出現(xiàn)頻率較高詞根優(yōu)優(yōu)樂(lè)學(xué)

詞。從英語(yǔ)發(fā)展的歷史中我們知道，現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)的祖先是日耳曼語(yǔ)言持有者-人的語(yǔ)言，他們于公元時(shí)期的兩次大規(guī)模，英語(yǔ)吸收了大量的希臘語(yǔ)、拉丁語(yǔ)的一些詞匯，其中很多以詞根aer(o)=air空氣aerial空氣的/ ne飛alt=highaltitudeanim=lifeanimalanimateunanimousannu(enni)=year年 /annual年度的arch(y)=ruleanarchy狀態(tài)/monarchy君主政體astro(aster)=star星astrology占星術(shù)/astronomy天文學(xué)audi(audit)=hear聽(tīng)audience聽(tīng)眾/audit旁聽(tīng)、審計(jì)aut-(auto-)=self自我autocrat者/autograph親筆/ bio(bi)=life生命biology生物學(xué)/bioticcardi=heartcardiac心臟的/cardinalced(ceed,cess)=goprecede領(lǐng)先/exceedprocesscert=certain確定的certify證實(shí) 證明chrom=colour顏色monochrome單色的/photochrome彩色circ=ring環(huán)形circus馬戲場(chǎng)/circle圓圈/circulate流通、流傳mcred=believe相信credible可信的/credulous輕信的/credit信任cycl(o)=circle圓cycle圓/bicycle自行車(chē)/cyclonedent=tooth牙齒dentist牙醫(yī)/tridentdict=say說(shuō)dictation口述、聽(tīng)寫(xiě)/dictator者/predictduct= educate教育/irde介紹/conductor（）售票ego=I我egoist自我主義/egocentricequ=equal相等的 /equivalent相等的/equator赤flu=l流動(dòng)fluent流利的、流暢的/influence影響/fluid液體（的fus=pour灌注refuse回絕、/confuse使…糊涂、 /profuse充沛gam=aimonogamy一夫一妻制/polygamy多配偶gram=wt,sthwin寫(xiě)、畫(huà)；文字、圖形gr r語(yǔ)法/diagram圖表/egram電報(bào)graph=write;sthwieinstrumentformakingrecords寫(xiě)，畫(huà)；文字圖形；用于文字圖形的儀器photograph/ egraph電報(bào)機(jī)/graphics制圖法habit=e居住habitant居住者/iai居住于hal=breatheinhale吸/exhale呼hydrowater水hydroelectrichydrologyject=throw投擲project投擲；計(jì)劃/inject注射/rejectjn=connect連接jcin結(jié)合（點(diǎn)）/conjunction連接詞/adjunctlater=side邊 l單方面的/ l雙邊的 l側(cè)面lglg=lw法lg法律的/ln=languageigsc語(yǔ)言學(xué)/bigual兩種語(yǔ)言的/ulnaliter=letter文字 te識(shí)字的/ ture文學(xué)/ l= celocal地方的/locate放置/dislocatelg=speak說(shuō)dialogue/apology道歉/logic邏l=moon月亮lar月亮的/superlunary天上的/translunarmar=sea海marine海上的/baie潛水艇/mariculturemt=msiggeometry地理/barometer氣壓計(jì)/diameter直徑mn=small小minify使縮小/minimum最小量/miniature微型物nov=new新的novel新奇的；小說(shuō)/innovate創(chuàng)新/renovatenutri=nourish營(yíng)養(yǎng)nutrition營(yíng)養(yǎng)/aurinpel=push推propel推動(dòng)/ /repel反port=carry運(yùn)portable可攜帶的/import進(jìn)口/porter搬運(yùn)工pos=put放expose使 /compose編，創(chuàng)作/oppose反抗pur=pure純凈的purify凈化/purity純凈/ipiy不凈rect=right正、直correct正確/rectify糾正/erect豎立rupt=break破interrupt打斷/disrupt/erupt噴發(fā)scend(s)=i攀爬ascend上升/descend下降/transcendscrib(pt)=write寫(xiě)describe描寫(xiě)/scripture手稿/subscribesect=cut切割iet昆蟲(chóng)/bisect二等分/dissectsent(e)feel感覺(jué)sentiment感情/consent同意/sensationsol=alonesolo獨(dú)唱/solitary單獨(dú)的/desolateson=soundsonicresonantstereosonicspir=breathe呼吸c(diǎn)onspire同謀/inspire鼓舞/expirestruct=build建造structure結(jié)構(gòu)/construct建造/destructione=far遠(yuǎn) escope望遠(yuǎn)鏡/ egram電報(bào)/ evision電視thermo=heat熱t(yī)hermos熱水瓶/thermochemistry熱化學(xué)tract=draw拉tractor拖拉機(jī)/attract吸引/contract合同vert=turn轉(zhuǎn)subvert/divert轉(zhuǎn)向/reverse翻vsvid=seevisible可見(jiàn)的/visit參觀(guān)/advise建議/evidentviv=i活survive比…活得長(zhǎng)/revive/vivid生動(dòng)2前綴詞綴分為前綴和后綴兩種。在大多數(shù)情況下，前綴往往改變?cè)~根的詞義，而后綴改變的是原詞根的詞性。筆者結(jié)合閱讀實(shí)踐過(guò)程中的實(shí)際用途，根據(jù)前綴的不同具有加強(qiáng)的常用前綴有(包括改變?cè)~性的使前綴)：這一類(lèi)前綴中有的僅僅加強(qiáng)詞根的意義，如attract；有的使前綴則改變?cè)~根的詞性，如assure則由原來(lái)的形容詞sure加強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)。