現(xiàn)在分詞new專題培訓(xùn)公開課一等獎(jiǎng)市優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

現(xiàn)在分詞一、現(xiàn)在分詞的定義現(xiàn)在分詞是動(dòng)詞的另一種非謂語形式。它兼有動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾?，F(xiàn)在分詞和賓語或狀語一起構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞短語。二、現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。

V+-ing現(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)態(tài)和被動(dòng)態(tài)。其形式如下：現(xiàn)在分詞及物動(dòng)詞write不及物動(dòng)詞go主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式WritingBeingwrittenGoing完成式HavingwrittenHavingbeenwrittenHavinggone動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞同形（v-ing），但是，兩者有各自的語法名稱和作用：1）當(dāng)v-ing形式在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語時(shí)，被稱為動(dòng)名詞。2）當(dāng)v-ing形式在句中作狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語時(shí)，被稱為現(xiàn)在分詞。可見，二者都可以作表語和定語。三、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能現(xiàn)在分詞在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語或狀語1、作定語作定語用的現(xiàn)在分詞如果是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面；如果是現(xiàn)在分詞短語，則放在被修飾詞的后面，它在作用上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。comingweek下周runningwater自來水現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，要注意分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間。一般說來，主要有下面兩種情況：（1）表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)需要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）。Didyouseethegirldancing(=whowasdancing)withyourbrother?你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那個(gè)姑娘么？Thecomradesworkinginthecountryside(=whoareworkinginthecountryside)willbebacktomorrow.在鄉(xiāng)下勞動(dòng)的同志們明天回來。（2）表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在（當(dāng)時(shí)）的狀態(tài)（變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)多用一般時(shí)態(tài)）。如：Welivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.我們住在一間朝南的房間里。Thefactorymaking(=thatmakes)thesepensisasmallone.制造這種鋼筆的是一家小廠。動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)的區(qū)別1、動(dòng)名詞作定語表示所修飾名詞的作用、用途等，常常放在所修飾名詞之前；2、現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示它所修飾的名詞的動(dòng)作，被修飾名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系，說明所修飾的詞、所代表的人或物所做的動(dòng)作或特征；單個(gè)分詞作定語，位于所修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞之后。1.flyingfish=fishwhichcanfly飛魚（現(xiàn)在分詞）2.flyingsuit=suitforflying飛行衣（動(dòng)名詞）動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語AwalkingstickAwalkingman=astickforwalking=amanwhoiswalking動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞AwaitingroomAwaitingtaxi=aroomforwaiting

=ataxiwhichiswaiting

動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞作定語：主要表示名詞的用途，相當(dāng)于“for…”表示“供…之用”現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：和修飾的名詞有主謂關(guān)系，表示這個(gè)人或物的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。1.Sixtymillionpeople_____(live)inruralareasaremovingtothecitieseveryyear.2.Thebottle_________(contain)thepoisonwassenttothelaboratory.PracticelivingcontainingFillintheblankswiththeverbgiveninitsproperform.3.Themanwithsun-glasses________(stand)nearacarisadetective.4.Theoldlady______(talk)tothechildrenisafamousmusician.5.Theperson_________(translate)thesongscanspeaksevenlanguages.standingtalkingtranslating6.Youcanseethem__________(perform)everynightthisweekattheNewTheatre.7.Icouldhearthem__________(whisper)toeachotherduringthefirstpartoftheplay.8.Wewatchedthearmy_______(march)downthestreettowardsthepark.performingwhisperingmarching2、作表語?，F(xiàn)在分詞做表語多表示主語所具有的特征。Thestorysoundsinteresting.那故事聽起來很有趣。Thenewswasdisappointing.那消息另人失望?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語，常見的有：exciting,interesting,disappointing,discouraging,encouraging,puzzling,missing,surprising,confusing,amusing,charming,astonishing,shocking等。這些現(xiàn)在分詞幾乎已經(jīng)變成形容詞，常可用very修飾。Thenewsisveryinteresting.這消息很有趣。Ifounditannoying.我覺得它很討厭。動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語時(shí)的區(qū)別1、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的特征或?qū)傩裕?、動(dòng)名詞作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容、功能等。Thenewsisexciting.(現(xiàn)在分詞表特征）Herworkisnursingchildren.（動(dòng)名詞表內(nèi)容）HerfavoritejobisteachingEnglish.動(dòng)名詞表內(nèi)容）Thestorysoundsinteresting.(現(xiàn)在分詞表特征）3、作賓語補(bǔ)足語。現(xiàn)在分詞?？捎迷趕ee,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,have等后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Theykeptmewaitingforalongtime.他們讓我等了好久。Hesawpeoplecomingandgoing.

