2023高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練-訓(xùn)練10概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練5

概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練5

【寫作示例】

【原文呈現(xiàn)】

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

InNewYorkCitypublicschools,176differentlanguagesarespokenamongthemorethan1

millionstudents.For160,000children,Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage.NewYork'sDepartment

ofEducationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-languageprograms.

Studentsaretaughtintwolanguages,Englishandanotherone,likeChineseorRussian.Math,

socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguages.Andtheylearn

aboutthecultureoftheothercountry.

MiladyBaezisDeputyChancellor（副局長(zhǎng)）ofEnglishLanguageLearnersandStudent

Support.Shesaysthesedual-languageprogramswillhelpchildrensucceedinthefuture."The

jobsofthefuturerequirethatourstudentsknowmorethanonelanguage.Theyaregoingtobe

travelingabroad,theyaregoingtobecommunicatingwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.This

willopendoorsforthem.^^

ShuyaZhangteachesaduallanguageclass.Shesaystheprogramhelpschildrengetreadyto

workwithpeopleinothercountries.<4Lookatnow-a-days,Americastartedeconomicrelationships

withChina.LotsofcompanieshavebeenmovedtoChina.Theyneedpeoplewiththeskillswith

bothlanguageskills.^^

Middleschoolstudentsmightnothavejobsontheirmindsyet.ForKequingJaing,shelikes

keepingupherfirstlanguage,Mandarin.C4Itmakesme,feelthatIamhomebecauseIcanspeakin

Chinese,learninChinese,whilelearninginEnglish.Soitmakesmefeelbetterandmakesme

understandmoreaboutthetaskI'mleaming.,,Anotherstudent,AnastasiaHudikova,cametothe

UnitedStateswhenshewas2yearsold.ShesaystheRussian-Englishprogramkeepsher

connectedtoherherilage（傳統(tǒng)）andherparentshappy."They'rereallyhappyabouttheprogram

thatitexists.TheyarereallyhappythatIcanpreservemycultureandmylanguage,thatIcan

speakitfluentlyinschool.”

TheNewYorkschoolsalsoofferdual-languageprogramsinsevenotherlanguages:Arabic,

French,HaitianCreole,Hebrew,Korean,PolishandSpanish.Thereareplanstoaddevenmore

languagesinthefuture.(344words)

【思維路徑】

［核心內(nèi)容］

本文是一篇說明文，全文共分五段。第一段主要講了紐約教育部為了母語(yǔ)非英語(yǔ)的學(xué)生

能受到更好的教育而提供了雙語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目。第二段講了MiladyBaez的觀點(diǎn)一一雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)有助于

學(xué)生在未來(lái)取得成功。第三段講了一位雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的老師ShuyaZhang的觀點(diǎn)一一雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)能

夠讓學(xué)生們準(zhǔn)備好未來(lái)與其他國(guó)家的人一起合作。第四段講述了兩個(gè)學(xué)生對(duì)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的看法。

第五段關(guān)于雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)在紐約的一些學(xué)校的現(xiàn)狀以及未來(lái)的發(fā)展。

［寫作思路］

(I)理清文章脈絡(luò)、概括段落大意。理清文章脈絡(luò)、概括段落大意是寫摘要的基礎(chǔ)，同

學(xué)們可以通過找主題句、分析段落的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)梳理文章的脈絡(luò)，概括大意。本文采用“呈

現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象(Para.l)一講述不同人的看法(Para24)一總結(jié)(Para.5)”的形式，文章結(jié)構(gòu)比較清晰，

相對(duì)而言對(duì)于文章脈絡(luò)的梳理比較容易。該文第一段的主題句是“NewYork'sDepartmentof

Educationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-languageprogramsMo第二段

的主題句是"Shesaystheprogramhelpschildrengetreadytoworkwithpeopleinother

countries"。第三段的主題句是"Shesaystheprogramhelpschildrengetreadytoworkwith

peopleinothercountries",,第四段沒有現(xiàn)成的主題句，需要對(duì)兩位學(xué)生的話語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行概

