高中虛擬語氣入門篇

虛擬語氣theSubjunctiveMoodTimeinabottle

---JimCroce….IfIcouldmakedayslastforeverIfwordscouldmakewishescometrueIwouldsaveeverydaylikeatreasureandthenAgain,Iwouldspendthemwithyou….Ifyoutakeitseriously,youwillwriteagoodarticle.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillnotworryaboutexams.Ifeveryonestudiedhard,Iwouldfeelproudofyou.Iftherewerenoexam,youwouldbehappyandrelaxed.Step1語氣的分類英語的動詞一般可帶三種不同的語氣:陳述語氣,祈使語氣虛擬語氣。不同的語氣用動詞的不同形式來表示。虛擬語氣(TheSubjunctiveMood)

表示說話人所說的話不是事實,而是一種假設,愿望,懷疑或推測.虛擬語氣主要用于if條件狀語從句,也可用于名詞性從句等.if條件狀語從句中的虛擬句

1.表示與現在事實相反

的假設2.表示與過去事實相反

的假設3.表示與將來事實相反

的假設Step2表示與現在事實相反的假設,IfI

were

male,I

would

jointhearmy.IfIhadenoughtimerightnow,Iwouldvisitmymother-in–lawinShanxi.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現在過去時(were)would/could/should/might+V.(原)IfIwonthelottery,Iwould…IfIwerePrincipalofourschool,…Ifwedidn’thavecomputers,…IfIlivedinAfrica,….接龍游戲

Herearefoursituations.Pleasemakeupasentenceinoneminuteinagroupoffour.

Practice1a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenWealth,successandloveSurprised,theladyaskedWealthandSuccess:"IonlyinvitedLove,Whyareyoucomingin?"Theoldmenrepliedtogether:"IfyouhadinvitedWealthorSuccess,theothertwoofuswouldhavestayedout,butsinceyouinvitedLove,whereverHegoes,wegowithhim.WhereverthereisLove,thereisalsoWealthandSuccess!"

(2).與過去的事實相反IfIhadnotpreparedmylesson,Iwouldhavecheckedyourhomework.

Ididn’tcheckyourhomework.IfIhadgotupearlierthismorning,Icouldhavewalkedmysontoschool.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式過去haddonewould/could/should/might+havedoneIfhe__________(drive)morecarefully,

he_________________(not/have)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddriven

wouldnothavehad

Practice2IfI________(learn)howtoswim,I_____________________(nottrap)onthisisland.hadlearnt

wouldnothavebeentrapped

IfI___________(know)yourtelephonenumber,I______________________(telephone)youyesterday.had

knownwouldhavetelephonedIfI____________

busylastnight,I_______________toseethefilmwithyou.had

not

beenwould

have

gonea.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtExercise2:AFillintheblanks.c.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegone1Ifhe_______,he_____thatfood.Luckily,hewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavewarned;hadnottakenB2_____fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.IfyoushouldarriveIfyouarrivedC.IfyouhadarrivedD.ShouldyouarriveC(3).與將來事實相反IfyouwereadmittedtoPekinguniversityin2014,youwould…Ifhe

got

upearlytomorrow,

shouldget

weretogethe

wouldbe

ontime.條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式未來1.過去時2.should+V.3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)假如他來了,我們對他說什么呢？Ifhe

______________(come),what

should

wesaytohim?假如他看見我,就會認識我。Ifhe

_____________(see)me,he_____________(know)me.weretocome/came/shouldcomeshouldseewouldknowPractice3a.Ifthere________(be)nonaturalresourceanymore,we___________(make)useofnuclearpower.b.What____________(happen)ifyou____________(getup)toolatetomorrow?shouldbe/wereshouldmakewouldhappenshouldgetup/gotup/weretogetupExercise3:Fillintheblanksc.IfRobots_____________(control)theworldsomeday,there________(be)nofriendship.weretocontrolwouldbeIfhe___________tomorrow,hewouldfindMr.Wangintheoffice.A.comesB.willcomeC.weretocomeD.comeIfhe____inadayortwo,Iwouldwaitforhim.A.returnsB.shouldhavereturnedC.weretoreturnD.havereturned條件從句If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現在過去未來V+

ed(were)had

donewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+have+done1.V.+

ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretoV.(原)would/could/should/might+V.(原)虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法4虛擬的省略與倒裝should/had/were提前

IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotdoso.-----WereIyou,Iwouldnotdoso.Exercise41Ifhewereaboy,hewouldjointhearmy.2Ifhehadknowntheanswer,hewouldhavetoldme.Hadheknowntheanswer,hewould….3Ifthereshouldbenonaturalresources,wewouldusenuclearpower.Shouldtherebenonaturalresources,we….Wereheaboy,hewould

jointhearmy.IfIhadn’tlistenedtomyfatherandchosentobeateacher,Iwouldneverbehere.IfIhadexercisedmoreinhighschool,Iwouldbemuchtallernow.IfIwereassmartasyou,IwouldhavestudiedatBeijingUniversity.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedsuchimportantcompetition.

主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時間,這時主從句位于動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不同而不同,這叫做混合條件句。

Ifyou

hadasked

himyesterday,you

would

know

whattodonow.句中從句與過去事實相反,主句與現在事實相反混合條件句Ifthestaff_______(be)morecareful,theoffice

_______________(notbe)

onfirenow.hadbeenwouldnotbePractice4Exercise51IfI_______________(follow)hisadvice,I_________(be)thewinnernow.2Ifyou__________(take)themedicineaccordingtothedoctor’sinstructions,you__________(feel)muchbetternow.3IfJane_________(start)outlastnight,she____________(reach)Francetomorrowmorning.4.Ifshe__________(plant)herflowersasItoldher,she___________(see)themgrowwellsoon.Butunfortunately,sheseldomtookmyadvice.wouldbehadtakenwouldfeelhadstartedwouldreachhadplantedwouldseehadfollowedIwishI

were

abird.Iwisheveryday

were

mybirthday.Iwishit

would

raintomorrow.Hewishedhe

hadn’t

eatensomuchwatermelon.

