英語四級試題模擬試卷

PartIWriting(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic“Education:Examination-OrientedorQuality-Oriented”.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowin:應(yīng)試教育現(xiàn)狀及其原因素質(zhì)教育的優(yōu)點(diǎn)PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)D).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgivenintheSellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraTeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboosther Ms.Estesapplied ean“expert”onLiveInc.,aWebsitespayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,Fla.,dispensesadvicetosaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“Liveismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedhersupto$75anAstherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.Live seeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shopandfashion,aswellpsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunInc.,paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.Livewentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.Livesaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLiveexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1.50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized”content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraisea’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,Fla.,leftacareerinmarketingtoeafull-timelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursawritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.Ms.Karimicautions erstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumaninligencetasks—payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweeknginaphotograph.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,viceofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInc.,forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,La.,discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.Livehasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(turke whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscanchecka’srecordbeforetakingonaConsumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.Livewarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandaldetailswithcare.Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesof earehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandfors,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlaybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindtoeateveryWhatisthepassagemainlytalkingTheeconomicrecessionwilllastafewMorepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakeAskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourPeopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandaldetailsLiveInc.isaWebsitewhere peoplechatwitheachotherandmake professionalsandadvisershelpotherspeoplepaymoneyforapplying eanspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandWhyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingBecausepeoplelovetoworkontheBecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheBecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheBecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofHowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLiveifapays$3to$3.5.B)$10.C)$6.5to$7.D)MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaserveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtaskshelpAmazonmanageitsproductfindsomeone’sWhatdoesTurkerNationItreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedItreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlineItregisterscomintsabouttheadviceofferedontheItreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayforWhatdoesMs.KnutsonspendthemajorityofhertimeFindingacetopurchaseaspecificIdentifyingthenameofastreetinaTranscribingWebaudioandforStrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryAssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowto Livesaysitvetscontributors’qualificationsthroughathirdparty,reliesheavilyonits AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingRockandrollisagenreofpopularmusicthatevolvedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1940sandearly1950s.Its47liemainlyinblues,rhythmandblues,country,folk,,andjazz.Thestylesubsequentlyspreadtotherestoftheworldanddevelopedfurther,leadingultimayto48rockmusic.Theterm“rockandroll”nowcoversatleasttwodifferentmeanings,incommonusage.