洛陽(yáng)牡丹英文介紹

1、Luoyang PeonyHan Hongbiao韓紅彪,First part,Brief Introduction The Development of peony The symbol of the peony,Brief Introduction,Peony, a flowering plant unique in China, is a kind of deciduous(每年落葉的 ) sub-shrub (灌木) of common peony genus(種 ), buttercup family(毛茛科 ), grows in hilly areas of Shaanxi(陜西

2、), Gansu, Sichuan, Shandong and Henan province. Names: Shrubby Shaoyao(or Tree-Peony); Luoyang flower; Grain-rain (谷雨，4月20日) flower and Wealth&Honor Flower.,The peony is first recorded in written form in “Shen Nong herbal classic” between the first and second century. Since the 5th or 6th century in

3、 the period of Southern-and-Northern Dynasty，the peony is treated as an ornamental(裝飾的) plant and painted in Chinese paintings. It begins to be grown in the Sui Dynasty. It is popular in the Tang Dynasty. Their flower were known as “the finest of their kind” in the Song Dynasty.,The Development of p

4、eony,Wealth and Honor luck prosperity富貴吉祥，繁榮昌盛,The symbol of the peony,Peony Flowers in Luoyang, Finest under heaven.,A. First of all, it is related to the developed gardens and woods in ancient Luoyang. B. Secondly, it is due to the tradition of being fond of flowers by the local people .C. The thi

5、rd, it is because of the favorable natural conditions.D. The fourth, a number of well-known Chinese poems, prose and stories from a thousand years ago might be of help to spread the reputation of the peony far and wide.,Why and how do peonies of Luoyang become the finest on earth?,Second part,A. In

6、the past thousands of years, Louyang has been the centre of China, Luoyang was the capital of China then, Emperors, ministers（大臣）, generals and nobility （貴族） of each dynasty who had great demand for gardens and woods in their pleasure trips all lived here, and in addition, lots of men of letters and

7、 refined scholars built their residences and villas in Louyang, and trees and flowers are needed. According to historical records, from Han to Song, palaces, residences and gardens built for emperors, bureaucrats(官僚 ), nobility, scholars and merchants(商人), became scenes of majesty and magnificence w

8、ith streets and avenues radiated(輻射) to various directions in Luoyang.,古洛陽(yáng),The only joyous day for human beings is the Cold Food Festival, while the celebrated gardens on the earth are mostly in Louyong.,Shao Yong(邵雍), the great philosopher in the Northern Song dynasty.,人間佳節(jié)惟寒食， 天下明園重洛陽(yáng),B.The tradit

9、ion of being fond of peonies,According to certain history books, during the Northern Song, peonies were grown in every home in Luoyang. The local residents regarded peony as the only worthwhile flowering plant under heaven, while showing contempt to others. So peony has another name: Luo yang Flower

10、. During the flowering season, all parks in the city would be crowded with visitors.,買花 白居易 帝城春欲暮，喧喧車馬度。 共道牡丹時(shí)，相隨買花去。 貴賤無(wú)常價(jià)，酬直看花數(shù)： 灼灼百朵紅，戔戔五束素。 上張幄幕庇，旁織笆籬護(hù)。 水灑復(fù)泥封，移來(lái)色如故。 家家習(xí)為俗，人人迷不悟。 有一田舍翁，偶來(lái)買花處。 低頭獨(dú)長(zhǎng)嘆，此嘆無(wú)人喻。 一叢深色花，十戶中人賦！,Buying Flowers During the late spring in the imperial capital, people went by

11、horse and carriage with joyful bustle, talking about peonies in the gardens and markets, where they would go for enjoying and buying flowers All great family have their custom to buy peony flowers without pondering(考慮) the price very much, and are enchanted (著魔) with peonies.,C.The Favorable Natural

12、 Conditions,Luoyang, which is located in the middle part of China, is endowed with fertile soil, moderate rainfall and mild climate. The soil and climate of Louyang is mostly suitable for flowers, of which peony is exotic(奇異的) and rare under heaven,D.A number of Chinese poems, prose and stories of t

