2023屆高考英語二輪復習：閱讀理解考點17說明文（A卷）作業(yè)

專題十二考點17說明文（A卷）

1.Whensomeonedamagestheirbackbone,theinjurycanleavethemparalyzed（癱瘓的）.Now,scientists

havegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain,thankstoanimplanteddevice.

Thehumanbackbone,orthespine,doesn'tjusthelpusstandupstraight.Insideisthespinalcord,which

carriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmoves

aroundasburstsofelectricitytravelsbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Whenthespinal

cordishurt,thispathwaygetsdamagedandthepatientscan'tmovetheirlegs.

NowscientistsinSwitzerlandhavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain.Towalkagain,

themenhadsurgery.Aspecialdevicewasplaceddirectlyonthelowerpartoftheirspinalcord,below

theirinjury.This"implant"containssixteenelectrodes,whicharesmallobjectsthatelectricitycanpass

through.Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodeswerelinedupwithnervesthatcontrolthelegmuscles.

Thescientistscontrolledtheimplantfromatabletcomputer.

Thepatients'brainsaren'tsending"walking1'messagestotheirlegs.Instead,thetablettellstheimplant

tosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstogeneratepatternsofmovement,like

takingastep.Thepatientthenusedthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthechosen

way.Overtime,themenwereabletowalkusingaspecialwalkerwithbuttonstocontroleachleg.

Thesolutionisn'tperfect.It'sveryexpensive,itrequiresdifficultsurgery,andthepatientscan*twalk

withoutthesystem.Butthescientistsarehopefulthatinthefuture,thissortoftechnologywillallowmany

paralyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.

1.What'sthemainfunctionofthespinalcord?

A.Itservesasamessagecarrier.B.Ithelpspeoplestandupstraight.

C.Ittakescontrolofthemuscles.D.Itproducessignalsformovements.

2.Whatistheimplanteddeviceexpectedtodo?

A.Activatethedamagednerves.B.Identifythepositionoftheinjury.

C.Testthedegreeofthedamage.D.Bridgethenervegapmadebytheinjury.

3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?

A.Howthesurgeryisperformed.B.Howthedeviceworksonpatients.

C.Howthepatientswalkwithoutaid.D.Howmovementpatternsaredesigned.

4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?

A.DamagednervesrecoveraftersurgeryB.Tabletsareusedinamedicaltreatment

C.Theimplanthelpstheparalyzedwalkagain□.Scientistsmadeadiscoveryonthebackbone

2.Dozensofhoneybees,whichusuallyfeedonwildflowersafterleavingtheirhives（蜂房）inthe

campusgardens,weretrickedintothecottagetofeedfromanartificialflower.Onlyonebeewasallowed

inatatime,andtheirvisitstoartificialflowerswerevideoedandtimedunderdifferentfanspeeds,which

mimicked（模擬）calmandwindydays.

Buttheresearchersaretryingtohelpthem:itisacontrolledexperimentthatrevealshowhighwind

speedssignificantlyreducetheefficiencyoftheirfeeding.

Withnowind,thebeesonaveragetooknectar（花蜜）from5.45flowersduringtheir90-secondtimetrial.

Whenwindspeedswereincreased,thisfelltoanaverageof3.73flowers.

Researchersalsoexaminedtheindirectimpactofhigherwindsbymovingtheflowers.

Thefindingsrevealthat,whileflowermovementsdidnotappeartohaveaneffectonthebees,the

movementofairfromthefansmadethemmuchmorehesitanttotakeofffromaflower,withtimetaken

rangingfromaninitial0.05secondsto54seconds.

GeorgiaHennessy,leadauthoroftheresearch,saidthatonepossiblereasonforthewindcausing

hesitancywasthatsmallincreasesinwindspeedsreducedthebees1bodytemperature,sotheyrequired

longertimetowarmuptheflightmusclesrequiredtotakeoff.

"Withwindspeedspredictedtoincreaseintheyearsahead,understandinghowwecanhelpbeesina

changingclimateisbecomingevermorepressing.Althoughwecan'tdomuchtocontrolorstopthewind,

wecantakestepstoreduceitsimpactonbees,suchasplacinghivesinshelteredlocations/*saidHennessy.

TheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUNwarnedthatthedeclineinglobalbeepopulationswas

a"threattoglobalfoodsecurityanddiversity1'.