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryandtheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryboth49rockandrollassynonymouswithrockmusic.50, definesthetermasreferringspecificallytothemusicofthe1950s.Classicrockandrollis51yedwithoneortwoelectricguitars,astringoranelectricbassguitar,andadrumkit.Inthe52rockandrollstylesofthelate1940s,eitherthepianoorsaxophonewasoftentheleadinstrument,buttheseweregenerally53orsupplementedbytheguitarinthemiddletolate1950s.Themassivepopularityandeventualworldwideviewofrockandrollgaveita54socialimpact.Farbeyondsimplyamusicalstyle,rockandroll,asseeninmoviesandinthenewmediumofevision,55lifestyles,fashion,attitudes,andlanguage.Itwentontospawnvarioussub-genres,oftenwithouttheinitially56backbeat,thatarenowmorecommonlycalledsimply“rockmusic”or“rock”.defineI)characteristicJ)uniqueK)exrootsL)usuallyM)reBasicallyN)earliestO)SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingAccordingtoareport,around30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoollastyearwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old.MPs(國會議員)warnedthatmanyyoungpeoplewouldneed“expensiveremediallessonsinlaterlifetogetajobposingmajorproblemsfortheeconomyThefindingscamejustmonthsafterOfsted(教育標(biāo)準(zhǔn))claimedalmosthalfofmathlessonsinEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.Itsaidmanyteachersreliedontextbooksandmundaneexercisestomakesurepupilspassedexamsattheexpenseofaproperunderstandingofthesubject.MPsbackedtheconclusions,sayingtoomanypupilsfoundlessons“boringTheyinsistedimprovementshadbeenmadeunderLaborbutachievementhad“l(fā)eveledoff”inrecentIn2008,79percentofpupilsmettheernment’sexpectedstandardattheendofprimaryschool,wellshortofthe85percenttargetsetfor2006.Aroundfivepercentmovedtosecondaryschoolwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old,saidthecommittee.In2006,￡2.3billionwasspentteachingthesubject.Itequatestoaroundaquarterofthe￡10billiontotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaff.ThereportsaidtheDepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies(DCSF)neededto“radicallyrethinkitsstrategyforimprovingpupilattainment;otherwiseweseriouslydoubtthatthedepartmentwillmeetits2011target”.Thetargetdemands84.5percentofpupilswillmakethenecessaryprogressbetween7andLastyear,theDCSFpublishedamajorreviewofmatheducationinEnglandtobooststandards.Itcalledforamathspecialistineveryprimaryschoolwithin10yearsandmoreemphasisonmathematical“y”innurseryschools.Mr.Leigh“Thedepartment’s10-yearprogramtotrain13,000specialistmathteacherswillnotbenefitsomeprimaryschoolsforanotherdecade.That’sfartoolong;thedepartmentneedstolookforwaystoacceleratetheprogram.”SarahMcCarthyFry,theSchoolsMinister,said,“Wehavealreadyacceptedthemain mendationfromarecentindependentreviewofprimarymaththateveryschoolshouldhaveaspecialistmathteacherandhavepledged￡24millionoverthenextthreeyearsforatrainingprogramforteachers.”gettingvalueforthemoneytheyhavepiledintoeducationandthecountryisfallingbehindininternationalleaguetablesasaresult.Theernmenthasfailedtorecemethodsofteachingwhichhavefailedwithtriedandtestedmethodsusedincountriesthathavemuchhigherlevelsofmathachievement.”Whatdowelearnfromthefirst30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoolwithpoormathMPsinsistmoreimprovementsshouldbemadeunderYoungpeopleneedmedicallessonstogetaHalfofEnglishschoolswerenotgoodAccordingtothepassage,whathappenedin21%ofpupilsdidn’tmeettheernment’sexpectedThetargetsetfor2006was87￡2.3billionwasspentonmathThetotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaffwas￡5billion

WhatwillpeopleprobablydotoimprovematheducationinSpendmoneyontrainingspecialistmathHireamathspecialistforeveryprimaryAllowpupilstohavemoremathematical“SpendmoretimeonmathWhatdoNickGibb’swordsTheBritishernmentshouldputmoremoneyintomathBritainisfallingbehindintheinternationalknowledgeThe ernmentshouldlearnfromothercountries’The ernmentshouldchangetheirteachingmethodseveryWhat’sthepassagemainlytalkingTherearen’tenoughmathteachersinBritishprimaryTheBritishernmentdidn’tspendenoughmoneyonmathBritishpupilsarenotgoodatMathlessonsinBritishprimaryschoolsneedtobeimproved.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingBananas,alwaysthefashionvictimsoftheproducesection,areanothernewlabelthisspring.Bananaswith“FairTradeCertified”stickershavebeenavailableintheUnitedStatessinceOctober.Theyrepresentthenewfrontofinternationalefforttohelpfirst-worldconsumersimprovethelivingstandardsofthethird-worldfarmerswhogrowmuchoftheirfood.Byexpandingitsreachtotheproducesection,FairTradeisnowtryingtoreachtheAmericansupermarketshopper.FairTradedealsdirectlywithfarmercooperatives.Ithelpsorganize,avoidingbrokers代理人)andmiddlemen.Itguaranteeshigherpricesforthefarmers’goodsandhelpsthemsetupschoolsandhealthTheFairTrademovementtookrootinEuropeinthe1990’sasawayofbolsteringcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.SinceFairTradebegan,morethanamillioncoffeegrowersandotherfarmershavejoinedcooperativesthatselltheirproductsthroughFairTradechannelsinsteadofdirectlytoacommercialproducer.NoteveryoneisgreetingtheFairTradelabelwithopenarms.SeveralAmericancoffeeimportersrecentlypulledoutofFairTrade,citingTransFair’s“corporatefriendly”policiesthatallowlargecompaniestousetheFairTradelogointheirmarketingevenifonlyasmallamountofthe’soverallpurchasesareFairTradecertified.EdmundLaMacchia,thenationalproducecoordinatorforWholeFoods,saidFairTradeisonlyoneofmanyconsumerchoices.