法律英語Contractagreement 合同和協(xié)議 上

Acontractisestablishedwhentheacceptancebecomeseffective.承諾生效即協(xié)議成立。Acontractmaybemodifiedifthepartiesreachaconsensus1throughconsultation2.當事人協(xié)商一致即能夠變更協(xié)議。Apersonisnotliablefordebtscontractedduringhisminority.一個人無須對他在未成年時期協(xié)議債務負擔責任。Atransactionbetweentwopartiesoughtnottooperatetothedisadvantageofathird.合約不約束第三人。Acontractcannotariseoutofanillegalact.違法行為不能組成合約。Anacceptanceoncegivencannotberevoked4unlesstheofferorconsents.除非要約人同意，承諾一經(jīng)做出即不得撤回。Anacceptanceisastatementmadebytheoffereeindicatingassent5toanoffer.承諾是受要約人同意要約意思表示。Anofferormaywithdrawanofferatanytimebeforeithasbeenaccepted.在要約被受要約人接收以前，要約人能夠隨時撤回要約。Anyamendment6tothiscontractshallbecomeeffectiveonlybyawrittenagreementbyPatryAandPartyB.對本協(xié)議任何修改，只有經(jīng)甲、乙雙方簽署書面協(xié)議后方能生效。Anyannex7istheintegralpartofthiscontract.本協(xié)議一切附件均為本協(xié)議有效組成部分。Anydeparturefromthetermsandconditionsofthecontractmustbeadvisedinwriting.任何與協(xié)議條款相背離地方，都應以書面形式通知。Anyfailurebyapartytocarryoutallorpartofhisobligationsunderthecontractshallbeconsideredasasubstantialbreach8.一方當事人不推行本協(xié)議全總或任何部分義務均應被視為是根本違約。Anypartyhasnorighttoterminatethiscontractwithoutanotherparty'sagreement.未經(jīng)另一方當事人同意，任何當事人均無權(quán)終止協(xié)議。Anyviolation9ofdeadlinescontainedinthecontractwillequate10tobreachofcontract.凡違反協(xié)議要求任何期限都等同違約。Contractlawisinitially11concernedwithdeterminingwhatpromisesthelawwillenforceorrecognizeascreatinglegalrights.協(xié)議法首先包括確認哪些許諾能夠作為創(chuàng)設法律權(quán)利而由法律強制實施或認可。Examplesofvoidcontractsarethoseenteredintoasaresultofmisrepresentation,duress12orundue13influence.因欺詐、脅迫和乘人之危而訂立協(xié)議屬于可撤消協(xié)議。Heisincompetent14tosignthecontract.他沒有簽署協(xié)議行為能力。Hereasonablybelievesthattherewillbeafundamentalnon-performanceofthecontractbytheotherparty.他有理由認為對方當事人將會不推行協(xié)議以致根本違約。Hesignedacovenant15againstunderlettingthepremises16.他簽署了一個反對廉價出租屋契約。Hewasincapable17offulfillingthetermsofthecontract.他沒有能力推行協(xié)議條款。Ifacontractbecomesinvalid19,thevalidityofitsindependentlyexistingclausespertaining21tothesettlementofdisputesshallnotbeaffected22.協(xié)議無效并不影響協(xié)議中獨立存在關于處理爭議方法條款效力。Ifaminor3ratifies23acontractuponreachingtheageofmajority,heorsheisthenboundtoit.如未成年人在達成法定年紀時追認協(xié)議，他/她便應受協(xié)議之約束。Ifanyoftheabove-mentionedclausesisinconsistentwiththefollowingadditionalclauses,thelatteristobetakenasauthentic24.以上任何條款如與以下附加條款相抵觸，以以下附加條款為準。Ifthereareprovisionsasotherwisestatedinrespecttocontractsinotherlaws,suchprovisionsshallbefollowed.其余法律對協(xié)議另有要求，應依照這些要求。Ifthereisnoacceptance,bydefinitionthereisnocontract.按照定義，沒有承諾協(xié)議便不能成立。Incaseofheavylosses,failureofapartytofulfill18theobligationsprescribedbythecontractofforcemajeure,thecontractmaybeterminated.如發(fā)嚴重虧損，一方不推行協(xié)議要求義務或不可抗力等，可提前終止協(xié)議。Lawfully25establishedcontractsshallbeprotectedbylaw.依法成立協(xié)議應受法律保護。Marine26insurancecontractsareindemnity27contractsandrequirethepartiestoexercisetheutmostgoodfaith.海上保險協(xié)議屬于賠償協(xié)議，要求雙方當事人盡到最大善意義務。Nochangeinormodification28ofthisAgreementshallbevalid20unlessthesameismadeinwriting.本協(xié)議之修改必須作成書面始生效力。Noconsideration,nocontract.協(xié)議無對價不成立。詞匯表：1consensus n.(意見等)一致，一致同意，共識參考例句：Canwereachaconsensusonthisissue?我們能在這個問題上取得一致意見嗎？Whatistheconsensusofopinionattheafternoonmeeting?下午會議上一致意見是什么？2consultation n.咨詢；商議；商議；會議參考例句：Thecompanyhaspromisedwideconsultationonitsexpansionplans.該企業(yè)允諾就其擴展計劃廣泛征求意見。Theschemewasdevelopedincloseconsultationwiththelocalcommunity.