DaveGoulson,professorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,said,MBeesalreadyfacemanypressures

inthemodemworld,suchaslossofhabitatsandexposuretopesticides（殺蟲齊!1）,andagreatmanyarein

decline.Copingwithincreasinglywindyweatherunderclimatechangemaybethefinalstraw.*'

1.Whattaskdidtheresearcherssetforthebees?

A.Identifyingthenewroute.B.Survivinginextremeconditions.

C.Feedingunderdifferentwindspeeds.D.Distinguishingvariouskindsofflowers.

2.Whatprobablymakesabeehesitanttotakeofffromaflower?

A.Afullstomach.B.Lossofbalance.

C.Changedflowerpositions.D.Reducedbodytemperature.

3.Whatcanwedotoreducetheimpactofhighwindsonbees?

A.Stopthewind.B.Restoretheirhabitats.

C.Addressclimatechange.D.Prohibittheuseofpesticides.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Lossofbeescausesfailureoffoodcrops

B.Beesareonthedeclineasglobalwarmingworsens

C.Beesmaystruggleinwindscausedbyglobalwarming

D.Artificialflowersareusedforthreatenedbeepopulations

3.Historyneverstopsmoving.Itdevelopsanditisfluid（易變的）.Whathistorylooksliketodayis

differentfromwhatitlookedlikeahundredyearsago,andwhattoday'shistoryinthemakinglookslike

nowmaybeseendifferentlyjust20yearsfromnow.

Whencombingthepastandthepresentforalistsuchasthe100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld,there

arecriteriatoconsider,tobesure,buttherearenohardandfastrules.Therearejudgmentstobemade,but

therearenocertaintruths.Ourlistwaslessahardeneddocumentthanacurrentcollection——acollectionof

menandwomenwho,forbetterandsometimesforworse,havemadeaclearmarkonourcivilization.

Suchalistisbynecessitysubjectiveandopentodeliciousdebate.

Butwhilehistorymaybefluid,itdoestendtobeclarifiedovertime.ThesignificanceofAristotleor

CatherinetheGreatiseasytoseefromhere.Andcertainly,theimportanceofsomeofhistory'sgreat

characterssuchasMotherTeresaandPabloPicassowasapparenttotheircontemporaries.Otherswere

largelyinvisibleintheirowntime.Theircontributionswererealizedonlylongaftertheyweregone:Karl

Marxdiedin1883,manyyearsbeforehiswritingswouldinspirepowerfulcommunistsocieties;Alan

Turing,whodiedlonelyandpainful,isnowregardedasthebrilliantfatherofthecomputer.

Perhapsthemostinterestingpartofthisexerciseisthinkingaboutthefinalimpactofpresent-dayfigures.

SteveJobsmakesthelistbyvirtueofhisinfluenceonhightechandourdailylives.ButwhatofMark

Zuckerberg?Hisimpactishuge,andhehasmadeitpossibleforbillionsofpeopletocometogether.But

thesocialmediasitehasalsomadeiteasiertodrivesocietyapart,upsettingthenewsbusiness.

Willthemomentlast?Onlytimewilltell.Historywillmoveunavoidablyforward;ourquestionstoday

willhaveanswerstomorrow.Andlistslikethesewillchange-againandagainandagain.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthelistof"the100PeopleWhoChangedtheWorld"?

A.Itneedstobeobjective.B.Itisbasedonstrictcriteria.

C.Itshouldbeacceptedbyall.D.Itkeepschangingwithhistory.

2.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph3?

A.Somepeople'scontributionsmayberecognizedmuchlater.

B.Mostpeoplecouldn'tbeacknowledgedattheirowntime.

C.Historywillchangeandgiants'deedswillfadeaway.

D.Theimportantfiguresalwaysstandouteasily.

3.WhatcanbeMarkZuckerberg'simpactontheworld?

A.Positive.B.Mixed.C.Negative.D.Uncertain.

4.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Toeducatereaders.B.Topersuadereaders.

C.Toinformreaders.D.Todescribesomething.

4.Whilepsychologistshavestudiedtopicslikehappiness,optimism,andotherhumanstrengthsfor

decades,positivepsychologywasn'tofficiallyidentifiedasabranchofpsychologyuntil1998whenMartin

SeligmanwaselectedpresidentoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA).Seligmansuggested

thatpsychologyhadbecometoofocusedonmentalillness.Whilethishadbroughtaboutvaluable

treatmentsthatenabledpsychologiststotreatanumberofdiseasesanddisordersthatmadepeople

unhappy,itmeantthatpsychologywasneglectingwhatwasgoodaboutlife—andwhattheaverageperson

couldimprove.

