:“FirstofallIcheckedupmyphysicalconditionsandfoundmyselfnotinfataldanger.Astherewasnowaytocallforhelp,Ileanedbackinmyseattryingmybesttokeepthewoundfrombleeding.InthiswayIdozedoff.”(更令人驚訝的是他的解釋：“首先，我檢查了自己的身體狀況，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并沒有生命危險。由于沒有辦法呼救，我靠在座位上，盡力不讓傷口流血。就這樣，我睡著了。”)”可推知，作者朋友事故之后所做的事情可以推出他當時很鎮(zhèn)靜。故選D。COneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探測)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.TheprogramcameintoeffectinthestateofNewSouthWalesonDecember1followingasix-monthtrialearlierthisyear,whichthegovernmentclaimscaughtover100,000drivers.SimilartechnologyhasbeentestedinEnglandandSaudiArabia,buttheNSWprogrammarksthefirsttimeithasbeenwidelycarriedout.Therewon’tbeanysignssignallingthecameras’presence,either.“Wehavetounfortunatelyusetheelementofsurprisetogetpeopletothink‘well,Icouldgetcaughtatanytime,’”saidNSWRoadsMinisterAndrewConstance.“IwantbehaviourtochangeandIwantitchangedimmediately.”Thecellphonedetectioncameracan’tactuallydiscoverpeopleusingtheirphonesintime.Instead,ittakesphotographsofeverysinglevehiclethatpassesbyit,usingartificialintelligence(AI)toanalysethemlater.Ifthesoftwaredetectsalikelyoffender(違法者),theimageisthencheckedbyanemployeebeforeapunishmentnoticeissentout.Driverswillonlyreceivewarningsforthefirstthreemonthsthecellphonedetectioncamerasareinoperation.Afterthat,driverswhoarecaughtwillbefined344dollars,aswellaslosingfivepointsfromtheirdriver’slicense.AccordingtotheNSWgovernment,iftheAIdoesn’tdetectanyphoneuseinaphotoitwillbedeletedwithoutanyhumanseeingit,usuallywithinanhour.8.WhydoestheNSWgovernmentcarryoutthecameraprogram?A.Todetectthenumberofdriversusingcellphones.B.Tohelpdriversavoidbeingcaughtinsurprise.C.Tochangedrivers’behaviorofusingcellphoneswhiledriving.D.TotestsimilartechnologylikesomeEuropeancountries.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph4referto?A.Cameras. B.Drivers. C.Photos. D.Passers-by.10.Whatmayhappentotheoffendersdetectedbythecamera?A.Someregularwrittenwarnings. B.Nopunishmentinthelimitedtime.C.Aheavyfinewithoutpointloss. D.Amake-uptestofthedriver’slicense.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.AroadAlcamerasysteminAustralia.B.Atestofworld-firstAIcamerasystem.C.ThebehaviorsofAustraliandrivers.D.ThedevelopmentofAIcamerasystem.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。一個澳大利亞的州政府成為世界上第一個實施全州范圍內(nèi)自動檢測開車時使用手機的司機的州政府。該程序于12月1日在新南威爾士州生效。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段OneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探測)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.(一個澳大利亞州政府已經(jīng)成為世界上第一個在全州范圍內(nèi)實施自動檢測司機開車時使用手機的州政府。)和第三段的“IwantbehaviourtochangeandIwantitchangedimmediately.”(我希望行為改變，我希望行為立即改變。)可知，實施這個監(jiān)控計劃是為了改變司機開車使用手機的行為。故選C?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文Thecellphonedetectioncameracan’tactuallydiscoverpeopleusingtheirphonesintime.Instead,ittakesphotographsofeverysinglevehiclethatpassesbyit(手機檢測攝像頭實際上無法及時發(fā)現(xiàn)人們使用手機。相反，它拍攝每一輛經(jīng)過它的車輛的照片)可知，劃線所在部分usingartificialintelligence(AI)toanalysethemlater表示：稍后使用人工智能來分析它們，故them指代上文提的“photographs”，故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Driverswillonlyreceivewarningsforthefirstthreemonthsthecellphonedetectioncamerasareinoperation.Afterthat,driverswhoarecaughtwillbefined344dollars,aswellaslosingfivepointsfromtheirdriver’slicense.(手機檢測相機運行前三個月司機只會收到三個月的警告，在那之后，被抓住的司機將被罰款344美元，以及駕照扣5分。)可知，限定時間內(nèi)不處罰。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段OneAustralianstategovernmenthasbecomethefirstintheworldtocarryoutastatewidecameraprogramtoautomaticallydetect(探測)driversusingtheircellphoneswhiledriving.(一個澳大利亞州政府已經(jīng)成為世界上第一個在全州范圍內(nèi)實施自動檢測司機開車時使用手機的州政府。）并結(jié)合下文的介紹可知，文章主要講述了一項澳大利亞的道路Al攝像機系統(tǒng)。故選A。DForthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.12.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A.digestthemealeasily B.