該計劃是在同當?shù)匦^(qū)親密磋商中逐步形成。3minor adj.較小(少)，較次要；n.輔修學科；vi.輔修參考例句：Theyoungactorwasgivenaminorpartinthenewplay.年輕男演員在這出新戲里被分配擔任一個小角色。Igavehimaminorshareofmywealth.我把小部分財產(chǎn)給了他。4revoked adj.[法]取消v.撤消，取消，廢除(revoke過去式和過去分詞)參考例句：Itmayberevokedifthecheckislaterdishonoured.以后如支票被拒絕支付，結(jié)算能夠撤消。來自辭典例句Awillisrevokedexpressly.遺囑能夠經(jīng)過明示推翻。來自辭典例句5assent v.同意，認可；n.同意，認可參考例句：Icannotassenttowhatyouask.我不能應允你要求。ThenewbillpassedbyParliamenthasreceivedRoyalAssent.議會所經(jīng)過新方案已獲國王同意。6amendment n.改過，修正，改進，修正案參考例句：Theamendmentwasrejectedby207votersto143.這項修正案以207票對143票被否決。TheOppositionhastabledanamendmenttothebill.反對黨已經(jīng)就該議案提交了一項修正條款。7annex vt.吞并，吞并；n.隸屬建筑物參考例句：ItplanstoannexanEnglandcompanyinordertoenlargethemarket.它計劃吞并一家英國企業(yè)以擴大市場。Theannexhasbeenbuiltontothemainbuilding.主樓配建有隸屬建筑物。8breach n.違反，不推行；破裂；vt.沖破，攻破參考例句：Wewon'thaveanybreachofdiscipline.我們不允許任何破壞紀律現(xiàn)象。Hewassuedforbreachofcontract.他因不推行協(xié)議而被起訴。9violation n.違反(行為)，違反(行為)，侵犯參考例句：Heroaredthatwasaviolationoftherules.他大聲說，那是違反規(guī)則。Hewasfined200dollarsforviolationoftrafficregulation.他因違反交通規(guī)則被罰款200美元。10equate v.同等對待，使相等參考例句：Youcan'tequatepassingexaminationandbeingintelligent.你不能把考試及格看成是聰明。Youcannotequatehispoemswithhisplays.你不能夠把他詩歌和他劇本相提并論。11initially adv.最初，開始參考例句：ThebanwasinitiallyopposedbytheUS.這一禁令首先遭到美國反對。Feathersinitiallydevelopedfrominsectscales.羽毛最初由昆蟲翅瓣演化而來。12duress n.脅迫參考例句：Heclaimedthathesignedtheconfessionunderduress.他說他是被迫在認罪書上簽字。Theseunequaltreatiesweremadeunderduress.這些不平等條約是在強迫下訂立。13undue adj.過分；不適當；未到期參考例句：Don'ttreatthematterwithunduehaste.不要過急地處理此事。Itwouldbewisenottogiveundueimportancetohiscriticisms.最好不要過分看重他批評。14incompetent adj.無能力，不能勝任參考例句：Heisutterlyincompetentathisjob.他完全不能勝任他工作。Heisincompetentatworkingwithhishands.他動手能力不行。15covenant n.盟約，契約；v.訂盟約參考例句：Theyrefusedtocovenantwithmyfatherfortheproperty.他們不愿與我父親訂立財產(chǎn)契約。Themoneywasgiventousbydeedofcovenant.這筆錢是依照契約書付給我們。16premises n.建筑物，房屋參考例句：Accordingtotherules,noalcoholcanbeconsumedonthepremises.按照要求，場內(nèi)不準飲酒。Allrepairsaredoneonthepremisesandnotputout.全部修繕都在家里進行，不用送到外面去做。17incapable adj.無能力，不能做某事參考例句：Hewouldbeincapableofcommittingsuchacrueldeed.他不會做出這么殘忍事。Computersareincapableofcreativethought.計算機不會創(chuàng)造性地思維。18fulfill vt.推行，實現(xiàn)，完成；滿足，使?jié)M意參考例句：Ifyoumakeapromiseyoushouldfulfillit.假如你許諾了，你就要推行你諾言。Thiscompanyshouldbeabletofulfillourrequirements.這家企業(yè)應該能夠滿足我們要求。19invalid n.病人，傷殘人；adj.有病，傷殘；無效參考例句：Hewillvisitaninvalid.他將要去探望一個病人。Apassportthatisoutofdateisinvalid.護照過期是無效。20valid adj.有確實依照；有效；正當，正當參考例句：Hisclaimtoownthehouseisvalid.他主張對此屋全部權(quán)有效。Doyouhavevalidreasonsforyourabsence?你缺席有正當理由嗎？21pertaining 與…關于系，隸屬…，為…固有(to)參考例句：Livingconditionsarevastlydifferentfromthosepertainingintheircountryoforigin.生活條件與他們祖國大不相同。Theinspectorwasinterestedineverythingpertainingtotheschool.視察員對關于學校一切都感興趣。22affected adj.不自然，假裝參考例句：Sheshowedanaffectedinterestinoursubject.她假裝對我們課題感到興趣。Hismannersareaffected.他態(tài)度不自然。23ratifies v.同意，簽認（合約等）(ratify第三人稱單數(shù))參考例句：AmericanRevolutionaryWar:TheUnitedStatesratifiesapeacetreatywithEngland.1784年今天，美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭：美國同意了一項與英國和平條約。來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)EachMemberwhichratifiesthisConventionshallensuretheeffectiveapplicationofitsprovisions.同意本條約每一會員國應確保有效地實施本條約要求。來自互聯(lián)網(wǎng)24authentic a.真，真正；可靠，可信，有依照參考例句：Thisisanauthenticnewsreport.Wecandependonit.這是篇可靠新聞報道,我們相信它。Autumnisalsotheauthenticseasonofrenewal.秋天才是真正除舊布