他看見人們來來往往。上述句子結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，除主語和賓語互換位置外，現(xiàn)在分詞位置保持不動(dòng)。如上面的句子可變?yōu)椋篒waskeptwaitingforalongtime.Peoplewereseencomingandgoing.Hewasheardsinginginhisroom.Heheardhimsinginginhisroom.我們聽見他在房間里唱歌。在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等動(dòng)詞后，既可以用現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，也可用不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。兩者的差別在于：用現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，其含義相當(dāng)于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；用不定式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，動(dòng)作的過程已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

Isawhimgoupstairs.我看見他上樓了。(比較：Hewentupstairs.)（看見他上樓整個(gè)過程，說明他上樓這件事。）Isawhimgoingupstairs.我看見他走上樓。(比較：Hewasgoingupstairs.)（我看見他正在向樓上走去，說明他上樓的情況。）Doyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?(比較：Someoneisknockingatthedoor,doyouhear?)你聽見有人敲們了么？Yes,Idid.Iheardhimknockthreetimes.是的，我聽見他敲了三下。4、做狀語Beingill(=Becauseshewasill),shedidn’tgotoschooltoday.Seeingnobodyathome,Idecidedtocomeagain.Hearingthegoodnews(=whenheheardthegoodnews),hejumpedwithjoy.Walkinginthestreet(=whileIwaswalkinginthestreet),Isawafriendofmine.HesatatthetablereadingChinaDaily.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.Myparentswrotemealettertellingmetochangmyjob.Turningtotheright(=Ifyouturntotheright),youwillfindtheplaceyouwant.Knowingallthis,Istillwantedtoseeitformyself.when,while,though,until,if...+現(xiàn)在分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)省略的狀語從句。Becarefulwhen（youare)crossingthestreet.When(I

was)goingtoschool,ImetMary.While(hewas)waitingforthetrain,he

wastalkingwithJack.WhenIwaswaitingforthetrain,myfriendwastalkingwithJack.Hermotherdiedin1969,leavingherwithfouryoungerbrothersandsisters.1969年她母親死了，給她丟下4個(gè)弟妹。Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.哪個(gè)小孩摔了一跤，頭讓門碰破了。*Hewenttothetrainstationinhaste,____________(find)thetrainhadleft.onlytofindNotknowinghertelephonenumber,Icouldn’tringherup.由于不知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我無法打電話給她。如果現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前發(fā)生，就需要用完成形式。Nothavingreceived(=Because/AsIhadnotreceived)ananswer,Iwrotetohimagain.因?yàn)闆]有接到回信，我又給他寫了信。高考考點(diǎn)Havingfinishedhiswork（=Afterhefinishedhiswork),Henrywent