2.“wish

+

賓語從句”表示不能實現的愿望，譯為“要是……就好了”等。

與現在事實相反

與過去事實相反

與將來

事實相反

V-ed/（were）had+過去分詞would/could/might/should+動詞原形asif后帶表語從句或方式狀語從句與wish用法一樣1)I

wish

it

_____(be)

spring

all

the

year

round2)I

wish

I

___________(can,fly)

like

a

bird.3)IwishI_____(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.4)IwishI__________(have,know)theanswertothisquestion.5)IwishI________(have,meet)thefilmstaryesterday.6)Helookedasifhe________(tell)thetruth.7)Theytreatedtheiradoptedsonwellasifhe_______(be)theirownson.werecould

flyhadhadknownhadmethadbeentoldwere1)Iwouldratheryoucouldteachmeagain.2)Iwouldrather___________________.我寧愿他們明天來。

3)Themanagerwouldratherthathissecretary_______________________________.經理寧愿他的秘書代替他去開會。

3.wouldrather后的賓語從句wouldrather

that與過去事實相反

過去完成時與現在或將來事實相反

過去時theycametomorrowwenttothemeetinginsteadofhim4.表示要求,命令,建議的動詞+

賓語從句虛擬語氣

一個堅持______________

兩個命令______________

三個建議__________________________

四個要求__________________________這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形,或者將should省略。

insistorder,command

advise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireorder,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,requirement,request,desire等這些名詞連接的主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句。從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形,或者將should省略。1)She

suggested

we

———————(leave)

here

at

once.2)The

doctor

ordered

she

_________________(operate)onimmediately.3)Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages__________________(increase).4)Weinsistedthathe____________(send)home，butheinsistedthathe___(be)fine.5)Hischeck-upreportsuggestedthathe___(be)overweight.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe

______(try)tolosehisweight.

(should)leaveshould

beoperatedshouldbeincreased(should)besent

was

was

try1)Itisagreatpitythat____________________.他居然會這樣想，真是一件憾事。2)Itisnecessarythat_____________________________.

有必要立即派他去北京。5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+thatClause從句(主語從句）中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形he(should)thinksohebesenttoBeijingrightaway注意：這種從句表示的是事實。如果說人對這種事實表現出驚奇的情感，就可用虛擬語氣。反之，如果不表示驚奇等情感，that從句也可用陳述句語氣。如：

It

is

pity

that

you

can’t

swim.

虛擬語氣用于固定句型中。A.“It

is

(high/about)time

(that)

…

”中，謂語動詞用一般過去時或shoulddo

，意思是“該做……”。It’s

time

that

I

picked

up

my

daughter.

It’s

high

time

thatwe

were

going.B.(1)Hetooktheraincoatincase/forfear

that/lestthatheshouldbecaughtintherain.(2)Thestudentworkshardforfearthatheshouldfailtopasstheexam.*比較ifonly與onlyifonlyif表示"只有"；ifonly則表示"如果……就好了"。Ifonly也可用于陳述語氣。

Iwakeup__________thealarmclockrings.只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。

___________thealarmclockhadrung.

當時鬧鐘響了，就好了。

___________hehadcomeearly.onlyifIfonlyIfonly(3)If

only

I

were

a

bird.

(4)If

only

I

had

taken

his

advice.(5)IfonlyIhadgonethereyesterday.C.(1)IfonlyIhadpassedthetest！

(2)Ifonlyitstoppedraining！要是,那該多好??！

含蓄型的虛擬語氣句1or/otherwise(adv)，without/butfor/ifithadnotbeenfor(過去)/ifitwerenotfor(現在）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyoubirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.2)Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.3)Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday4)Butforyourhelp,wewouldn’thavefinishedtheworksosoon.Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp,…I____totheconcertlastSundaybutfortheEnglishcompetition.AwouldgoBwillgoCwillhavegoneDwouldhavegoneD2(1)Hehadhopedabetterjob,buthedidn’tgetit.

(2)Ihadthoughtthathehaddiedatleast20yearsago.ButIsawhimthismorning.

(3)Ihadplannedtobuyanewhousethisyear,butI’mtoobusytolookforit.Iplannedtohaveboughtanewhousethisyear,butI’mtoobusytolookforit.

本打算/以為/希望…3語境的要求.Thetreedied,Ishouldhavewateredit.2)Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’tdoyourbest.3)Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemethimatthestation.*----IstayedatahotelinPingxianglastnight.----Oh,Iwasathomelastnight.You____withme.AwouldhavestayedBcouldhavestayedCmightstayDcouldstayB*----Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.----Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables______.Awouldn’tdieBdidn’tdieChadn’tdiedDwouldn’thavediedD1.Itwasimportantthathe_________herimmediately.A.calls

B.called

C.call

D.wouldcall2.It’shightimethatsomething_________toprohibitsellingfakecommodities.mustbedoneB.isdoneC.bedoneD.weredone3.Therewasatrafficjam;otherwiseI____hereontimeA.wouldbe

B.hadbeenC.shouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen4.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI___there.

A.

was

B.

were

C.

hadbeen

D.

went5.Theteacheragreedtothesuggestionthatthestudents___twoweekstopreparefortheexam.

A.

give

B.

shouldgive

C.

begiven

D.

wouldbegiven6.Itisstrangethatsuchathing___inyourschool.

A.

willhappen

B.

happens

C.

shouldhappen

D.

happene