內容課件講稿7yuhu zhang xiang river baisn

OverviewofXiangRiverNATURALCONDITIONSANDGEOGRAPHICAL SOCIOECONOMIC RIVERBASIN THETRENDOFLANDUSECHANGEINXIANGJIANGRIVER The Chang-Zhu-Tanurban South-centralof LANDUSECHANGEINTHELAST20YEARS(1985- Therateof Changesin Structural Futurelanduse LAND soil land CURRENTWATERRESOURCESTATUS, Water Water Exploitationandutilizationofwaterresourcesand Watersupply Water Thepresentwater Theexistedmain ECOLOGICAL ECOLOGICALLYSENSITIVE Specialecologicallysensitiveareas(nature APPENDIX:DATASOURCE Figure CountiesinXiangRiver Figure GDPinXiangRiverbasinin2008(million Figure Populationin Figure Minoritypopulationin9cities Figure MapoflanduseofXiangRiverBasinin Figure MapoflanduseofXiangRiverBasinin1985,1995and Figure LUCCofXiangRiverBasinduring Figure SoiltypeinXiangRiver Figure VegetationtypesinXiangRiver Figure NatureReservesinXiangRiver Table CitiesandcountiesXiangRiver Table ThesituationofindustrialscaleandGDPinXiangRiverbasin Table ThepopulationandurbanizationlevelinXiangRiver Table XiangRiverbasinofHunanprovince(9city,67 Table Majornationsincityandstate(The2000population Table ThenumberofXiangRiverbasinland-usechangein1985- Table DynamicsoflanduseinXiangRiverBasinduring Table SchedulingofmainkindsofLUCCinXiangRiverBasin Table9AnnulmeanwaterresourcesamountinXiangRiver Table WatersupplyamountinXiangRiverBasinintheyearof Table11 Waterconsumptionofeachprefecture-leveladministrativeregioninXiangRiverBasinintheyearof Table12 ComparisonofwaterconsumptionlevelinXiangRiverBasinintheyearof2010toother Table distributionoftheXiangRiverNature NaturalconditionsandgeographicalXiangRiveristhelongest,largest,mostextensiveriverinHunanprovince,whichoriginatesfromlingchuanCountyofGuangxi,flowsthoughDong'ancountytoHunanprovince,passesthroughthehillsofthetransitiontotheDongtingLakeininnanlingmountainsbasin,Yongzhou,Hengyang,Zhuzhou,XiangtanandChangsha,afterembracingalltributaries,twobranchofitpoursintotheDongtingLakeinxiangyinCountyhaoheRiver.The856-longriverage670kilometerinHunanprovince,including2,157branches,124firstlevelbranch,thedrainageareais94660km2andthebasinareainHunanprovinceis85383km2,accountingfor40%ofHunanprovince'stotalarea.In《TheoverallnningofscientificdevelopmentinXiangRiverBasin》，thenningareaofXiangRiverbasinincludesChangsha,Xiangtan,ZhuzhouandHengyang,partofChenzhou,Yongzhou,loudi,ShaoyangandYueyang,includes67counties(cities,districts),covers85,000km2.Ontheadministrativedivisions,XiangRiverbasinincludes9citiesin67counties(tableTable1CitiesandcountiesXiangRiver-levelRegions,counties,county-levelgaggggggFigure CountiesinXiangRiverTheXiangRiverisHunan'smotherriver,givesbirthtothecivilizationofHunanandXiangjiang.XiangRiverbasinisthemostdenselypopulated,themosturbanizedandthemostdevelopedineconomic,socialandculturalareasinHunanprovince.1capitalcityand7prefecture-levelcityconstitutesacoregrowthpoleinHunanprovince(Chang-Zhu-Tancitygroup),apathalongtheBeijing-ZhuhaiExpressway,Beijing-Railwaylayoutofeconomicmainaxis(Changsha,Zhuzhou,Xiangtan,Yueyang,Chenzhou,Hengyang,)andtwocentercityintheSouthregional(Yongzhou,Loudi).In2008,theregionalGDPinXiangRiverbasinreached852.629billionyuan,accountedforabout76.42%oftheprovince'sGDP.PerCapitaGDPreached20954Yuan,1.2timestheprovincialaverage.Changsha-Zhuzhou-XiangtanurbanagglomerationGDPreached456.531billionyuan,accountedfor40.92%oftheprovince'sgrossregionalproduct,53.54%percentofXiangRiverbasinregionalGDP.Table2ThesituationofindustrialscaleandGDPinXiangRiverbasin (million(million(million(million (millionriver（Datasourcefrom: Figure GDPinXiangRiverbasinin2008(millionRiverbasinXiangRiverbasininHunanprovinceisfocusedmostofthepopulation.XiangRiverbasininlate2008,atotalpopulationof40.6943millionpeople,accountingforabout59.45%oftheprovince'spopulation.Populationintheurbanpopulationof18.4millionpeople,theruralpopulationofmillionpeople,theurbanizationrateof45.21%,3.06%higherthantheentireprovinceaveragelevel.Seetable3.Table ThepopulationandurbanizationlevelinXiangRivertotalpopulation(tenXiangRiverChangshaZhuzhouXiangtanHengyangYueyangChenzhouYongzhouLoudiShaoyangDatasource:HunanprovincebureauofstatisticsstatisticaldatainFigure PopulationinSource:Geography,Table XiangRiverbasinofHunanprovince(9city,67InMayAgellethnic50-315-49574375500515-115-20-8082026060-60+old5--13-Table Majornationsincityandstate(The2000populationktheHan1theMiao23the4theBai5theHui6789Figure Minoritypopulationin9citiesSource:Geography,TheTrendofLandUseChangeinXiangjiangRiverXiangRiverBasinliesbetween24°31'~29′Ninlatitudeand110°30'~114°Einlongitudein.XiangRiverbasinLocatedinthesouthernpartoftheChangling,northoftheNanlingMountains,EastoftheMufuMountains,WestoftheHengshanMountains.Basinareaof94660km2,includingHunan85383km2,90.2%percentofthetotalarea,Guangxi9.8%percentofthetotalarea,40.3ofthewaterbasinareaofHunanProvince.XiangRiverbasinis40.3%percentofthetotalHunanprovince.TypeofXiangRiverbasingeologyisdominatedbyredandyellow,andavarietyofsoiltypes.Itsvegetationissubtropicalevergreenbroad-leavedarea.Itwetlandsincluderiverswetlands,lakeswetlands,MarshwetlandsandConstructedwetland[1].TheXiangRiverBasinincludingChangsha,Xiangtan,Zhuzhou,Hengyang,andmostofallChenzhouandYongzhou,smallpartofLoudi,ShaoyangandYueyang.Referencesfor<generallandusenninginHunanProvince[2]>totheregionaldivisionofHunanProvince,andtwomajorcitiesasaunitunderstandingoflanduseintheXiangRiverbasin.Chang-Zhu-TanurbanChang-Zhu-TanurbanagglomerationincludesthecityofChangsha,Zhuzhou,Xiangtan,alongtheXiangRiverina"pin-shaped"distribution,itlocatedinXiangRiverbasin.Itareaof2.8088millionhectaresofland,13.26%percentofthetotalareaofHunanProvince,628,300hectaresofcultivatedland,285,500hectaresoflandforconstructionin2005.Towns surrounding1.3824millionhectaresoflandavailableforconstructionlandresources.In2010,618,600hectaresofcultivatedlandty,314,400hectaresoflandforconstructionpurposes.Theincreasedconstructionareaof30,100hectares,andituseoffarmland12,200hectares.Percapitaurbanindustrialandmininglandfortheconstructionof103squaremeters.South-centralofSouth-centralofHunanincludedinLoudi,Hengyang,Chenzhou,YongzhoufourcitiesandjunctionwithGuangdongandGuangxi.Relativelylargereservesofarablelandresourceandrichinmineralresources,includingnanlingareaisasetofnon-ferrousmetalmineral-richarea.Itareaof6.4983millionhectaresofland,30.67%percentofthetotalareaofHunanProvince,1158,800hectaresofcultivatedland,397,400hectaresoflandforconstructionin2005.Townssurrounding1.8291millionhectaresoflandavailableforconstructionlandresources.Thetotalpopulationis16.7083millionandpercapitaGDPof$11,800in2005.In2010,1143,500hectaresofcultivatedlandty,413,000hectaresoflandforconstructionpurposes.Theincreasedconstructionareaof17,200hectares,andituseoffarmland8,500hectares.Percapitaurbanindustrialandmininglandfortheconstructionof94squaremeters.Figure