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeat D.eatwhateverisoffered13.Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A.Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B.Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C.Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D.Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.14.Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A.Theysuccessfullylostweight. B.Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C.Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D.Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.15.Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A.Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B.Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C.Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D.Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.D【解析】【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，結(jié)果表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯再鍛煉對健康更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項“不吃早飯能應付”意思相近。故選B。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesarefarbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知，他們首先找到了10個超重的，不活躍但健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說更好，也可以說更糟，代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知，實驗時選擇的10個人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知，結(jié)果，他們空腹散步時燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他們在早餐后鍛煉時燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點的熱量。故選B。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知，這些結(jié)果的暗示，為了從運動中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對健康更有益。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。ThreeWaystoProtectYourselfFromToday’sUnrealNewsNowadayswithsomuchnewsavailable,manypeopleconsumemediainanautomatic,unconsciousstate-similartoknowingyoudrovehomebutnotbeingabletorecallthetrip.____16____.Thesestrategiescanhelpyoubecomewisernewsconsumersinthreesimplesteps.SeekoutyourownnewsLikemostpeople,youprobablygetafairamountofyournewsfromsocialmedia.Youshouldchangethat.Theirgoalistomaximizethetimeyouspendontheirsitesandapps,gettingadvertisingincome.Thatmeansinsteadofpresentingyouwiththemostimportantnewsoftheday,socialmediafeedyouwhatwillholdyourattention.____17____.Theseorganizationsactuallyproducenews,usuallyinthespiritofservingthepublicinterest.UsebasicmathematicsUntrustworthynewsoftenusesomedatatomakeunrealclaims.____18____.Forexample,awidelyspreadrumour(謠言)falselyclaimed10,150Americanswerekilledbyillegalimmigrantsin2019.Onthesurface,it’shardtoknowwhetheritistrue,butonewaytostartistothinkaboutfindingouthowmanytotalmurderstherewereintheUSin2019.___19___Humansarebiased(傾向性的)tobelievewhat’sinfrontoftheireyes.Videocontentisconsideredmoretrustworthy-eventhoughsomevideoscanbeverymisleading.____20____.Seeingandhearingshouldnotnecessarilybebelieving.Treatvideocontentwithjustasmuchdoubtasnewstext,checkinganyfactswithnewsfromatrustedsource.A.WatchoutforbiasesB.BelievevideocontentC.You’llseeamorecompleterangeofinformationD.ThinkcarefullyabouthowyoudeterminesomethingistrueE.Instead,regularlyvisittrustednewsappsandnewswebsitesdirectlyF.SimplemathematicalcalculationscanhelpyoubetterspotfalsedataG.However,youcandevelophabitstocontrolyournewsintakemoreconsciously【答案】16.G17.E18.F19.A20.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。講述了如何明智地吸收信息的三種方法。【16題詳解】前文提到“Nowadayswithsomuchnewsavailable,manypeopleconsumemediainanautomatic,unconsciousstate-similartoknowingyoudrovehomebutnotbeingabletorecallthetrip”，意為“現(xiàn)在人們有大量信息可以接觸到，我們以一種無意識的狀態(tài)消化信息，就像你知道自己是開車回家的但是想不起來過程”，后文提到“Thesestrategiescanhelpyoubecomewisernewsconsumersinthreesimplesteps”，意為“這些措施能幫助你簡單幾步成為更明智的信息接收者”，前后句意相反，所以空格處應為轉(zhuǎn)折句，起到承上啟下的作用，G項“但是，你可以培養(yǎng)自己更有意識地控制信息吸收的習慣”切題，故選G?！?7題詳解】后文提到“Theseorganizationsactuallyproducenews,usuallyinthespiritofservingthepublicinterest.”