(變體有：ac-,ad-,af-,ag-,an-,ap,ar-,atfi申明\aggrieve使苦惱\announce宣布\appraise贊揚(yáng)\arrange安排\assure使安心\attract吸引be-例如：befall降臨\bethinkde-例如：delimit界定\designe-(變體有ef-\em-\en-\ex-)evaluate評(píng)價(jià)\embody體現(xiàn)\enchainili-\inilmae照亮\illustrateiue沖動(dòng)\inflame著火（變體有ab-\an-）例如：asocial不好社交的\ ual無(wú)的\abuse\不正常的\anarchism主atantiwar反戰(zhàn)的\ contra-contra-mse反的\contradictcounter-counterrevolution\ de-demobilize\ 砍伐森林\dal火車(chē)出軌\devalue貶值dfdfuedis-dislike厭惡\dishonest不誠(chéng)實(shí)的\disability\disorganize解散\discolor使褪色\distract分散（注意力等hyper-heesie過(guò)度敏感的\ il-i\in-\ir-)illegal的\immoral不道德的\irur非經(jīng)常mlmle\anrin營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良\afcin功能失msmse錯(cuò)誤\mistrustout-outnumber在數(shù)量上超過(guò)\outflow流出\outlaw奪去法律上的權(quán)利over-overuseoverlookoverthrowre-reclaim收回\reverse反轉(zhuǎn)的retro-retrogresssuper-(supra-)superpowersupersensitivesur-surface表面\surplusun-unreal虛\unconditional無(wú)條件的\unjust不公正的\unchanged未改變的\unlock開(kāi)鎖\unearth出土vice- 副總統(tǒng)/vice-chairmanante-=before:antecedentpre-ab-=awayfromcircum-=aroundcircumstance\circumscribecom-=wh,togetheromtde-=downfromdeceitdis-=awaydischargeeefexexo）outevadeexportexcludeex-extra-=outsideextracurricularextraordinaryipimre\indoor室內(nèi)\intake吸納inter-=betweeninterfere\interlude插intra-=insideintramural在城市或者建筑內(nèi)的\irnt內(nèi)部網(wǎng)絡(luò)（out-=outoutdoorulwpara(pari-)-=around,nearparasite\pericardial心臟周?chē)鷓er-=throughpost-=afterpostwar戰(zhàn)后\posterity后代pre-=beforeprewar戰(zhàn)前\prehistory史前pro-=forwardprotrude伸出\progress前進(jìn)re-=backrecall回憶\re l復(fù)述retro-=backretrogress退步\retrogradesuper-=abovesuperstructuresuperficialsur-=oversurface表面\surmounttrans-=acrosstransatlantic橫越的\transportunder-=underunderground的\underwearultra-=beyondultraviolet—全部 holographymono-monoxide一氧化物\monotonepan-Pan-Americanonomnipresent\omnipotentuni-二amphi-amphibianb-iiuld-dialogue\dioxide\twi-twowi；黃昏dmdemigodhm-hemispherequasi-halfusofficial的para-halfrmiay準(zhǔn)軍事性的smhalfsemicircle半圓三tri-threetriangletetra--七h(yuǎn)epta-=sevenheptagonseptsevenSeptemberoctaeightoctagon十deca-=tendecagondc=onetenth百千kl=thousandioam\ml iirmacro-=micro-=小in-=littleminibus\m多multi-=uta poly-=manyplyleco-（col-\com-\con-\cor-）cooperation\collaboration\\contemporary\re-=againrewrite\rebuild1-ble:包括：-able:readable\lovable\knowable ble-ible:\\conductible名詞一般是-ability\-ibility：infl biy\sensibility2-al包括：-a al\national名詞一般是- alitynationality-ialialdictatorial-ical:typicalsymbolicalbiological(一般由結(jié)尾為-y的名詞派生-ananrepublicanAei-eanEuropeanianEgyptianCanadian-arar:similar\solarular:-ed:colored\gifted\-ern:eastern\-ese: \Japanese（名詞和形容詞同形-fold:twofold\-ful:useful-ic包括：-ic:atomic\historic-istic: ic\realistic-tic:dramatic\romantic-l:infantile\-ing:changing\-ior:exterior\-ish:childish\reddish\English-ist:socialist\-iveiie:sensitive\primitiveive:protective\-less:homeless\-i:childlike\-ly:friendly\costly\daily-ntantassistantexpectant-entinsistentdifferent-ousaceous:curvaceousherbaceous-acious:vivacious-eousrighteous正直的