括。第五段是對(duì)紐約市雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)現(xiàn)狀的總結(jié)以及學(xué)校對(duì)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)未來(lái)發(fā)展的計(jì)劃。

(2)確定表達(dá)要點(diǎn)、靈活準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)。每段的段落大意都是我們要表達(dá)的要點(diǎn)，這可以確

保不漏點(diǎn)。本文的主要內(nèi)容是"dual-languageprograms",因此可以將第一段的現(xiàn)象描述概

括后作為概要的首句。在確定表達(dá)要點(diǎn)后要思考如何準(zhǔn)確靈活表達(dá)，這是難點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樵u(píng)分標(biāo)

準(zhǔn)要求完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言。靈活表達(dá)的重要技巧是對(duì)原來(lái)的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行同義替換(paraphrase),

同時(shí)要對(duì)相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行整合。第一段包括一個(gè)要點(diǎn)，要點(diǎn)1是紐約教育部門為學(xué)生提供雙語(yǔ)

項(xiàng)目來(lái)促進(jìn)他們學(xué)習(xí)。根據(jù)原文所表達(dá)的意思，我們可以將原文的主題句換另一種說法來(lái)表

達(dá),可以使用非謂語(yǔ)4<toimprovetheirlearninglanguage并將uprovidew替換成“offer”。

要點(diǎn)2,3分別位于文章第二段和第三段，可以抓住“succeedinthefuture”和“getreadytowork

withpeopleinothercountries”的主題句，將其結(jié)合起來(lái)?起概括，可以用“becomesuccessful”

替換原文中的動(dòng)詞“succeed"，用upeoplearoundtheworldn替換原文中的"peopleinother

countries\要點(diǎn)4要根據(jù)第四段進(jìn)行概括。主要是從學(xué)習(xí)者的角度出發(fā)，表達(dá)雙語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的

好處，可以將兩個(gè)學(xué)生所說的話找共同點(diǎn)一起歸納，如用“guaranteethecontinuous

learning...^o要點(diǎn)7可以用被動(dòng)“beadded”來(lái)替換原文中的主動(dòng)“add”。

［參考范文］

Toimprovetheirlearning,NewYork'sDepartmentofEducationoffersdual-language

programsforthosestudentswhosefirstlanguageisnotEnglish.（要點(diǎn)1）Dual-languageprograms

willhelpchildrenworkwithpeoplearoundtheworldandbecomesuccessfulinthefuture.（要點(diǎn)

2,3）Inaddition,itcanguaranteethecontinuouslearningoftheirnativecultureandthepracticeof

theirnativelanguage,whichisbeneficialtotheirdevelopment.（要點(diǎn)4）Consideringallthebenefits,

Moredual-languageprogramswillbeaddedinthefuture.（要點(diǎn)5）（76words）

［范文解析I

范文把要點(diǎn)1用“toimprovetheirlearning9,替代原文中的“makeslearningbetter并

將“provide”用“offer”替代，表達(dá)上將對(duì)象以定語(yǔ)從句的形式融入到一個(gè)句子。要點(diǎn)2,3

中用aaroundtheworld替換原文的ainothercountries用abecomesuccessfulw替換原文

的"succeed"，并且將兩者結(jié)合起來(lái)表達(dá)。要點(diǎn)4用“guaranteethecontinuouslearningoftheir

nativecultureandthepracticeoftheirnativelanguage”對(duì)兩個(gè)不同國(guó)籍和語(yǔ)言的學(xué)生的例子和

體會(huì)概括了。要點(diǎn)5用了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)替換了原文中的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并且根據(jù)對(duì)全文的理解，用

“moredual-languageprograms替換了原文的“evenmorelanguages”。然后對(duì)各要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了

適當(dāng)?shù)恼虾豌暯?。要點(diǎn)2,3和4之間用銜接語(yǔ)“inaddition”連接,讓文本更通順。要點(diǎn)5

是未來(lái)的發(fā)展，為了讓概寫更加緊湊，范文中加了個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)“consideringallthebenefits\