MapoflanduseofXiangRiverBasinin2ESAGlobCover:Resolution300Source:GlobalChangeparametersdatabasesofthe AcademyofSciencesComputerNetworkInformationLandUseChangeinthelast20years(1985-Figure MapoflanduseofXiangRiverBasinin1985,1995andTherateofAbsolutechangeURelativerateofchangeKTheannualrateofchangeisaresearchareaintheearly fortheendofthestudyarea,TisthestudyTable ThenumberofXiangRiverbasinland-usechangein1985-

ion

d 年年3年年4K（年）年年R（年 年

年From

ThegeneraltrendofLandUseChangeinXiangRiverBasiniscultivatedland, grasslandland,andunusedlandreduce,thewatersandconstructionlandIncreasein1985-2007.In1985-1995thecultivatedland, andgrasslandareaisreduced,by0.38%percentand0.08%percentrespectively,theannualdeclinerateof0.04%and0.01%respectively.Thewaters,constructionlandandUnusedlandisincrease,by5.17%,5.74%and6.15%,respectively,48.98%,50.33%and0.68%respectivelyofthetotalincrement,annualincrementrateof0.51%,0.56%and0.60%respectively.Thefarmland, andgrassland,andunusedlandisdecreasethe47116.40hm2,17527.28hm2and647.49hm2respectively,theannualdeclinerateof0.01%,0.03%and3.79%respectively.Thewaterandconstructionlandisincreasedby5.89%and33.8%,respectivelyin1995~2007.ThefarmlanddecreaseandconstructionlandincreaseisXiangRivermainchangesoflanduseinstudytime.Thefarmlandreductionisanecessaryresultofurbanization.Besidesfarmland,theandgrasslandalsopresentsabigdownwardtrend,whichdisagreementwiththeexisting"returningfarmlandtos"inHunanProvince.Thereasonisthat1.Constructionofwaterconservancyfacilitiesleadtoareasflooded;PromotingagriculturalindustrialstructureadjustmentinHunanProvince,theoriginalgarden,grassland,woodlandandpondschangetothefarmlandin1997~2000;3theandgrasslanddestructionbytheUrbanizationProcess.ChangesinLandusedynamicindexisLandusedynamicindexoftypeI respectively,fortheamountoftransferredandtotalamountofgoouttothetypeIlandinstudytime.、respectively,tostudythebeginningandendoftypeIlandofarea.Tisthestudytime.Table DynamicsoflanduseinXiangRiverBasinduring nlandsedlandRiver26 5 5

2 9

Fromtab.2XiangRiverBasinlandusedynamictobe0.32%in1885~2007,1995-2007oflanduseis5.4timesin1985-1995.Duringthestudyperiod,XiangRiverbasinlandusedynamicisunusedland>constructionland>waters>farmland> andgrassland,thetwosortofresearchwithinthesegmentandconsistentthroughoutthestudyperiodsort.Twotimesortingthesamewithallthestudyperiod.Thesignificantincreaseinthefarmlandandconstructionlandandmuchhigherthanthecorrespondinggrowthrateofothertypesin1995-2007.FarmlandlanddynamicincreasebecauseofagriculturalindustrialstructureadjustmentandconstructionlandcomesfromspeeduptheprocessofStructuralTheprocessoflandusechangeinformationVischangemaptypecode;Tisthechangeofintervalnumber; isstudythebeginningoftheclasscode； istheclasscodeofrelativetoaperiodafterVorafterT.Figure7LUCCofXiangRiverBasinduringFrom1985~1995,XiangRiverbasininthemiddle-upperregionishighfluctuations.Themainshowischangeof andgrasslandtofarmlandandtothewaters.1995~2007,XiangRiverbasininthemiddle-downstreamregionishighfluctuations.ThelowerreachesofChangsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtandominatedbychangesoffarmlandtoconstructionland.XiangRiverinthemiddlereachesofthechangesoffarmlandtoandgrassland.Table8SchedulingofmainkindsofLUCCinXiangRiverBasinAtlasofthechange andgrass