Seligmancalledforresearchintowhatmakesnormalpeople'slivespositiveandfulfilling,andsuggested

thatthefieldshoulddevelopinterventionsthatcouldmakepeoplehappier.Hestatedthatpsychology

shouldbejustasconcernedwithnurturingthegoodthingsinlifeasitiswithhealingthebad.

SeligmanmadepositivepsychologythethemeofhistermasAPApresidentandusedhisroleto

popularizetheword.Fromtherethefieldtookoff.Itreceivedagreatdealofattentionfrommainstream

mediaoutlets.Meanwhile,thefirstPositivePsychologySummitwasheldin1999,followedbytheFirst

InternationalConferenceonPositivePsychologyin2002.

Interestinpositivepsychologyhasremainedhigheversince.In2018,aboutaquarterofthe

undergraduatestudentsatYaleUniversityenrolledinacoursedevotedtothesubjectofhappiness.In2019,

morethan1,600delegatesattendedtheWorldCongressonPositivePsychologyandresearchinthefield

hasgeneratedtensofthousandsofacademicpapers.

PsychologistChristopherPetersonpointedoutthatpositivepsychologyismeanttoserveasanextension

oftheareasofpsychologythatfocusesonmentalillnessandhumanweaknesses.Positivepsychologists

don'twishtoreplaceorabandonthestudyofhumanproblems.Theysimplywishtoaddthestudyof

what'sgoodinlifetothefield.

1.WhatshouldpositivepsychologyfocusonaccordingtoSeligman?

A.Solvinghumanproblems.B.Treatingbademotions.

C.Healingmentalillness.D.Helpingdevelopgoodthings.

2.Whatmadepositivepsychologybecomepopular?

A.Seligman'seffortstospreadit.B.Internationalconferences*beingheld.

C.Attentionfromthemedia.D.Furtherresearchinthisfield.

3.WhatisChristopherPeterson'sattitudetowardpositivepsychology?

A.Ambiguous.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.CriticaL

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheLimitationofPositivePsychology

B.Seligman,FatherofPositivePsychology

C.Psychology:Past,PresentandPossibleFuture

D.PositivePsychology:aNewSubfieldofPsychology

5.Itcanbeincrediblydifficulttoencourageourselvestogoforarunduringwinter,particularlywhenit's

wetandwindyoutside.Butnewresearchhasfoundthatevenasuper-quickruncouldhavegreathealth

benefits.Infact,itseemsjusta10-minutesessionwillnotonlymakeusfeelbetter,butcouldactually

improvebrainhealth,too.Now,weallknowthatexercisecanimprovementalandphysicalhealthinmany

ways.

Butwhenitcomestomentalwellbeing,there'sbeenrelativelylittleresearchdoneonthespecific

benefitsofrunning,comparedwithotherphysicalactivities,suchascycling.Sothiswassomethingputto

thetestduringarecentstudy.ResearchersfromUniversityofTsukubainJapanaskedparticipantstorun

onatreadmill（跑步機）forjust10minutes.TheythenhadtotakeaStroopColorandWordTestwhichis

usedtomeasurereactiontimesinbrainprocessing.Resultsshowedtherewasahighestpointinself-

reportedpleasureandanincreaseindegreeofactivityofthebrain.

Inotherwords,runnerswerefoundtohaveanincreaseinbloodflowinthepartofthebrainthat's

associatedwithdealingwithfunctionsandcontrollingmood（'情緒）.Researchersthencomparedthese

resultstoasimilarstudyoncycling,whichalsoshowedimprovedcognition（認知），butnomood

improvement.Therefore,itseemsvarioustypesofexercisecanmakeusfeeldifferently.

Theauthorsnoted,MGivenexerciseismedicine,theeffectsofdrugsdifferdependingonthetypeofdrug,

differenttypesofexercisesuchasrunningandcyclingshouldbeobservedtohavedifferenteffectson

mentalhealthandbrainfunctionsaswell."

Sopushingourselvestogetoutsideforarunreallywillmakeusfeelbetter,potentiallymorethanother

fitnessactivities.Andthesefindingsshowthatwedon'tnecessarilyneedtodoalotofexercisetofeelthe

benefitofit.