“WholeFoodshasitsownteamofinspectorsandhasnonstocarryFairTradeproducts”,Mr.LaMacchiasaid.“OurstandardsarehigherthanFairTrade’s,actually.”FairTradeisonlyoneofseverallabelsyourbananasmightbewearingthisyear.AnotheristhatoftheRainAlliance,whichcertifiestheuseofsustainableagriculturemethods.Sofar,though,FairTradeisthebiggest.AFairTradelabelbyitselfdoesnotguaranteeanorganicproduct,butmostFairTradebananasarealsoorganic,Ms.Bourquesaid,becausepesticidesareusuallytoocostlyforthesmallfarmerswhogrowthem.Ifthebananasareorganic,theywillbelabeledassuch,andwillprobablybewearingastickertoproveit.Whyarebananaswearing“FairTradeCertified”ItmeansbananasarethefashionvictimsoftheproduceItmeansbananashavegotanewItmeansbananaswiththesestickersareavailableintheUnitedItrepresentsaninternationalefforttohelpthethird-worldWhatdoesFairTradeIthelpsfarmersselltheirproductsforahigherItappointsbrokersandmiddlementodealwithfarmerItbringsdownthepriceoffarmers’ItsetsupschoolsandhealthclinicsforAmericanWhatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheFairTradeTocooperatewithcoffeegrowersandotherTohelpcoffeefarmersaspriceswereTopreventfarmersfromsellingtheirproductstocommercialTosellproductsthroughcoffeegrowersandotherWhatcanweinferfromthisAmericancoffeeimporterswillneverbuytheirproductsthroughTradeFairTradeistheonlylabelthatbananasmightbewearingthisNoteveryconsumerconsidersFairTradeproductstheonlyWholeFoodsandtheRainAlliancearemoreinfluentialthan

WhatisthebesttitleforthisHeltheThirdWorld:OneBananaataConsumersFaceMoreFairTrade—theBestTheFairTradePartVCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Everyoneknowshandwashingisimportant.Butanewstudyshowshowwashingyourhands67,andattherighttime,canhaveabigimpactonyourfamily’sriskofgettingsick.Moststudiesonhandwashingfocuson68andfoodserviceworkers.Butthismonth’sAmericanJournalofInfectionControlfocusesonwashinghandsat69asawaytostopinfectionsfrom70.Severalstudiesshowhandsarethesinglemostimportant71routeforalltypesofinfections.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowtowashtheirhandsafterusingthetoiletorhandlingadiaper尿布studies72manypeoplearestillendingupwithgermsontheirOnestudylookedinhomesof73recentlyvaccinatedagainstpolio(脊髓灰質(zhì)炎).Aftervaccination,theis74tobeshedinthebaby’sfeces(糞便).Researchersfoundtheon13percentofbathroom,livingroomandkitchensurfaces.75thefromthevaccinedidn’tposeahealthrisk,feces-borneescan76throughthehome.Doorknobsandtoiletflushhandlesarekey77ofgermtransmissioninthehome.That’swhypeopleshouldfocusoncleaningsuchsurfaces78andalwayswashtheirhandsaftertouchingthem.Inonestudy,a79touchedadoorhandlecontaminatedwitha.Hethenshookhands80othervolunteers,andspreadthetosixThestudyauthorsnotethatthetimingofhandwashingiskey.It’s81towashhandsafterusingthetoilet,beforeeatingorhandlingfood.Othercrucialtimesforhandwashingareafter82adiaperorcleaningupafterapet,oraftertouchinggarbagecans,dishragsandutensilsthatmayhavecome83contactwithrawfood.Whileitmaybehardto84thatsomethingassimpleasregularhandwashingoutbreakofSARS.Theoutbreak85extensivepublicandcommunityhealthmeasures,includingregularhandwashing.NotonlywastheSARSoutbreakcontained,86othercasesofillnessesdroppedsharply.67.A)B)C)D)68.A)B)C)D)69.A)B)C)D)70.A)B)C)D)71.A)B)C)D)72.A)B)C)D)73.A)B)C)D)74.A)B)C)D)75.A)B)C)D)76.A)B)C)D)77.A)B)C)D)78.A)B)C)D)79.A)B)C)D)80.A)B)C)D)81.A)B)C)D)82.A)B)C)D)83.A)B)C)D)84.A)B)C)D)85.A)B)C)D)86.A)B)C)D)PartVITranslation(5Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishthegiveninbrackets.Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathe (訴諸Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,theshouldersandtheback Thisoccupation 關(guān)注于計(jì)劃和監(jiān)督)arrangementofexhibitionsof (令學(xué)生失望的是thebookstheyneededweresoldoutatthebookstore. (獲得提升很難PartIOnepossibleEducation:Examination-OrientedorQuality-Fromprimaryschooltocollege,students,teachersandparentsallarestrugglingforhighscores.Thisisbecausethecurrenteducationsystemisnotaimedatquality,butonlyatdevelostudents’abilitytoperformwellontests.Asaresult,manystudents,eventhosewithhighscores,oftendopoorlywhenitcomestothepracticalapplicationofwhatthey’velearned.Therefore,ischallengingexamination-orientededucationbyadvocatingquality-orientededucation.Thealternativewillfocusonthestudents’abilityasawhole.Theexamresultswillnolongeryakeyroleinevaluatingastudent.ally,Ifirmlybelieveintheeffectivenessofthisnew.Ihaveseeninmymind’seyethemorededicatedstudy,thelooserenvironment,yetthemorecreativemindsofthefuturestudents.Oureducation,sotospeak,willbringupanewgeneration.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)D)。參見第二段“LiveInc.,aWeb spayforonlinechatwithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.”可知，在Live B)。參