I提煉歸納］

1.語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換

語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換是新題型概要寫作中很重要的一項(xiàng)基本技能，因?yàn)樵u(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)“使用自己的語(yǔ)

言進(jìn)行觀點(diǎn)的獨(dú)立表達(dá)”有較高的要求。本范文中主要通過同義詞替換達(dá)到這一要求，比如

**offer",**aroundtheworld,**becomesuccessn等詞的使用都是為了替換原文中的表達(dá)。

2.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換

除了同義詞和同義詞組的替換外，我們也可以從從句、非謂、主動(dòng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換等語(yǔ)

法角度進(jìn)行改寫。比如本文中的第一句話，是將原文的句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改寫，從而同時(shí)達(dá)到

paraphrase和內(nèi)容整合的要求。

【寫作演練】

1.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

IsFastFashionTakingOver?

Thefashionindustryhaschangedsignificantlyinrecentyears.Traditionally,fashion

retailers（零售商）createdtwoclothingcollectionsperyear,calledseasons.Nowadays,incontrast,

theycandesignandmanufacture（生產(chǎn)）clothesinaslittleasfourweeks.FastFashionmeansthat

thelatestdesignsshownatthefashionshowsinParis,London,NewYork,andMilancanbe

copedandsoldinshoppingmallswithinamonth.

Theadvantagesofrapidlychangingfashionsareclear.Shorteningthelifecycleofaproduct

meansthatifadesigndoesn'tsellwellwithinaweek,itistakenoutofthestoresandreplaced

withanewone.Thisisgoodformanufacturers,asitmeansagreatervolumeofsales.Itisalso

goodforcustomers,whocankeepupwithfast-movingtrendscheaplyandwhocanenjoyfinding

somethingneweverytimetheyvisitthestore.

However,therearealsoanumberofdisadvantagestothefast-fashionapproach.Perhapsthe

biggestconcernistheimpactofwastedclothesontheenvironment.Thelowcostofmostfast

fashionenablesshopperstobuyseveralnewsetsofclotheseachseason.Thismeansthathuge

amountsofclothingarethrownaway.Furthermore,withfashionschangingsoquickly,cotton

growersneedtoproducemorecottonmorecheaply,andthatmeansusingmorepesticidesand

chemicals.Athirdproblemisthetheftofideas.Fashionhousesinvestalotoftimeandmoneyin

newdesigns,onlytoseetheseideasstolenandcopiedbyfast-fashioncompanies.

Inshort,thesedaysitseemsthatthefashionindustryischangingalmostasfastasthefashion

itproduces.Whatdoyouthinkofthis?

2.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.For

example,carshavemadetheairunhealthyfbrpeopletobreatheandpoisonousgasisgivenoffby

factories.Treesonthehillshavebeencutdownandwastewaterisbeingpouredcontinuouslyinto

rivers.Furthermore,whereverwegotoday,wecanfindrubbishcarelesslydisposed（處理）.

Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,eachofwhichcomesfromdifferentsources.Itis

necessarytoidentifythesourceofpollution,inordertomakeapolicytogetridofthem.Different

products,processesandactivitiesofourindustrializedworldtogetherformthemajorsourceof

pollution.

Theformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedintothreekinds—solids,liquidandgas.These

pollutantshavegreatlydamagedourplanetandcontinuetodoso.Infact,pollutionisthreatening

ourexistence.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheearthischanging.Massivedestructionof

environmenthasbroughtaboutnegativeeffectsandevenposedagreatthreattoman'sexistence.

Wemustfacethesituationthatexistsandtakeactiontosolveourenvironmentalproblems.

Forinstance,newlawsmustbepassedtoplacestrictcontroloverindustrialpollution;thepublic

mustreceivetheeducationaboutthedangerofpollutionandraisetheirawarenessofprotecting

theenvironmentandsoon.

Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitfbrourselvesandourlater

generations.Fortunately,moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Measureshave

beentakentodealwiththesesituationsbythegovernment.Andlawshavebeenpassedtostop

pollution,Ihopetheproblemswillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbecomebetter

andbetter.

3.概要寫作：閱讀下文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇50-60詞胡內(nèi)容概要。

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heart

attackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butnewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstarting

toaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblems

later.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthat

adultsandkidsaged9-13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsodiumdaily.The

averageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsin

thebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.This

causesariseinbloodpressure---ameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressure

oftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.

Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity.Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkids

whoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugaiysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidsless

likelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.Arecentstudyfoundthatagrowing

numberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffects

peopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.The

bestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyadding

halfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedand

bottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments.Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutrition

labels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthattherearel,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,

andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.

4.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Choosingtherightcollegecanbeadifficulttask.Therearethousandsofcollegesand

universitiesforyoutochoosefromandmanyareworthyofbeingconsidered.Foreachpotential

college,findoutthesuccessrateofstudents'gettingtheirjobs,especiallythoserelatedtoyour

majors.Herearesomestrategies（策略）foryoutomaketherightchoice.

Collegeswhichofferpracticeinsomeofthefieldsareworthyofyourattention.Itcan

provideyouwithalargeamountofinformationonjobhunting.Companiesoftenprefer

employeesthatperformwell.Practicegivesyouthevaluableexperienceandnecessary

opportunities.Somepracticalskillsthatyoulearnwillreallyprepareyourselfforthecertainjobs.

Besides,choosingacollegethathasteachermemberswithgoodreputationsintheirfieldscanalso

beveryusefulsincetheseteachermemberscanprovideyouwithstepsintotheworkingworldby

practice.

Schoolrankingsandanationalreputationofacademicsuccessareoftentheimportant

factors（因素）foryourpotentialemployers.Thistypeofinformationcanbefoundeasilyonthe

Internetandinmagazines.Totheemployers,graduatesfromhighrankingcollegesareoften

consideredmorereliable.Theyhaveastrongerabilitytoleamandaremorelikelytocreatewealth

forthecompany.Sometimesitcanevenbeamoreimportantfactorinlookingforajobthanthe

actualqualityofeducationthecollegeprovides.

Afternarrowingdownyourchoicestoafewcolleges,it'stimetovisitthem.Takingalookat

thecampus(校園)canchangeyourattitudetoaparticularschool.Planyourtourandthendosome

researchonyourown.Itisalsoimportanttotalktoasmanystudentsasyoucanandfindoutif

earningadegreefromtheschoolishelpfulingettingajob.Meanwhile,youcanspeaktothe

studentsinthemajorsyou'reconsideringtoknowwhatthecoursesarelike,whatyou'lllearn,and

whatyourexpectedoutcomewillbe.

5.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Artificialintelligence(AI)teacherscanprovidecustomizedteachingforstudentstomeettheir

uniquerequirementsthroughanalyzingdataanddeeplearning.Inthefuture,theymayreplace

humanteachersforbasicteachingtasks.Sincesomestudentsmayfinditandputnewpowerinto

traditionalteachingpattems.Aneducationalsystemprovidingcustomizedteachingcenteredon

studentsrepresentsthefuturetrendofAIeducation.

China'sAIeducationhasdevelopedrapidlyinrecentyearswiththeriseofseveralthousand

relevantcompanies.Currently,AIteachersareabletohelpstudentsleamnpronunciation,analyze

theircondition,guidethemtolearnindependently,andevengradewritingassignments.Some

foreignAIeducationalsystemshavebeenintroducedintoseveraldomesticschoolsandhave

workedwellontrial.