1.Whatdidthenewresearchfind?

A.Runningfastbenefitsallofus.B.Runningisthebestexercise.

C.Ashorttimeruncanbebeneficial.D.Ahealthymindencouragesustorun.

2.Howdidtheresearchersgettheresult?

A.Byusingdifferentdrugs.B.Bytakingsomewordtests.

C.Bycollectingtheformerinformation.D.Bydoingexperimentsandcomparisons.

3.Whichisrelatedtoourhappiness?

A.Cycling.B.Medicine.C.Bloodflow.D.Colors.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Weshouldgoforaruninwinter.

B.Runningbenefitsusphysicallyandmentally.

C.Wedon'tneedalotofexercise.

D.Runningonatreadmillisbetterthanrunningoutside.

6.Decadesofresearchhasshownthattheabilitytoforgiveisalifeskillthathelpstheyoungbuild

resilience（恢復力）.Asenseofpurposehelpsthemrealizeschoolworkismoremeaningfulandmore

powerful.Beingthankfulchangestheverynatureoftheirlives,enablingthemtogathertheirmotivationto

learnandfindlifelongsuccess.Humble（謙卑的）kidslovelearning.Learningrequirescuriosity,and

curiosityrequiresthemtoexplorewhattheydon*tknow.

Allofthisresearchsuggestshowcharactercanoftenbeapowerfulcatalyst（催化齊（J）forlearning.When

childrencanfeelthankfulnessfortheirteachers,humility（謙卑）inthefaceofnewknowledge,purposein

connectingsmalltaskstobiggoals,andforgivenesswhenlosingattentionbecauseofbeinghurt,theycan

betteropenthemselvestothetiringprocessoflearningabouttheworld.Butaschildrenlearn,thiscanalso

helpthemtogoalongthewayforfurthercharacterdevelopment.

Inourprogramaboutlove,wespoketoAmyWarren,aresearcheratTuftUniversity'sInstitutefor

AppliedResearchandYouthDevelopment,whostudied''greatloveandsympathy",theabilityforpeople

towidentheircircleofcaretothewholehumanbeings.Afterin-depthinterviewswith100teenagers,she

discoveredthatthebottomlinethatinfluencedyoungpeople'sabilityforgreatloveandsympathywasnot

moralinstructionorareligiouseducation,butexposuretodifferentexperiencesandknowledge一

everythingfromplayingsportsandconversationswithpeoplefromdifferentcommunitiestoknowinga

secondlanguageandscientificknowledge.Inotherwords,learning.

SheendedherdiscoverieswithasentencefromthepoetOrtegaYGasset:"Somanythingsfailto

interestus,simplybecausetheydon'tfindinusenoughsurfacesonwhichtolive,andwhatwehavetodo

istoincreasethenumberofideasinourmind,sothatamuchlargernumberofthemescanfindaplacein

itatthesametime.*'So,ifseasytoseeparentssupportingtheirchild'scharactersandlearningasoneand

thesame.

1.Whatcanthefourcharactersgivetheyoung?

A.Feelingnotiredness.B.Avoidinghurt.

C.Findingsomethingbad.D.Gettingsomethingunknown.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase*'thebottomline"inParagraph3mean?

A.Thekeyfactor.B.Themainmistake.

C.Theuselessmethod.D.Thepossibletheory.

3.Whoisimportanttohelpkidsaccordingtothetext?

A.Poets.B.Parents.C.Teachers.D.Researchers.

4.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.PourGreatCharactersInspireKidsToLearn

B.TheImportanceOfForgiveness

C.WhatShouldKidsLearnAfterSchool

D.TheMostImportantCharactersForKids

7.Humanshavebeenlivingandworkingonthespacestationfor20years.Theirmealsarepackaged,

thoughsometimesastronautsreceivefreshtreatsfromresupplymissions.Thelongerthatpackagedfoodis

stored,themoreitlosesnutrientslikevitaminCandvitaminK.

Astronautshavesuccessfullygrown10differentcropsonthespacestationsince2015andhadthe

chancetosampleeachone.TheInternationalSpaceStationhostedapartyforastronautsonFridayasthey

celebratedtheharvestofthefirstChili（辣椒）growninspace.Thecrewfinallyhadachancetotastethe

peppersalterinitiallykickingofftheplantexperimentonthespacestationinJuly.

