四級(jí)技巧聽力專題短對(duì)話

題型概覽分值時(shí)間對(duì)話部分短對(duì)話每段1輪對(duì)話+l個(gè)問(wèn)題15%35分鐘長(zhǎng)對(duì)話2段；每段5-8輪對(duì)話+3～4個(gè)問(wèn)題短文部分短文理解2段；每段5-8輪對(duì)話+3～4個(gè)問(wèn)題20%短文聽寫3篇；每篇3～4個(gè)問(wèn)題，共10個(gè)問(wèn)題短對(duì)話專題Section

1

Introduction1.短對(duì)話題型分析與設(shè)題特點(diǎn)短對(duì)話是歷年四級(jí)考試的必考題型。包括8個(gè)短對(duì)話（僅有一個(gè)

回合的男女對(duì)話），每組短對(duì)話后提出一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)題。短對(duì)話按題型分類主要有地點(diǎn)題、人物關(guān)系或身份職業(yè)題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題、請(qǐng)求和建議題、判斷推理題、因果關(guān)系題、詞匯和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)理解題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題等。四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話主題基本是與生活息息相關(guān)，不會(huì)很偏，都是大家熟悉的生活類話題，如校園生活、工作職場(chǎng)、娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)、旅游交通、疾病健康、飲食起居、天氣氣候、購(gòu)物裝飾等。近年來(lái)，短對(duì)話集中考察細(xì)節(jié)理解和簡(jiǎn)單的推斷，在設(shè)題方式上表現(xiàn)在答案與原文對(duì)應(yīng)部分進(jìn)行了同義替換或者轉(zhuǎn)述。這也增加了聽力短對(duì)話的難度，否定了考生“聽到什么選什么”的做題思路，需要大家能基本聽懂。2.一般情況下，四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話的模板如下：A：

1

（提出話題）B：

2

(銜接過(guò)渡句或者單詞），

3

（主旨觀點(diǎn)和設(shè)題區(qū)）．對(duì)話中,1部分往往是發(fā)起一段對(duì)話的話題，2部分往往是過(guò)渡銜接語(yǔ)。3部分有時(shí)有but有時(shí)沒(méi)有but，但往往是答話者的觀點(diǎn)看法，常常是設(shè)題重點(diǎn)。Section

2

六種必考題型解密根據(jù)答案內(nèi)容的不同，四級(jí)聽力短對(duì)話可分為觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題、行為活動(dòng)題、事實(shí)狀況題、地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景題、談?wù)撛掝}題和身份關(guān)系題六大類。題目類型不同，提問(wèn)的角度和方式也不同。問(wèn)題是關(guān)于談話一方對(duì)另一方或第三方的行為、品德、觀點(diǎn)等的態(tài)度或評(píng)價(jià)。此類題的選項(xiàng)中多有表示建議的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

should，或有表示感情色彩的詞語(yǔ)。提問(wèn)方式通常為：What

does

the

woman/man

mean/imply?How

does

the

woman/man

feel

about.

.

.?What

does

the

woman/man

think

of.

.？一·觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題例1(13-6.1-18)The

woman

came

to

the

concert

at

the

man’s

request.The

man

is

already

fed

up

with

playing

the

piano.The

piece

of

music

the

man

played

is

very

popular.The

man’s

unique

talents

are

the

envy

of

many

people.例1(13-6.1-18)The

woman

came

to

the

concert

at W:I

really

enjoy

that

piece

you

justthe

man’s

request. played

on

the

piano.

I

bet

you

get

a

lotThe

man

is already

fed

up with

of

requests

for

it.playing

the

piano. M:You

said

it.

People

just

can’t

getwe

learn

from

theThe

piece

of

music

the

man

played

is

enoughof

it.very

popular.

Q:What

doThe

man’s

unique

talents

are

the

conversation？envy

of

many

people.【解析】本對(duì)話涉及對(duì)男士所彈曲子的評(píng)價(jià)。女士說(shuō)一定有很多人要求男士彈那首曲子(alotofrequestsforit)，男士說(shuō)的確（Yousaidit），并說(shuō)人們就是對(duì)它百聽不厭（can’tgetenoughofit）。由此可知男士彈的那首曲子很受歡迎，故答案為C.[例2][13-6.2-11]Children

should

be

taught

to

be

more

careful.Children

shouldn’t

drink

so

much

orange

juice.There

is

no

need

for

the

man

to

make

such

a

fuss.Timmy

should

learn

to

do

things

in

the

right

way.[例2][13-6.2-11]Children

should

be

taught

tobe

morecareful.Children

shouldn’t

drink

so

muchorange

juice.Thereis

no

need

forthe

man

to

makesuch

a

fuss.Timmy

should

learn

to

do

things

inthe

right

way.M:

I

don’t

knowwhat

to

do

with.Timmy:

This

morning

I

found

orangejuice

spilt

all

over

the

kitchenfloor.W:

Don’t

be

so

hard

on

him.