However,thepromotionofAIeducationisstillfacingseveraldifficultiesinpracticesuchas

lowtechnologicallevels,inadequacyofdataandlackoffunds.AIeducationstilldependslargely

onhumanteachers'work.Mostimportantly,itconflictswithcurrenteducationalpatternsbecause

thecoursesdevelopedbyforeigncountriesarenotsuitableforChineseexam-oriented

education.Teachersmayalsofindithardtochangetheiroriginalrolesinclassroomssinceeasing

controlonclassesmaymakethemseemirresponsible.Theseproblemsneedtobehandledbefore

themasspromotionofAleducation.

WithAIteachers,theoriginalteacher-centeredclasseswillbetransformedinto

student-centeredoneswhereteachersonlyorganizetheclassandprovideguidance.Sinceteachers

aresupposedtonotonlyequipstudentswithknowledgebutalsoshapetheirvaluesandhelpthem

developcreativeabilities,AIteacherswillnotreplacehumanteachersbutwillonlyposehigher

requirementsofteaching.AcombinationofAIteachersandhumanonescancreatethebestfuture

forAleducation.

答案與解析

1.【參考范文】

Nowadays,fastfashionhasshortenedthelifecycleofclothestofourweeks,whichmeansa

greatervolumeofsalesformanufacturersandcheaperandmorefashionableclothesforcustomers.

However,thewastedclothesduetothelowcostandmoreusageofchemicalscandogreatharm

totheenvironment.Besides,thetheftofdesignsisalsoaseriousproblemcausedbyfastfashion.

（65）

【解析】

寫作步驟

1）細(xì)讀原文。首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨。文章說明了如今，快時(shí)尚已經(jīng)將服

裝的生命周期縮短到四周，這對(duì)于制造商來(lái)說意味著更大的銷售量，對(duì)于消費(fèi)者來(lái)說意味著

更便宜更時(shí)尚的衣服。然而，由于低成本和更多的化學(xué)品的使用，浪費(fèi)的衣服可以對(duì)環(huán)境造

成很大的危害。此外，設(shè)計(jì)被盜也是快速時(shí)尚帶來(lái)的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重問題。

2）弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些

問題寫出要點(diǎn)。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3）列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。

在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

本文描寫詳略得當(dāng)，使用了高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句子。如：shorten,lifecycle,agreatervolume

of等高級(jí)詞匯；Nowadays,fastfashionhasshortenedthelifecycleofclothestofourweeks,

whichmeansagreatervolumeofsalesformanufacturersandcheaperandmorefashionable

clothesforcustomers.非限制『性定語(yǔ)從句；Besides,thetheftofdesignsisalsoaseriousproblem

causedbyfastfashion.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用等高級(jí)句式。

2.【參考范文】

Theglobalenvironmentisbecomingworsebecauseofvariouspollutantsrelatedtothe

industrialworld.（要點(diǎn)1）Intheformsofgas,solidsandliquid,thesepollutantsarebecominga

majorthreattotheearthandhumansurvival.（要點(diǎn)2）Therefore,wehavetofaceitdirectlyand

sparenoefforttohandleit.（要點(diǎn)3）Luckily,peoplehavebeenawareoftheurgencyof

environmentalprotectionandthegovernmenthastakenactiontosolvetheseproblems,which

surelywillhelpmakeourearthbetter.（要點(diǎn)4）

【解析】

本篇書面表達(dá)是內(nèi)容概要。通過閱讀所給文章可知，本文是一篇環(huán)保主題的文章，內(nèi)容

完整，要點(diǎn)全面，語(yǔ)言規(guī)范，語(yǔ)篇連貫，上下文意思連貫，符合邏輯關(guān)系。

"Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld."第一段第

一句開篇點(diǎn)題，點(diǎn)出世界各地的環(huán)境問題越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。"Therearedifferentkindsofpollutants,

eachofwhichcomesfromdifferentsources.,,uTheformsofpollutioncanbemainlydividedinto

threekinds-solids,liquidandgas."第二、三段將污染形式進(jìn)行分類，分為固體、液體和氣

體三種?！癟heearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandourlater

generations.,H4Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththesesituationsbythegovernment.”最后點(diǎn)