，這些組織確實會生產(chǎn)新聞，通常是以服務公眾興趣為精神，所以這些組織是提供新聞的，由指示代詞these可知，在這些組織在前文中就已提到，所以空格處應提到這些真正提供新聞的組織，且在空格之前提到很多社交媒體并不真正提供當天最重要的信息，而是吸引你的注意力從而達到打廣告的目的，空格前后句意相反，所以空格處應有轉(zhuǎn)折詞，E項“相反，你應該直接訪問受信任的新聞軟件和網(wǎng)站”切題，故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)小標題“Usebasicmathematics”可知F項“簡單的數(shù)學計算可以幫助你更好地識別錯誤的數(shù)據(jù)”切題，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)第一句“Humansarebiased(傾向性的)tobelievewhat’sinfrontoftheireyes.”可知，本段主題與bias（偏見）有關(guān)，所以A項“注意偏見”切題，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Seeingandhearingshouldnotnecessarilybebelieving.Treatvideocontentwithjustasmuchdoubtasnewstext,checkinganyfactswithnewsfromatrustedsource.”可知，這部分是在講即使是視頻信息也要報以足夠的懷疑，對來自受信任來源的信息也要檢查，這是講如何確定得到的信息是真實的，所以D項“仔細想想如何確定某件事是真實的”切題，故選D。【點睛】對于一些七選五的小題，根據(jù)空格前后的名詞、動詞等對應選項中相同、相近或相反的詞語就可以選出答案，例如第三題中小標題中的“mathematics”對應F項中的“mathematical”，故選F項。再例如第四題中第一句中的“biased”對應選項A中的biases，故選A。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（共15小題）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecond_____21_____.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyof____22____therefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething____23____happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe____24____itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.____25____,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.He____26____thatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromthe____27____.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseek____28____duringthedaytime.Heturnedtothe____29____departmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownand_____30_____anearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.____31____youngplantsinthedryseasonwas______32______foraloneboy.Molaibuiltatthe_____33_____ofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholesto______34______rainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molai_____35_____toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side34.A.cooldown B.keepoff C.purify D.collect35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued【答案】21.C22.A23.C24.D25.A26.B27.B28.D29.C30.B31.C32.A33.B34.D35.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。Molai在印度的一個小村莊長大。16歲的時候，一場洪水導致他的家園遭受巨大損失。樹木的缺乏導致這些動物失去了遮蔽物，很多鳥兒離開，蛇類數(shù)量減少。Molai決定改變這一切，他經(jīng)過努力，在附近找到了一個小島，開始種樹。在30多年的時間里，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動植物的家園。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這個村莊位于一些濕地附近，那里成了他的第二個家。A.dream夢想；B.job工作；C.home家；D.choice選擇。根據(jù)空前的second可知，他出生的村莊是他的家，村莊附近的一些“濕地”成為了他的第二個“家”。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他從小就在那里了解到了大自然的價值和美麗。A.nature自然；B.youth青春，年輕；C.culture文化；D.knowledge知識。濕地展現(xiàn)了“大自然”的價值和美。故選A。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:16歲時，Molai開始注意到他的家周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的事情。A.precious寶貴的；B.interesting有趣的；C.disturbing令人不安的，引起煩惱的；D.generous慷慨的。該段后半部分提到:洪水侵襲，很多鳥兒離開，蛇的數(shù)量減少。這些情況都不正常，令人不安。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:那年早些時候，一場洪水襲擊了這個地區(qū)，洪水造成的損害趕走了很多鳥類。A.waste廢物；B.tension緊張；C.pain疼痛，痛苦；D.damage損害，傷害。洪水侵襲這個地區(qū)，它會“損害”莊稼、樹木，這些都會導致鳥兒們離開。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:此外，蛇的數(shù)量也減少了。A.Besides此外，另外；B.However但是；C.Therefore因此；D.Otherwise否則。根據(jù)aswell可知，洪水不僅導致很多鳥兒離開。而且，它還導致蛇的數(shù)量減少。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹來保護它們免受炎熱的影響。A.agreed同意；B.realized意識到；C.remembered記住，記起；D.predicted預測。Molai“意識到”鳥兒離開、蛇類減少是因為沒有足夠的樹木。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹來保護它們免受炎熱的影響。A.noise噪音；B.heat熱；C.disease疾??；D.dust塵土。根據(jù)常識可知，樹木可以提供陰涼，從而保護鳥類和蛇類免受炎熱的影響。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當然，解決的辦法是種樹，這樣動物們就可以在白天尋找棲身之處。A.directions方向；B.partners伙伴，合作伙伴；C.help幫助；D.shelter遮蔽，庇護，遮蔽物。樹木可以給動物們提供“遮蔽”。故選D。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:他向森林部門求助，但被告知那里什么也不長。A.labor勞動；B.police警察；C.forest森林；D.finance財政，金融。