13、he peony,According to “the chronicle（編年史）of Chinese peony”, there are 500 poems, 90 songs and 78 prose on peonies composed by 230 poets and prosers, who fully expressed their feelings for peonies. From the ancient works we can see the close relationship between peony and Chinese traditional culture

14、as well as its charm against all the other flowers.,The famous Tang poet Bai Juyi ardently(熱烈的) loved flowering plants especially peonies. He lived in luoyang for 18 years and grew peonies in his countyard. During his stay in Louyang, he wrote a number of poems praising the peony, and some 100 of th

15、em are handed down to this day. One of them reads, “Xishi is the greatest beauty of all times, and peony the queen of all flowers.”(絕代只西子，眾芳惟牡丹） Bai also organized a Peony-bloom Poetry Club so that he and his poet-friends could often get together to enjoy and compose poems to sing the praises of the

16、 peony. It is said that the poem, “The peony, the intoxicating(醉人的) beauty, never fails to create a furor(騷亂) in the imperial city when it begins to bloom.”(唯有牡丹真國(guó)色，花開(kāi)時(shí)節(jié)動(dòng)京城)- was composed right in Bai countyard by Liu yuxi (劉禹錫), one of his poet-friends.,白居易,Among a great number of poets in the Tang

17、 and Song times ，Ouyang Xiu was the one who composed the most poems to praise peony. He loved the peonies of Luoyang very much all his life and composed large number of works about the peony. In his “Notes on the Peonies of Luoyang”(洛陽(yáng)牡丹記), he vividly described the local varieties and their origins.

18、 Comparing them with those grown else where, he wrote with admiration “The beauty of Luoyang peonies can not be equated with those of anywhere else in the country. Since then, the reputation, “Peony Flowers in the Luoyang, Finest under heaven” has been spread far and wide.,歐陽(yáng)修,intoxicating beauty wi

19、th magic perfume.國(guó)色天香,There are also some moving stories to publicize the peony. During the Tang Dynasty, a scholar named Li Zhengfeng(李正封) wrote a poem in praise of the peony, in which he said, “It looks like a drunken beauty in the morning, wrapped in a thin silk robe(長(zhǎng)袍) and scented with magic pe

20、rfume in the evening.”（國(guó)色朝酣酒，天香夜染衣） Emperor Xuan Zong spoke highly of the poem and regarded it as a vivid description of his favorite concubine Yang Yu-huan when she was a bit tipsy(微醉). From then on, the peony has won the Honor of “intoxicating beauty with magic perfume.”,Part Three,Different varie

21、ties of LuoYang peony,In total there are over 500 varieties of Luoyang Peony, which differ in florescence(花期), color, petal, size and shape, ect. A. Judging by color, it has red, yellow, white, pink, purple, green, lilac(淡紫), blackish-purple and so on. B. By florescence, it can be divided into early

22、-blooming peony (April 5-15), mid-blooming peony (April 15-25) and late-blooming peony (April 25-May 5). C. According to the petal and shapes, the Luoyang Peony is divided into single-petal (only a few petals), double-petal (more petals) and terraced-petal(梯形的), with each divided into a few differen

23、t groups and species.,The varieties of peony,The four most famous varieties of peony 牡丹四大名品,Yao Huang姚黃,Yao-Huang is the best of the yellow peonies, reputed for the king of peonies, dating back to about 1000 years ago. According to historical record, it was first grown by a man named Yao who lived a

24、t the foot of the Mangshan Hill in the Song Dynasty, hence the name, Yao-Huang. As a mid-blooming variety, sorted to the terraced-petal type, it measures 17 cm high and 20 cm in diameter when it is in full-bloom.,Wei Zi魏紫,Wei-Zi is shaped like an imperial crown, with as many as 250 petals measuring 14 cm high and 18 cm in diameter, Thus Wei-Zi was honored as “the queen of Peonies”. As the finest of purple species, Wei-zi flowers in purplish-white at the beginning, and goes pale-purple in full-bloom and purplish-white when nearly withering(枯萎).,Zhao Fen趙粉,Zhao Fen is the