PlantHabitat-04isoneofthemostcomplexplantexperimentsontheorbitinglaboratorytodatebecause

pepperstakemuchlongertogrowthanthepreviousexperimentplants.Aftergrowingforfourmonths,the

pepperswereharvestedonFriday.

PeppersprovideagreatsourceofvitaminC,aswellasotherkeynutrients.Pepperplantsself-pollinate,

sotheyareeasytogrow,andtheyareapick-and-eatcropthatdoesn'thavetobecooked.Theyarealso

safetoeatraw.

Asideeffectoflifeinzerogravityisthatastronautsoftenlosesomeoftheirtasteandsmell,sospicyor

well-seasonedfoodsareafavorite.Addingfreshgreensorpepperstothemenuallowsastronautstoliven

uptheirregularmeals.Butgrowingandtendingtotheplantscanalsoproduceotherbenefits.

Astronautshavedescribedthejoyfromseeing—aswellassmellingandcaringfor-leafygreenplants

onthespacestationthatremindthemofEarth.

"Growingcolorfulvegetablesinspacecanhavelong-termbenefitsforphysicalandpsychological

health,"saidMattRomeyn,principalinvestigatorfortheexperiment."Wearediscoveringthatgrowing

plantsandvegetableswithcolorsandsmellshelpstoimproveastronauts'well-being."

1.Whatdoesunderlined"kickingoffinthe2ndparagraphmean?

A.Launch.B.Complete.C.Quit.D.Announce.

2.WhatmakesPlantHabitat-04oneofthemostcomplexplantexperiment?

A.Thetechnology.B.Growingprocess.

C.Thevarietiesofplants.D.Growingtimerequired.

3.Whyarepeppersaddedtothemenuforastronauts?

A.Theyaredelicious.B.Theyrestoretheirappetite.

C.Theyhelpkilldiseases.D.Theyimprovetheirmemory.

4.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.TheFunintheSpaceLifeB.TheCommonGoalintheSpaceMission

C.TheFirstChiliPeppersGrowninSpaceD.AResearchFindingfromtheSpaceMission

8.InMelbourneliesan87-square-meter,three-story,two-bedroomandone-bathroomhouse.Thatmay

soundlikearealpropertyadvertisement,butitcouldbethehomeofthefuture.

Madefromorganicmaterialsandrunonsustainable（可持續(xù)的）energy,thebuilding,knownas"The

Greenhouse'1,iscompletelyzerowaste.ItwasdesignedbyzerowasteadvocateBakker,aspartofhis

FutureFoodSystemhousingexperiment."Thegreenhouseisinspiredbynature—ifsanecosystemwhere

nothingiswasted,"Bakkersays.

Organicwasteisfedintoabio-digesterwhereitferments（發(fā)酵）andturnedintogasforcookingor

fertilizerforproduce;rainwaterisharvestedandusedforirrigationandaspecificsystem,whereplants

growusingwastefromfish;andhotsteamfromtheshowerenablesawallofmushroomstoboost.The

houseisdesigned,saysBakker,withtheroofasthefoundation,loadedwith35tonsofsoil,which

providesfertile（肥沃的）groundforproduce—morethan200plantspeciesgrowontheroof,aswellas

insects,snails,fishandchickens.

Thesiteismorethanjustamodelhome;ifsbeenarealoneforJoBarrettandMattStone,whowere

chefsalthesmallin-houserestaurant."Tobeabletogrowandproducefoodonatinyfootprintinthecity

andturnitintoexcitingdishesiscompletelyunique,nsaysStone.

Throughtheproject,Bakkerwantedtodemonstratehecouldfeedafamilywithhisdesign."Ithink

we'veprovedthatit'sactuallymoreproductivethanevenIimagined,"hesays."We'veharvested35kilos

ofpotatoesfromasquaremeter."

Hehopestheexamplewillofferablueprinttofuturehomesandanalternativetocurrentfoodsystem,

whichistoblameforoverathirdoftheworld'sgreenhousegasemissions.Creatingacircularsystem

couldalsogreatlyreducefoodwaste.

"We'retheonlyspeciesthatgenerateswaste.Innature,thereisnowaste;everythingbecomesafood

sourceforsomethingelse,"saysBakker."Ifwetransformtoacircularsystem,wehavesomuchpotential

tostopthedestructionofwildernessandforest."