根據(jù)前一句中的“Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttrees”可知，Molai想要種樹，所以他應該向“森林”部門求助。故選C。30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:然而，Molai自己去看了看，發(fā)現(xiàn)了附近的一個島嶼，他開始在那里種樹。Arebuilt重建；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.left離開；D.managed設法做成。根據(jù)前面的”lookingonhisown”可知，他自己去看，那么接下來就應該是他”發(fā)現(xiàn)”了一個小島。故選B?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:對一個孤獨的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.Decorating裝飾；B.Observing觀察到；C.Watering澆水；D.Guarding守衛(wèi)。該段后半部分敘述的是Molai想盡辦法收集水的努力。再結(jié)合該句中的“thedryseason”可知，在旱季給幼苗“澆水”很難。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:對一個孤獨的男孩來說，在旱季給幼苗澆水是很困難的。A.tough困難的；B.illegal非法的；C.fantastic極好的；D.beneficial有益的。根據(jù)該段后半部分的敘述可知，Molai想盡辦法收集雨水，由此推知，旱季缺水，給幼苗澆水很“難”。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個竹子平臺，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來收集雨水。A.back背部；B.top頂端；C.foot腳；D.side一邊，一側(cè)。根據(jù)該段最后一句“Thewaterwouldthendripontheplantsbelow”可知，水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知，竹子平臺應該在每棵樹苗的”頂端”。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞(短語)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵樹苗的頂端都搭建了一個竹子平臺，在那里他放置了帶有小洞的陶罐來收集雨水。A.cooldown冷卻下來；B.keepoff與……保持距離；C.purify凈化，使純凈；D.collect收集。根據(jù)常識可知，陶罐是用來盛水的。由此可知，他將陶罐放到竹子平臺上“收集”雨水。故選D。【35題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:在接下來的37年里，Molai繼續(xù)種樹。A.returned返回；B.learned學會；C.failed失敗；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后一句可知，他的努力使1360英畝的天然土地成為許多動植物的家園。由此推知，在接下來的37年里，他“繼續(xù)”種樹。故選D。第二節(jié)（共10小題）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WinterSolsticeFestivalAsearlyas2,500yearsago,about_____36_____SpringandAutumnPeriod,ChinadecidedthepointofWinterSolsticebyobservingthemovementofthesun.ThetimewillbeeachDecember21or22accordingtotheGregoriancalendar.TheNorthernhemisphereonthisdayexperiencesthe_____37_____(short)daytimeandlongestnighttime.AsancientChinesethought,theyang,positivethings,willbecomestrongerandstrongerafterthisday,_____38_____itshouldbecelebrated.TheWinterSolsticebecameafestivalduringtheHanDynastyandthrivedintheTangandSongdynasties.TheHanpeople_____39_____(regard)WinterSolsticeasa"WinterFestival",soofficialswouldorganizecelebrating_____40_____(active).Onthisday,bothofficialsandcommonpeoplewouldhavearest.IntheTangandSongdynasties,theWinterSolsticewasadaytooffersacrifices(祭品)toHeavenandancestors.TheQingDynastyevenhadtherecordthat"WinterSolsticeisasformalastheSpringFestival",_____41_____(represent)thegreatimportanceattachedtothisday.InsomepartsofNorthernChina,peopleeatdumplings,_____42_____willkeepthemfromfrostintheupcomingwinter.ButinpartsofSouthernChina,thewholefamilywillgettogethertohaveaspecialmeal_____43_____(make)ofred-beanandricetodriveawaybadthings.TheWinterSolsticedumplingscould_____44_____(use)assacrificestoancestors,orgiftsforfriendsandrelatives.Peopleofthesamefamilynamegathertogethertohonortheirancestors_____45_____ageorder.Aftertheceremony,thereisalwaysabigdinner.【答案】36.the37.shortest38.so##and39.regarded40.activities41.representing42.which43.made44.beused45.in【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在中國，冬至的起源、發(fā)展以及不同區(qū)域不同的慶祝習俗。【詳解】1.考查冠詞。句意：早在2500多年前的春秋時期，中國就通過觀察太陽的運動來確定冬至的日期。春秋戰(zhàn)國時期為歷史時間段，需要用特指的冠詞the。故填the。2.考查形容詞最高級。句意：在這一天，北半球的白天最短，夜晚最長。根據(jù)句意以及空后的longestnighttime“最長的夜”，此處應該用形容詞最高級shortest，表示“最短的白天”，故填shortest。3.考查連詞。句意：正如中國古代的思想，陽，積極的事物，在這一天之后會變得越來越強，因此這一天應該被慶祝。分詞句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空需用連詞連接空格前后兩句話，根據(jù)句意，兩句話是因果關(guān)系，and表因果關(guān)系時，相當于so，所以可以填so或and，故填so/and。4.考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：漢朝人視冬至為“冬節(jié)”，所以官員們會組織慶祝活動。此空是動詞做謂語，結(jié)合主語，描述的是漢代的事，應用一般過去時態(tài)，且主語和動詞之間是主動關(guān)系，故填regarded。5.考查可數(shù)名詞單復數(shù)。句意：漢朝人視冬至為“冬節(jié)”，所以官員們會組織慶?；顒?。此空前有現(xiàn)在分詞修飾，又是做organize的賓語，應該用名詞的形式，且官員組織的活動應該有很多，所以用名詞復數(shù)形式，故填activities。6.考查非謂語動詞。句意：清代甚至有“冬至和春節(jié)一樣正式”的記載，體現(xiàn)了對冬至的高度重視。分析句子可知，空