andgrass

andgrassAtlasoftheandandgrassconstructionlandAtlasoftheandandgrassconstructionlandFromtab.3

ThetotallandusechangeinXiangRiverbasinis602174.44hm2,anditis6.94%percentofthetotalareaoftheregionin1985~2007.b)andgrasslandtofarmland,farmlandtoandgrasslandandfarmlandtoconstructionlandarethemaintypesinall20changemaptype.Theyare60.25%percentoftotalregionalarea.Theresultsofthis,isimplemented"returningfarmlandto"ecologicalmeasuresinHunanprovinceinthelate90toearly21stcentury.Farmlandtoconstructionlandmainlyin-Zhuzhou-Xiangtanregion,relatedtotherapidurbanizationprocessintheFuturelanduseBy2020,theChangsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtanurbanareaof605,500hectaresoffarmland,510,600hectaresoftheprotectionfarmland,365,300hectaresoftotalconstructionland,thepercapitaurbanconstructionofindustrialandminingareaofnotmorethan102squaremeters;SouthCentralareaof1145,800hectaresoffarmland,983,600hectaresoftheprotectionfarmland442,200hectaresoftotalconstructionland,thepercapitaurbanconstructionofindustrialandminingareaofnotmorethan98squaremeters,basedon<thelandusenninginHunanProvince(2006-2020)>.ThegeneraltrendofLandUseChangeinXiangRiverBasiniscultivatedland,andgrasslandland,andunusedlandreduce,thewatersandconstructionlandIncreasein1985-2007.ThefarmlanddecreaseandconstructionlandincreaseisXiangRivermainchangesoflanduse.Constructionlandandwatersaresustainedandstablegrowth.XiangRiverBasinlandusedynamictobe0.32%in1885~2007,1995-2007oflanduseis5.4timesin1985-1995.Duringthestudyperiod,XiangRiverbasinlandusedynamicisunusedland>constructionland>waters>farmland>andgrassland,thetwosortofresearchwithinthesegmentandconsistentthroughoutthestudyperiodsort.ThetotallandusechangeinXiangRiverbasinis602174.44hm2,anditis6.94%percentofthetotalareaoftheregionin1985~2007.andgrasslandtofarmland,farmlandtoandgrasslandandfarmlandtoconstructionlandarethemaintypesinall20changemaptype.Theyare60.25%percentoftotalregionalarea.Changsha-Zhuzhou–Xiangtan,HengyangandYongzhouisamajorchangearea.landsoilXiangRiverbasinwasmainlyusedforredsoilandyellowsoilinavarietyofsoiltypes.Zonalsoiltypemainlyhasthreecategories,namelyredsoil,mountainyellowsoil,mountainmeadowZonalsoiltypemainlyhasfourcategories,namelycalcareoussoil(includingblack,yellow,brown,red,etc.),purplesoil(includingcalcareous,neutralandacidicsub-types),moisturesoilandpaddysoil(floodedsterility,Storagesterility,Permeabilitysterility,Gleyed,etc.).Andredsoilacidityisstrong,pHvalueof4.5~6.0,mountainyellowsoilisacidicorstronglyacidic,andwidelydistributed.Therefore,XiangRiverbasinsoilacidificationphenomenonisrelativelycommon.Figure SoiltypeinXiangRiverlandXiangRiverbasin,thetotallandareaof9.46squarekilometers,Mostareasformountain,andabout47.99%ofthelandusetypesinland;Followedbythecultivatedland,accountingfor33.69%,overthepastdecade(2002-2012),increasingareaofland,constructionland,grassland,theamountofcultivatedland,thewatersoftheotherclassesarereduced.Themainreasonforthechangeis(Returningfarmlandto,farmlandandgrasslandproject)、citytransportationinfrastructureconstructionanddevelopment.Returningfarmlandtoprojectisstaedecologicalrestorationproject,Hunanprovincein2000inYongshun,Yuanling,Sangzhi,Longhui4countieslaunchedpilotonreturningfarmlandto,expandingto24countiesin2001,rolloutin2002,theprovince'simplementation.Bytheendof2013,Hunannationaltaskonreturningfarmlandtoof21.14millionmu,ofwhich7.56millionmuwoodlandafation,11.365millionacresofwastehillsorunreclaimlandssuitableforafation,afationof2.215millionmu,humanprovincehadfinished.Involvedintheprovince's112counties(field),3.1million,andtheagriculturalpopulation11.5millionpeople.Thefirst14yearsinarow.In2000theprovince'scoveragefrom52.44%to52.44%,increasedbyXiangRiverbasinhavecompletedreturningfarmlandtoof8.4985millionmuin67counties,Ofwoodlandnting2.7477millionacres,4.6406millionacresofwastehillsorunreclaimlandssuitableforafation,afationof1.1102millionmu.InthefutureofXiangRiverbasin,67countiesstillneedreturningfarmlandtoof4.0669millionmu,nningthecompletionkeyprotectedareas(suchashunanendowmentinyuanliriversource,keyheadwatercatentareas、drinkingsourceofwater、thekeytopreventsoilandwaterlossreserve).Currentwaterresourcestatus,WaterTheaverageannualrainfallinXiangRiveris1490mm.Rainfallischaracterizedbyunevendistribution.XiangRiverwatershedsurroundedbymountains,northoftheopenings,formingahorseshoe-shapedtrough,whileRivervalleytroughismoreconducivetotheinvasionofcoldairanddepth.Whenspringandsummer,alternatingbetweenwarmandcoldairmasses,precipitationsurgesorainfallconcentratedfromApriltoJune.Theannualaveragerainfallis617.9mm,accountingfor42.9%theyear.JulytoSeptemberintothedryseason,annualaveragerainfallof318.2mm,22.1%oftheyear.OctobertonextMarchtherainfallisonly504.7mm,onlyaccountingfor35.0%ofthewholeyear.Annualdistributionoftheprecipitationisuneven,whosegeneraldeteriorationis2to3times.Ongeographicaldistribution,itismuchmoreinthepartofnorthandsouth,whilelessincenter.Therearetwomainstormcenterbasins,namelyGuidongandLiuyangarea,locatedinsoutheastandnortheastHunanrespectively.ItalsoappearedinDupanglinginthejunctionofHunanandGuangxiandJiuyishanarealocatedinXiaoshuiupstream.Theannualaverageevaporationoverthebasinwas1275.Accordingto‘theinvestigationevaluationofexploitationofwaterresourcesintheYangtzeRiverarea’,theamountofannualaveragesurfacewaterresourcesandgroundwaterresourceswere78.617billionm3and18.593billionm3from1956to2000inXiangjiangRiver,whichbotharetherepeatingamountofsurfacewaterresources.Thetotalwaterresourcesamountwas78.617billionm3,accountingfor7.9%oftheYangtzeRiverbasin.Thewaterresourcesamountpercapitainthebasinwas2251m3,andtheamountofwaterresourcesofarablelandperacreswas2940m3.TheaveragetotalwaterresourcesamountofXiangRiverBasinispresentedinTable9.Table9AnnulmeanwaterresourcesamountinXiangRiver(Unit:hundredmillionThree-gradezonesofwaterresourcesSurfaceDistinctamount resourcesamount 00.78. 03WaterIn2010,inthe3173.9kmevaluatedXiangRiver(inHunanProvince),II,IIIGradewateraccountedfortheproportionoftheevaluatedriverlengthwas70.3%yearly,70.3%forthefloodseasonand70.1%forthenon-floodperiod.ThereachesforpoorwaterqualitywasmainlyYongzhou,Hengyang,Zhuzhou,XiangtanandChangshasectioninXiangjiangmainstream,andZhengshui,Leishui,Chenshui,Lushui,Lianshui,Ceshui,Sunshui,LiuyangRiverandLaodaoheWeidownstreamriverinthetributaryofXiangjiang.Themainprojectforexcessivearefecalcoliform,ammonia,petroleum,totalphosphorus,volatilephenolanddissolvedoxygen.ThewaterqualityofLvpangtoureachatthejunctionofGuangxiandHunanwasclassThewaterqualityofJinyushireachofshuiatthejunctionofJiangxiandHunanwasclassV,andthemainexceededprojectwasfecalcoliform.ExploitationandutilizationofwaterresourcesandWatersupplyIntheyearof2010,thetotalamountofwatersupplyofXiangRiverwas17.683billionm3,ofwhichsurfacewatersupplytywas16.598billionm3,Groundwatersupplywas1.083billionm3,accountingfor93.86%and6.13%ofthetotal,respectively.Otherwatersourcessupplywaslittle,0.02millionm3.TheamountofsurfacewatersupplyisthemainsourceofwatersupplyofXiangjiangWatersupplyamountinXiangRiverBasinforeachdistrictintheyearof2010arepresentedinTableTable