1.Whatisthemainideaofthe3rdparagraph?

A.Thefunctionofthegreenhousebuilding.

B.Thewaythegreenhousebuildingworks.

C.Theadvantagesofthegreenhousebuilding.

D.Thereasonfordesigningthegreenhousebuilding.

2.Whatdowelearnaboutthegreenhousehome?

A.Itcanprovideagoodsupplyofproduce.

B.Waterisrecycledforuseinthehouse.

C.ItispossessedbythedesignerBakker.

D.Plantgrowingisfreeofsoilinthehouse.

3.Whyarethechefsmentionedinthe4thparagraph?

A.Tointroducethetopic.B.Toinformpeopleofthelatestrestaurant.

C.Todemonstratethefuturemodernhome.D.Toillustratetheadvantageofthehouse.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Peoplehavetoexplorenaturemore.

B.Humanreliesheavilyontheenvironment.

C.Thegreenhouseisawaytoreducewaste.

D.Thegreenhousehelpsreducerelianceonnature.

答案以及解析

1.答案：］-4ADBC

解析：1.根據(jù)第二段中的"Insideisthe...ofthebody"可知，脊髓攜帶著大腦和下肢之間的重要信息，即

它充當著信息載體。故選A。

2.根據(jù)第二段中的"Whenthespinal...movetheirlegs"可知,一旦脊髓受損，傳輸信息的通道會被損壞，

病人就無法移動雙腿;根據(jù)第三段中的"Theresearchersmade...thelegmuscles"可知,移植的電極會幫

助連接控制腿部肌肉的神經(jīng),據(jù)此可以推斷,植入的設備應該能夠連接受傷的神經(jīng)。故選D?

3.根據(jù)第四段中的"thetablettells...thechosenway"可知,本段主要講了植入物如何在病人身上起作用,

幫助病人重新行走。故選B。

4.本文介紹了一項醫(yī)學進步，根據(jù)本文中心句即第一段中的"scientistshavegiven...animplanted

device"和文章大意可知,本文主要介紹了科學家通過植入物幫助癱瘓病人重新行走。故選C。

2.答案：1-4CDCC

解析：1.根據(jù)第一一段第二句"Onlyonebeewas...calmandwindydays"可知，該項研究的內容是在不同

的風扇轉速下,模擬無風和有風的天氣,且研究人員對蜜蜂造訪人造花的過程進行錄像和計時。故

選C。

2.根據(jù)第六段中的"onepossiblereason...requiredtolakeoff"可知，風導致蜜蜂猶豫不決的一個可能原

因是,風速的升高降低了蜜蜂的體溫,因此它們需要更長的時間來熱身起飛。據(jù)此可以推知,體溫的

降低導致蜜蜂猶豫是否要起飛。故選D。

.根據(jù)尾段尾句"Copingwithincreasingly...maybethefinalstraw"可知，應對氣候變化下日益多風的天

氣可能是最后一根稻草。故選C。

4.通讀全文可知，本文尾句"Copingwithincreasingly...thefinalstraw"是全文的主旨句，又結合文章內

容可知，本文主要介紹了氣候變暖引起的日益多風的天氣對蜜蜂采蜜的影響，及對蜜蜂的數(shù)量的影

響。故選C。

3.答案：1-4DABC

解析：1.根據(jù)第二段中的"Whencombingthe...arenohardandfastrules"可知，關于"100位改變世界的

人”雖然有一些標準，但沒有硬性規(guī)定，故可推知它是隨歷史不斷變化的。故選D。

2.根據(jù)第三段中的"Otherswerelargely...theyweregone"可知，有些人的貢獻可能會在很久以后才得到

承認。故選A。

3.根據(jù)第四段中的"Butwhatof...upsettingthenewsbusiness"可知，MarkZuckerberg使數(shù)十億人聚集在