He’s

only

four.

Q:

What

does

the

woman

mean?[解析]對(duì)話涉及兩人對(duì)Timmy的態(tài)度。男士向女士抱怨Timmy把廚房的地板上弄得到處都是橙汁，女士告訴男士不要對(duì)Timmy要求太嚴(yán)了(Don’t

be

so

hard

onhim），他才四歲。由此可推知女士覺(jué)得男士沒(méi)必要對(duì)小孩子的錯(cuò)誤大驚小怪，故答案為C）。make

a

fuss意為“大驚小怪，小題大做”。答題技巧總結(jié)1.

聽音前根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問(wèn)題類型。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的選項(xiàng)中一般都含有一些引出觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)，常見的如：think,

believe,find,

guess,

imagine,consider等動(dòng)詞以及doubtful,optimistic,favorable等形容詞。根據(jù)類線索詞判斷出試題類型以后，可以更有針對(duì)性地留意說(shuō)話人對(duì)自己觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的陳述。2.

聽音時(shí)注意把握說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣。很多時(shí)候說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)氣會(huì)明顯地體現(xiàn)出說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。因此，聽音時(shí)應(yīng)注意通過(guò)反問(wèn)、疑問(wèn)、感嘆等特殊語(yǔ)氣來(lái)判斷說(shuō)話人的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。答題技巧總結(jié)答題技巧總結(jié)表示批評(píng)或諷刺:critical，criticize，ironic，findfault

with表示失望或灰心：disappointed，discouraged表示后悔或遺憾：regret，regretful，pity，shame表

示

漠

然

或

熱

情

：

indifferent

，

detached,

careless,enthusiastic,

warm-hearted表示積極或消極：active，positive，negative表示自信或自負(fù)：confident，arrogant，proud熟悉表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的常見詞語(yǔ)：表示害怕或擔(dān)心：fearful，frightened，worried，nervous，表示贊成:

approve,

agree,

share,

prefer,

wise,

reasonable,upsetfavorable表示反對(duì):

disapprove,

disagree,

unwise,

ridiculous,

foolish,childishly表示贊賞：admire，appreciate，think

much/highly

of表示喜歡:

love,

enjoy,

wonderful,

fascinating,

funny, be

fondof, be

keen

on表示厭煩：dislike,

bored/boring, be

tired

of，be

sick

of表示關(guān)心：concerned,

carefully care

about表示樂(lè)觀或悲觀：optimistic，pessimistic表示怨恨或生氣：hate，hatred，angry，anger，irritated二、行為活動(dòng)題此類題的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方做過(guò)、正在做、準(zhǔn)備去做什么，或一方建議另一方去做什么。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)一般均為表示行為動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)或現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)。提問(wèn)方式通常為：What

will

the

man/woman

most

probably

do?What

are

the

speakers

probably

going/trying

todo?What

does

the

woman

suggest

the

man

do?例3

[13-6.2-14]Committing

theft.Taking

pictures.Window

shopping.Posing

for

the

camera.例3

[13-6.2-14]Committing

theft.Taking

pictures.Window

shopping.Posing

for

the

camera.M: I’m

sorry,

Miss,

but

you

have

to

come

with

meto

the

security

office.

The

video

cameras

in

ourshop

have

recorded

everything

you

did.W:

No,

no…

I…

I

didn’t

do

anything.

I’Il

call

thepolice

if

you

dareinsult

me.Q: What

does

the

man

think

the

woman

was

doing?[解析]行為活動(dòng)題，本題考查某人正在做的事。男士要求女士跟他去保衛(wèi)處（the

security

office），并說(shuō)商店里的攝像機(jī)已經(jīng)把女士的行為都錄下來(lái)了(recordedeverythingyoudid)。由此可推知男士認(rèn)為女士正在商店里偷東西，故答案為A)。答題技巧總結(jié)1.

聽前根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷題型。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類題的選項(xiàng)一般都是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，其中動(dòng)詞大為原形或動(dòng)名詞形式。答題技巧總結(jié)2.

聽音時(shí)注意與選項(xiàng)中動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的信息。聽音時(shí)留意動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)，要記錄一些與該動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的重要信息，尤其是在不止一個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的動(dòng)詞在對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，只有留意與動(dòng)詞相關(guān)的信息，才能根據(jù)問(wèn)題對(duì)號(hào)入座。3.