WatersupplyamountinXiangRiverBasinintheyearof(Unit:tenthousandThree-grade supplyamountsupplyamount 20000000 0081100003XiangRiverWaterIntheyearof2010,totalwaterconsumptioninXiangRiverwas17.683billionm3.Residentialdomesticwaterconsumptionwas1.747billionm3,ofwhichtownresidentswaterconsumption1.013billionm3,ruralresidentslivingwaterwas734millionm3;industrialwaterconsumptionwas4.855billionm3;agriculturalwaterconsumptionis103.08billionm3,ofwhichirrigationwaterwas9.775billionm3,livestockwaterconsumptionwas273millionm3,Silvopastoralandfisherywaterconsumptionwas260millionm3;urbanpublicwaterconsumptionwas589millionm3;theecologicalenvironmentvolumewas184millionm3,andtheproportionofthedomestic,industrial,agricultural,urbanpublic,theecologicalenvironmentwaterconsumptionaccountedforthetotalwas9.88%,27.46%,58.29%,3.33%and1.04%,respectively.Waterconsumptionofeachprefecture-leveladministrativeregioninXiangRiverBasinintheyearof2010areinTable11.Table11Waterconsumptionofeachprefecture-leveladministrativeregioninXiangRiverBasinintheyearof2010(Unit:tenthousandandTertiary nuclearPower000030000600000000000000000000000000XiangRiverThepresentwaterIntheyearof2010,waterconsumptionpercapitainXiangRiverBasinwas506m3,per10,000Yuan’sGDPwaterconsumptionwas166m3,per10,000Yuan’sindustrialaddedvaluewaterconsumptionwas101m3,grosswaterconsumptionforagriculturalirrigationperacreswas504m3,theindexoftowndomesticintegratedwaterconsumptionwas265L/.day,theindexofruralresidentslivingwaterconsumptionwas109L/.day.ComparedwiththeYangtzeRiverandDongtingLakewatersystem,theper10,000Yuan’sindustrialaddedvaluewaterconsumptionoftheXiangRiverwaslower;per10,000Yuan’sGDPwaterconsumptionwashigherthantheYangtzeRiverandlowerthanDongtingLakewatersystem;andotherwaterconsumptionlevelswerehigherthantheaveragelevelofDongtingLakeandtheYangtzeRiverBasin.ComparisonofwaterconsumptionlevelinXiangRiverBasinintheyearof2010tootherregionsareinTable12.Table12ComparisonofwaterconsumptionlevelinXiangRiverBasinintheyearoftoother Towndomestic(L/A. irrigationperXiang RiverTheexistedmainXiangRiverwaterresourcesarerelativelyabundant,theaccountpercapitaandperacresofwaterresourcesishigherthantheleveloftheYangtzeRiverandDongtingLakewatersystem,butbecauseoftheunevendistributionandinadequatewatersupplyengineering,therestillremainthefollowingproblemsonwaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilization:InXiangRiverBasin,withpopulationgrowingandurbandevelo,non-agriculturalwaterdemandincreasedrapidly,approachingtheupperlimitofthetotalamountofwaterdevelopmentandutilizationofwaterresources,andeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofriverbasinisfacingshortageofwaterresourcescarryingcapacity.TheamountofwaterresourcesinXiangRiverwatershedarerelativelyabundant,butspatialandtemporaldistributionisextremelyuneven.AtXiangtanstation-oneofbasincontrolhydrologicalstations,theumvalueofmeasuredflowwas20800m3/s,whiletheminimumvaluewasonly100m3/s,upto200-folddifferencebetweenthewetanddry.Inrecentyears,duetotheimpactofglobalclimatechangeandhumanactivities,thecontradictionbetweenwetanddryunevenlymayexacerbatethesituation.AlthoughtheXiangRiverwatershedhasmorethan5000multiplehydropowerprojects,butmostofthemwaslow-headdam,sluiceandpowerstations,lackofregulationcapacity,strongstoragecapacityofwaterallocationprojects,itisdifficulttosolvetheproblemofseasonalwatershortagescausedbytheunevenspatiotemporaldistributionofwaterresourcesinXiangRiverHunanisvigorouslypromotingurbanizationandnewindustrializationprocess,withthefocusonpromotingregionalpopulationandeconomicexpansionXiangRiverurbanization,industrialization,urbanscale,isboundtoleadtoincreasethesizeoftheexpansionofwatersupplyandwatersupplyguaranteeraterequirements,waterthesupplyanddemandwill emoreprominent,inturn,willhavearestrictedareaofeconomicandpopulationgrowth.Sewagedischargeincreased,waterenvironmentaldegradation,thepeople’slivearefacingadoublechallengefrombothwatertyandqualityinthebasin.Industrialpollutionsources,livingpollutionsourcesandagriculturalnonpointsourcepollutionaremoreseriousinthebasin.Accordingtostatistics,wastewaterdischargeamounted1.537billiontinthebasin,ofwhichCODwas55.51milliontandammoniawas5.39milliont.Currently,waterpollutionissuesintheXiangRiverwatershedareoutstandingandwaterqualitycompliancefunctionareawasonly60%.Citiesabovecountylevelinthebasintotakewaterqualitycomplianceareonly45,withthewaterqualitycompliancerateofonly70%.Onruralwatersupply,althoughtheimplementationofsafedrinkingwaterprojectsinruralareasmakesthewatersafelevelofprotectionimproved,butbecausewaterresourcesoftheruralriversandreservoirslackeffectiveprotection,watersourceisalsothreatened.Waterefficiencyandeffectivenessislow,itisdifficulttomakeextensivewatermanagementofwaterresourcestosupportsustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopment.Agriculturalirrigationwaterconsumptionoccupiesmorethanhalfofthetotalamountofwaterresourcesinthebasin,butlargeirrigatedcseepagelossesandcwaterutilizationcoefficientisonlyabout0.48;someindustrialwaterconsumptionequipmentwasobsoleteandtechnologywasbackward,leadingtothelowwaterreuse;urbandomesticwastewaterisserious,residents’water-savingawarenessispoor,waterconsumptioninpubliccesandpublicfacilitiesishigh.Accordingtothestatusofwaterefficiency,thewatershortageinthefuturewillbeveryprominent,andthebasin'seconomicandsocialdevelopmentwillencounterbottlenecksandunsustainablewater.Riverecologicalenvironmentwasthreatenedandecologicalcivilizationconstructionandnewruralconstructionwasaffected.Duetothemoredevelopedprecludemininginthebasin,coupledwithacceleratingurbanizationandhumanactivitiessuchasfrequentconstructionandrandomandseriousoccupationofshoreline,watersandrivers,alongwiththequiteprominentaddedsoilerosionproblem,especiallydisorderlyriversandmining,gold,theriverbedandriverregimewasdestroyed,affectingfloodsafetyandendangeringriverhealth.CascadehydropoweronXiangjiangRiver,Leishui,Mishui,Xiaoshuiandothermajortributarieshasbeenbasicallycompleted,butmostofthemarelowheaddam.Inthedryseason,schedulingmismanagementwillleadtounevenwaterdischarged,orcausecontaminationsavings,orcauseecologicaldownstreamtrafficsafetydeficienciesaffectingregionalandbasin’secologicalsafe.Especiallyduetothe