出地球是我們的家園，我們有責(zé)任為我們自己和我們的后代去照顧它。并且人們已經(jīng)在不斷

地努力。

即總結(jié)可根據(jù)此結(jié)構(gòu)分為四點(diǎn)來(lái)總結(jié)：由于與工業(yè)世界有關(guān)的各種污染物，全球環(huán)境正

變得越來(lái)越惡劣。（要點(diǎn)1）在氣體、固體和液體的形式中，這些污染物正成為對(duì)地球和人類

生存的主要威脅。（要點(diǎn)2）因此，我們必須直接面對(duì)它，（要點(diǎn)3）很幸運(yùn)，人們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到環(huán)

境保護(hù)的緊迫性，政府已經(jīng)采取行動(dòng)來(lái)解決這些問題，這必將有助于改善我們的地球。（要

點(diǎn)4）

【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

英文文章一般在每一段的首句和尾句會(huì)點(diǎn)明段落主旨大意。進(jìn)行文章總結(jié)的時(shí)候，應(yīng)重

點(diǎn)關(guān)注各段落的首位句的大意，并進(jìn)行總結(jié)提要，按照邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行總結(jié)。

3.【參考范文】

Eatingtoomuchsalthashealthrisksforchildrensuchascausinghighbloodpressure,heart

problems,obesityandkidneystones.Butthereareseveralwaystocutdownonsalt.Childrencan

reducetheamountofsalttheyusuallyusebyhalf.Theyshouldeatfreshfoodsandreducethe

condimentstheyaddtofood.Finally,theyshouldchecktheamountofsaltinfoodbyreading

nutritionlabels.

【解析】

概要寫作首先要通讀全文內(nèi)容，通曉文章大意；然后提煉語(yǔ)言；最后用高度概括性的句

子表達(dá)出全文內(nèi)容。本文主要寫出三點(diǎn)：一、太多的鹽（主要是鈉）攝入會(huì)導(dǎo)致三個(gè)方面的健

康問題：高血壓、肥胖、心臟病和腎結(jié)石，二、主要講到對(duì)孩子的危害。三、提出了解決辦

法，主要是逐步減少攝入、多吃新鮮食品、多看食品營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽。結(jié)合三個(gè)要點(diǎn)即可寫出本概

要。

【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

本文要點(diǎn)齊全，語(yǔ)言概括性強(qiáng)，文中使用了Eatingtoomuchsalt動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)；

Theyshouldeatfreshfoodsandreducethecondimentstheyaddtofood.本句是and連接的并列

句，theyaddtofood是定語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)（作賓語(yǔ)可省略）。

4.【參考范文】

Challengingasitistochooseanidealcollege,they'resometipsthatmayhelp.（要點(diǎn)1）First,

collegesthatprovidepracticeandhavedistinguishedteachersincertainfieldsareworth

considering.（要點(diǎn)2）Second,it'sadvisabletosearchforacademicrankingsandreputation,which

yourfutureemployersmaycareabout.（要點(diǎn)3）Afteryouhavecandidates,visitthemandenquire

moreofrelatedstudents.（要點(diǎn)4）

【解析】

這是一篇議論文，文章就如何選擇一個(gè)好的大學(xué)給出幾點(diǎn)建議。

第一步：概括每個(gè)段落的大意

第一段主要說明了選擇一個(gè)理想的大學(xué)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，會(huì)影響到未來(lái)的工作，所以作者給出幾

點(diǎn)選擇大學(xué)的建議。可以用Challengingasitistochooseanidealcollege,there^esometipsthat

mayhelp.表示。

第二段給出第一個(gè)建議，第一句就給出了主旨句子Collegeswhichofferpracticeinsomeofthe

fieldsareworthyofyourattention提供實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的大學(xué)值得考慮，后文又說到choosinga

collegethathasteachermemberswithgoodreputationsintheirfieldscanalsobeveryuseful,選

擇一個(gè)有好的老師，老師的名聲不錯(cuò)的學(xué)校也是有用的。即collegesthatprov