home.亨利做完工作后就回家了。Havingcometoadecision,weimmediatelysettowork.作出決定后。我們立即開始了工作。與過去分詞一樣，現(xiàn)在分詞短語狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語一般須與句子的主語一致。但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常用來做狀語，表示伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況，有時(shí)還可以表示時(shí)間、原因或條件。Shestoodthere,herheadleaningonthetree.她站在那里，頭靠在樹上。Nightcomingon(=Whennightcameon),westartedforhome.夜幕降臨，我們動(dòng)身回家了。Somanypeoplebeingabsent(=Assomanypeoplewereabsent),theydecidedtoputthemeetingoff.這么多人不在，我們決定會(huì)議延期舉行。Weatherpermitting(=Ifweatherpermits),wewillgothereonfoot.如果天氣允許，我們就步行到那里。–ing形式作獨(dú)立成分，表示說話人的態(tài)度，或看問題的角度。Generallyspeaking,thebookisnotverydifficult.Judgingby/fromhisaccent,hemustbefromAmerica.Talking/Speakingofthebasketballmatch,whichsidewon?Consideringhishardwork,hegotaratherpoormarkintheMathtest.四、現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的用法1現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式和完成式（1）一般式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般同時(shí)進(jìn)行。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.他趕快回家，一邊走一邊不時(shí)地向后看。（2）完成式表示的動(dòng)作則在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。Havinglitacandle,shewentout.點(diǎn)燃蠟燭后，她就出去了。Havingheardthis,thewomanastronautexpressedhersatisfaction.聽到這一點(diǎn)，那位女宇航員表示滿意。2現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，這個(gè)動(dòng)作通常是正在進(jìn)行的，或是與謂語表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.正在維修的那幢樓是我們的宿舍。Ioftenwatchthetrucksbeingloadedwithcoal.

我常?？纯ㄜ囇b煤。Beingaskedtoputonaperformance,sherefused.有人請她表演一個(gè)節(jié)目，她拒絕了。Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldyouletitslipaway?五、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式現(xiàn)在分詞的否定式not+V-ing完成式的否定式not+havingdoneNotknowinghowtodyethesilkred,hewenttoherforhelp.由于不知道怎樣把絲綢染成紅色，他去向她求教。Nothavingheardfromhersonforalongtime,themotherworriedagreatdeal.由于很久沒有收到兒子的來信，這位母親很擔(dān)心。Verb-filling:Ilike_________(climb)inmysparetime.Ilike_________(climb)thehillwithyoutoday.Iregretted________(tell)himthenews.Ishouldhavekeptitasecret.Ihadmeant_______(call)onhimyesterday,butIwastoobusy.Hestillremembers____________(take)toBeijingwhenhewassix.Heapologizedtothemanagerfor_________________(notkeep)hispromise.Hefeltsorryfor______________________(notgive)suchagoodchance.climbingtoclimbtellingtocallbeingtakennothavingkeptnothavingbeengivenVerb-filling:Hestillappreciated____________(give)helpwhenhewasintrouble.Almostnoonecanavoid_______________(influence)bythesurroundings.Thebirdwassoluckythatitjustmissed___________(shoot).Thetelephoneisoutoforderandrequires_______________________(repair).Pleaseexcusemy_________(come)inwithout_________________(permit).After____________(take)careofforsometime,hegotmuchbetter.*Jackwantstobeacookafter_____________.(畢業(yè))(graduatingfromhighschool)graduationbeing

givenbeing

influencedbeing

shotrepairing/to

be

repairedcomingbeing

permittedbeingtaken1.Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thus____thedelay.A.tocauseB.causingC.causedD.causeExercise3.Afterseeingthemovie,_____.A.thebookwasreadbyhim B.thebookmadehimwanttoreaditC.hewantedtoreadthebook D.thereadingofthebookinterestedhim4.Thenextmorningshefoundthemaninbed,_____dead.

A.lyingB.lieC.layD.laying5.Therewasterriblenoise____thesuddenburstoflight.

A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed6.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,____alongspeechforthepresident.

A.toprepare

B.preparing

C.prepared

D.waspreparing7.“Can’tyouread?”Marysaid____tothenotice.

A.angrilypointing

B.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointed

D.andangrilypointing8.Heworkeddayandnight,____histaskaheadoftime.A.finishedB.finishingC.finishD.tofinish9.Iwasinthebathroom,not___theknockatthedoor.A.hearB.tohearC.hearingD.heard10.___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived11.Whatworriedtheboymostwas___tovisithisfatherinthehospital.A.hisnotallowingB.hisnotbeingallowedC.havingnotbeenallowedD.hisbeingnotallowed12.Theyapologizedfor____toattendthemeeting.A.theirnotbeingableB.theirbeingnotableC.themnotableD.thembeingablenotQuizI:Multiplechoice______thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe’dlikethatlittledollonherbed.(北京)SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen2.Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks_____fortheresultsoftheexperiment.(四