一起成為可能,但這個社交網(wǎng)站也使社會分裂變得更容易,擾亂了新聞行業(yè)。由此可推知,Mark

Zuckerberg的影響既有積極的，又有消極的，故其影響是混合的。故選B。

4.分析全文內容可知,文章主要通過一些例子說明歷史是易變的，時間會告訴我們一切,歷史會不可

避免地向前發(fā)展。所以縱觀全文來看,文章的目的就是告知讀者一種歷史現(xiàn)象。故選C。

4.答案：1-4DACD

解析：1.根據(jù)第二段中的"Hestatedthat...withhealingthebad"可知，Seligman指出，心理學應該像關注

治愈生活中的壞事物一樣關注培育生活中的美好事物,故Seligman認為積極心理學應該重點培養(yǎng)美

好的事物。故選D。

2.根據(jù)第三段中的"Seligmanmadepositive...mainstreammediaoutlets"可知,Seligman把積極心理學作

為他擔任APA主席期間的主題,并利用自己的職務來普及這個詞,從此積極心理學受到了主流媒體

的極大關注。由此可推斷,Seligman在傳播積極心理學方面所做的努力使得積極心理學頗受歡迎。

故選Ao

3.根據(jù)最后一段的內容可知,ChristopherPeterson指出，積極心理學是心理學領域的一個擴展，關注精

神疾病和人類的弱點。積極心理學家不想更換或放棄人類問題的研究,他們只是想把對生活中美好

事物的研究添加到這個領域。由此可推斷,ChristopherPeterson客觀地評價了積極心理學,所以他對

積極心理學的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。

4.根據(jù)第一段中的"Whilepsychologistshave...AmericanPsychologicalAssociation（APA）”可知，雖然心

理學家研究幸福、樂觀和其他人類優(yōu)勢等主題已有幾十年，但積極心理學直到1998年才被正式認定

為心理學的一個分支，當時MartinSeligman當選美國心理學會主席。再結合全文內容可知,本文主

要介紹心理學的新分支一積極心理學，并介紹了積極心理學的發(fā)展以及心理學家對積極心理學的態(tài)

度等。故D項"積極心理學：心理學的一個新分支”為最佳標題。故選D。

5.答案：1-4CDCB

解析：I.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句"Infact,itseemsjustaIO-minutesessionwillnotonlymake

usfeelbetter,butcouldactuallyimprovebrainhealth,too."可知,事實上，僅僅10分鐘的鍛煉時間似乎不

僅能讓我們感覺更好，而且居然能改善大腦健康。由此可推知,新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，短時間的跑步可能是有

益的。故選C。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句"ResearchersfromUniversityofTsukubainJapanaskedparticipants

torunonatreadmill（跑步機）forjust10minutes."以及第三段第二句中的"Researchersthencompared

theseresultstoasimilarstudyoncycling"可知，日本筑波大學的研究人員做了一項實驗，要求參與者們

在跑步機上跑步10分鐘,并與相同條件下的騎自行車（的參與者們）的結果進行比較，即研究者們通過

做實驗和比較得出了研究結果。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內容尤其是最后一句"Resultsshowedtherewasahighestpointinself-

reportedpleasureandanincreaseindegreeofactivityofthebrain.”和第三段第——句"Inotherwords,

runnerswerefoundtohaveanincreaseinbloodflowinthepartofthebrainthat'sassociatedwithdealing

withfunctionsandcontrollingmood（情緒）."可知,實驗結果表明自我報告的快樂程度達到了最高點，大

腦的活躍程度也有所增加。換句話說，跑步者大腦中的與執(zhí)行功能和控制情緒相關的部分的血流量

增加了。由此可推知,血流量與人們的快樂相關。故選C。

4.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一項研究，研究表明跑步對人們的身心健康有好處。B

項符合文章主旨。故選B。

6.答案：1-4DABA

解析：1.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Decadesofresearchhasshownthattheabilitytoforgiveisalife

skillthathelpstheyoungbuildresilience（恢復力）.Asenseofpurposehelpsthemrealizeschoolworkis

moremeaningfulandmorepowerful.Beingthankfulchangestheverynatureoftheirlives,enablingthem

togathertheirmotivationtolearnandfindlifelongsuccess.Humble（謙卑的）kidslovelearning.Learning

requirescuriosity,andcuriosityrequiresthemtoexplorewhattheydon'tknow.“可知,寬容、有目標、感

恩和謙虛都有助于孩子學習，學習需要有好奇心，好奇心讓孩子們探索他們不知道的東西。即這四種

品質可以讓孩子們獲取他們不知道的內容。故選D。

2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第二句中的"thatinfluencedyoungpeople'sabilityforgreatloveand

sympathywasnotmoralinstructionorareligiouseducation,butexposuretodifferentexperiencesand

knowledge”可知,影響年輕人有博愛和同情的能