高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致學(xué)案（學(xué)生版）

高中英語人教版高三二輪復(fù)習(xí)主謂一致【問題查找】單項選擇Onethirdoftheareacoveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetreesbeenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;hasThenumberofteachersinourcollegegreatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschoolfromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;isWhatthepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulationworkershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;isNotonlyhebutalsoweright.Heaswellasweright.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;areWhathe,dlikeadigitalwatch.Whathe'dliketextbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;isHeisoneoftheboyswhohereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswhohereontime.A.hascome;havecome B.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascome D.havecome;havecomeEitheryouorheinterestedinplayingchess.youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;IsManyaprofessorlookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientistsstudiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;areAknifeandaforkonthetable.Aknifeandforkonthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;areHerfamilymuchlargerthanminefouryearsago.HerfamilydancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were【要點精講】精講一：主謂一致概述 （3分鐘）1）語法形式上要一致，即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致；2）意義上要一致，即主語和謂語的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義。分類：語法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則、就近原則。精講二：語法一致 （20分鐘）語法一致原則：謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。（1）以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg.Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm. TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.Readinginthesunisbadforyoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.【注意】★由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg.WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.★apairof+表無生命的名詞+單數(shù)謂語；apairof+表人或動物的名詞+單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語Eg.Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifortheirhoneymoon.(2)“單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：Eg.YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhentheyheardthenews.【注意】★如果and并列的主語指的是同一個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：a/the+單數(shù)名詞(人)+and+單數(shù)名詞(人)+單數(shù)謂語a/the+單數(shù)名詞(人)+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞(人)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語Eg.Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.★由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana(an),manya(an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式：Eg.Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.★有些用and連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看成一個整體，因而作主語時，謂語單詞用單數(shù)。這類名詞詞組有：knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread針線breadandbutter面包和黃油fishandchips炸魚加薯條 thestarsandstripes星條旗FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.(3)主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,ratherthan,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式:Eg.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.Themanager;alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Theteacher;aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.(4)each;each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語都用單數(shù)形式：Eg.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.(5)由any,some,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語或主語的一部分，謂語用單數(shù)：Eg.Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.(6)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù)一致：Eg.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.試比較：Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.★"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；而在“theonlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)(7)如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式,這些詞有army,family,audience,club,class,group,organization,troop等：Eg.Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.【注意】★people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)：Thepolicearelookingforthelostchild.(8)在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致：Eg.Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.精講三：邏輯意義一致 (15分鐘)邏輯意義一致原則：謂語動詞的數(shù)必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)；有時形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。)(l)what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù),也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決定:Eg.Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?Allisgoingwell. AllhavegonetoBeijing.(2)表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，因常表示一個整體的概念，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式：Eg.Eighthoursofsleepisenough. Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.(3)復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞，如書名、劇名、報名、國名等，其謂語用單數(shù)：Eg.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheThameshasalargepopulation.一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如：mathematics,politics,physics,以及news,works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義是單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:Eg.Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.Physicswashermajor.“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞。表示某一類人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù):Eg.Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.精講四：就近原則 (5分鐘)就近原則：謂語動詞的人稱與最近的主語保持一致。(1)當(dāng)兩個主語由or;either---or;neither---nor;whether---or---;notonly---butalso連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致：Eg.GeorgeorIamwrong.EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.(2)therebe句型be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致：(here引導(dǎo)的句子用法相同)Eg.Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.精講五：特別注意的用法 (15分鐘)umanya/morethanone+單數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語用單數(shù):Eg.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanonegrammaticalmistakewasfoundinhiscomposition.(2)表示鳥獸魚群的詞，如aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish等作主語，謂語用單數(shù):Eg.Aflockofbirdsiscirclingoverhead.alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分?jǐn)?shù)詞+of,作主語的一部分時，與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；與不可數(shù)名詞連用，謂語用單數(shù)形式：Eg.Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromEnglish-speakingcountries.agreatdealof,anamountof,alittleof,muchof等與不可數(shù)名詞連用時,謂語用單數(shù)：Eg.Muchofthefurnitureisuncomfortable.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)：Eg.Therewereagreatmanypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.【注意】"thenumberof十復(fù)數(shù)名詞十單數(shù)謂語”，表示“…的數(shù)目”：Thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.aquantityof和quantitiesof后既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式也可接不可數(shù)名詞;aquantityof…作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于后面的名詞是否可數(shù)；而quantitiesof…作主語時，謂語動詞總用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg.Alargequantityofbookshavebeenbought.Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,alargequantityofgoodearthisbeingwashedawayeachyear.=Withmoreandmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,largequantitiesofgoodeartharebeingwashedawayeachyear.【查漏補缺】單句語法填空。Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,(be)invitedtoperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.Allweneed(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.Kathieisreadingthenotewhich(be)leftinthedrawertheotherday.NeitherInorAmy(be)toattendthebusinessconferenceifwearebusy.Ourschoolalongwithmanyotherbrothermiddleschools(be)totakeanotherjointtestnextmonth.Todayanewformofcommunication"WeChatv,which(own)aChinesenameWeixin,isbecomingthemostinfluentialtextandvoicingtoolallovertheworld.Morethanonedoctor(be)involvedintherescuethattookplaceaftertheearthquake.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth(be)beingwashedawayeachyear.Thisisbecausetwothirdsoftheearth'ssurface(be)madeupofvastoceans.【梳理優(yōu)化】【強化鞏固】單項選擇.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhichsavedforotherpurposes.A.isB.areC.wasD.wereOne-thirdofthecountrycoveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizensblackpeople.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;areD.are;isItisreportedthatmanyanewhouseatpresentinthedisasterarea.A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuiltTraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercuttingatthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibitedBarbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomenwhoeveningdress.A.wear B.wears C.haswornD.havewornSuchpoetsasShakespearewidelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,somedifficulttounderstand.A.are;areB.is;isC.are;is D.is;areAtpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairportthatitwillbringalotofjobstothearea.A.is B.areC.w川beD.wereProfessorJameswillgiveusalectureonthewesternculture,butwhenandwhereyet.A.hasn'tbeendecidedB.haven'tdecidedC.isn'tbeingdecidedD.aren'tdecided9.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexpertsthatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweekgoodforone'shealth.A.show;areB.shows;areC.show;isD.shows;areNowadays,thenumberofpeoplewhohungrybeengreatlyreduced.A.goes;haveB.goes;hasC.go;hasD.go;haveThoughthereonlyasmallquantityoffoodandwaterleft,theymanagedtoarriveatthedestination,safeandsound.A.is B.was C.were D.areTherenothingtotalkabout,soeveryoneintheroomremainedsilent.A.was B.had C.is D.hasWhenandwheretobuildthenewfactoryyet.A.hasnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.isnotdecidingD.hasnotbeendecided14.Betweenthetwobuildingsamountain.A.standB.stands C.standingD.isstandingDisplayingfeelings,atonepoint,expressingthosefeelingthroughafacialreaction.A.ismeantB.meanC.aremeantD.meansThepolicedeterminedtobringbackthemissingboywhenhisfamilyalmostgivenupallhope.A.is;hasB.are;haveC.are;hasD.is;haveEverypossiblemeanstriedbutwithoutmuchresult.A.is B.are C.hasbeen D.havebeenHisfamilyabigone.NowthefamilywatchingTV.A.is;is B.are;areC.is;areD.are;isTheLeaguesecretaryandmonitoraskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.hasB.have C.are D.isNobodyexceptBillandJohnenteredthesecondroundoftheinterview.A.haveB.has C.havebeenD.hasbeenToplaybasketballandtogotoswimmingusefulforcharacter-training.A.was B.isC.are D.wereWeeachstrongpointsandeachofus,ontheotherhand,weakpoints.A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has【課后練習(xí)】單項選擇HowandwhyJackcametoChinanotknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrarynotbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;haveNowTomtogetherwithhisclassmatesfootballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplayingTwohundredandfiftypoundstoounreasonableapriceforasecond-ha