聽音時(shí)捕捉表示請(qǐng)求或建議的句式。行為活動(dòng)題的對(duì)話中經(jīng)常會(huì)包含提出請(qǐng)求或建議的句式，如：

Why

don’t

You…?

What

about…’l

Let’s…;

You’d

better…;

lf

Iwere

you,

I

would…;l’d

like

to…；You

might

as

well.…等，這些句式后面的內(nèi)容有可能就是建議去做或準(zhǔn)備去做的行為活動(dòng)，很可能與答案直接相關(guān)，聽音時(shí)需重點(diǎn)留意。答題技巧總結(jié)三、事實(shí)狀況題問(wèn)題是關(guān)于談話的一方或雙方說(shuō)了什么、所處狀態(tài)、做某事的原因何在、結(jié)果如何等。提問(wèn)方式通常為：What

do

we

learn

from

this

conversation?What

do

we

know

about

the

man/woman

from

the

conversation?What

can

be

inferred

from

the

conversation?[例4][12-12.1-13]She

talked

with

Mr.Wright

on

the

phone.She

is

about

to

call

Mr.

Wright’s

secretary.She

will

see

Mr.

Wright

at

lunch

time.She

failed

to

reach

Mr.

Wright.[例4][12-12.1-13]She

talked

with

Mr.

Wright

on M:

Hi

Jenny.

Have

you

talked

tothe

phone.

Mr.

Wright

about

the

new

sportsShe

is

about

to

call

Mr.

program?Wright’s

secretary.

W:

Well,

I

contacted

his

officeC)She

will

see

Mr.

Wright

at

half

anlunch

time.

secretaryD)She

failed

to

reach

Mr.

Wright.hour

ago,

and

hissaid

he

was

out

forlunch

until

2:00.Q:

What

does

the

woman

mean？[解析]事實(shí)狀況題。男士問(wèn)女士是否與Mr.Wright談過(guò)新的體育課程，女士說(shuō)她半小時(shí)前給Mr.Wright的辦公室打過(guò)電話，但是他的秘書說(shuō)他出去吃午飯了，要2點(diǎn)后才回來(lái)，可見事實(shí)情況是她沒(méi)能聯(lián)系上Mr.Wright，故答案為D)。答題技巧總結(jié)聽音前捕捉選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞聽音前應(yīng)提取選項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)，確定聽音時(shí)應(yīng)該捕捉的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。一般來(lái)說(shuō)某事的原因或結(jié)果常為考查重點(diǎn)。聽音時(shí)簡(jiǎn)單記錄關(guān)鍵信息點(diǎn)。聽音時(shí)應(yīng)結(jié)合選項(xiàng)要點(diǎn)對(duì)重點(diǎn)信息加以記錄，然后根據(jù)問(wèn)題對(duì)號(hào)入座。做答時(shí)切忌違背常理。這類題的對(duì)話多與日常生活聯(lián)系緊密，聽到線索詞語(yǔ)時(shí)要大膽按照常理或常識(shí)去判斷，而不要過(guò)多設(shè)想一些有違常理的事情。正確選項(xiàng)一般不會(huì)是原文的細(xì)節(jié)再現(xiàn)。這類題經(jīng)常需要考生根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推測(cè)出說(shuō)話人話語(yǔ)中隱含的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)，因此正確選項(xiàng)大都不是對(duì)話內(nèi)容的照搬，而是對(duì)話內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，或是根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容推斷出的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。答題技巧總結(jié)四、地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景題此類題的問(wèn)題是關(guān)于對(duì)話發(fā)生的場(chǎng)合、地點(diǎn)或者對(duì)話涉及到的人或事物所處的位置，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)所。提問(wèn)方式通常為：Where

is

the

conversation

most

probably

taking

place?Where

does

the

conversation

most

probably

take

place?Where

are

the

two

speakers

?[例5]（13-6.1-17

﹚At

an

information

service.At

a

car

wash

point.At

a

repair

shop.At

a

dry

cleaner’s.[例5]（13-6.1-17

﹚At

an

information

service.At

a

car

wash

point.At

a

repair

shop.At

a

dry

cleaner’s.M:

How

soon

do

you

think

thiscan

be

cleaned?W:

We

have

same-day

service,

sir.You

can

pick

up

your

suit

after

fiveo’clock.Q:

Where

does

the

conversationmost

probably

take

place?[解析]從選項(xiàng)即可判斷本題考查對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景。抓住對(duì)話中的的cleaned，same-day

service“當(dāng)日即取服務(wù)”，pick

up

yoursuit“取衣服”等關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，即不難推知，對(duì)話應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在干洗店，故答案為D。答題技巧總結(jié)單個(gè)地點(diǎn)題：抓住與特定地點(diǎn)相關(guān)的常用詞語(yǔ)。這類題的對(duì)話一般不會(huì)提到具體場(chǎng)所或某人的去向。解題的關(guān)鍵在于抓取關(guān)鍵信息詞，即與特定地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)景相關(guān)的常用詞語(yǔ)。多個(gè)地點(diǎn)題：依賴筆記，留意提問(wèn)中的核心詞。這類題的對(duì)話經(jīng)常會(huì)提到兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的地點(diǎn)，問(wèn)題是針對(duì)其中一個(gè)地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。解題的關(guān)鍵在于區(qū)分細(xì)節(jié)，速記與選項(xiàng)地點(diǎn)相關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容，并注意抓住提問(wèn)中的核心詞。答題技巧總結(jié)3.

熟悉四級(jí)短對(duì)話中常考的地點(diǎn)場(chǎng)景。機(jī)場(chǎng)(at

the

airport

)書店(in

the

bookstore

or

bookshop

)飛機(jī)上(on

the

plane

)郵局（at

the

post

office）火車站(

at

the

railway

station

)

銀行(

in

the

bank)理發(fā)店（at

thebarber’s）旅館(in

the

hotel

)診所或醫(yī)院(1n

the

clinic

or

hospital)

學(xué)校或校園(

atschool

or

campus)五、談?wù)撛掝}大題問(wèn)題是關(guān)于對(duì)話所談?wù)摰脑掝}或?qū)ο?，選項(xiàng)則為名詞短語(yǔ)。提問(wèn)方式通常為：What

are

they

talking

about?What

are

the

speakers

talking

about?[例6][13-6.2-2-12]Fitness

training.The

new

job

offer.Computer

programming.Directorship

of

the

club.[例6][13-6.2-2-12]Fitness

training.The

new

job

offer.Computer

programming.Directorship

of

the

club.W:

Excuse

me,

sir.

I

would

like

toknow

about

the

fitness

training

programme

in

your

club.M: l’II

have

you

speak

with

thedirectorin

charge

of

new

accounts.Q:

What

is

the

womaninterested

in?I解析1選項(xiàng)均為名詞短語(yǔ)，且內(nèi)容相對(duì)獨(dú)立，故本題很可能考查對(duì)話談?wù)撝黝}。女士向男士咨詢俱樂(lè)部的健身訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目(Iwould

like

to

know…fitness

training

programme)，故答案為A)。例7

[11-6-18]A

computer

game.An

imaginary

situation.An

exciting

experience.A

vacation

by

the

sea.例7

[11-6-18]A

computer

game.An

imaginary

situation.An

exciting

experience.A

vacation

by

the

sea.M:

Jane,

suppose

you

lost

all

yourmoney

while

taking

a,Vacation

overseas,

what

would

youdo?W:

Well,

I

guess I’d

sell my

watchor

computer

or

do

someodd

jobs

till

I

could

afford

a

returnplane

ticket.Q:

What

are

the

speakers

talkingabout?[解析]考查談?wù)撛掝}。對(duì)話中，男士讓女士假設(shè)她丟了所有的錢(Jane，suppose

you

lost

all

your

money…)以及女士的回答

Well,1guessl’d…（我想我會(huì)……）可知，對(duì)話雙方談?wù)摰氖且粋€(gè)虛擬的場(chǎng)景，故答案為B）答題技巧總結(jié)1.聽前根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)判斷問(wèn)題類型。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，這類題的選項(xiàng)的概括性都較強(qiáng)，且通常為名詞性短語(yǔ)。另外，各選項(xiàng)所陳述的內(nèi)容往往差別較大。2.聽音時(shí)捕捉與話題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞只要能夠捕捉到話題所涉及的某個(gè)或某些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，往往就可以判斷出對(duì)話談?wù)摰膬?nèi)容。在平時(shí)訓(xùn)練中，應(yīng)留意某類話題的常涉詞語(yǔ)并加以記憶。答題技巧總結(jié)3.注意不要只從對(duì)話一方的話語(yǔ)中尋找答案。由于是考查談話主題，因此雙方的話語(yǔ)中都會(huì)含有與主題相關(guān)的線索詞。六、身份關(guān)系題問(wèn)題是關(guān)于對(duì)話中某個(gè)人物的職業(yè)、身份或?qū)υ掚p方的關(guān)系等。提問(wèn)方式通常為：What’s

the

woman’s

job?What

most

probably

is

Mary?What

is

the

(most)

probable

relationship

between

the

(two)speakers?[例8](05--6--7)Teacher

and

student.Doctor

and

patient.Manager

and

office

worker.Travel

agent

and

customer.[例8](05--6--7)Teacher

and

student.Doctor

and

patient.Manager

and

officeworker.Travel

agent