北京旅游景點介紹-中英對照

1.故宮

故宮又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心、天安門廣場北1km，景山南門對面。故宮外圍是一條護城河，河內(nèi)是周長3km、高近10米的城墻，城墻四面都有門，南有午門，北有神武門，東有東華門，西有西華門；城墻四角還聳立著4座角樓，造型別致，玲瓏剔透。

故宮大體可分為兩部分，南為工作區(qū)，即外朝；北為生活區(qū)，即內(nèi)廷。其所有建筑排列在中軸線上，東西對稱。在居住區(qū)以北還有一個小巧別致的御花園，是皇室人員游玩之所。

現(xiàn)在故宮的一些宮殿中設(shè)有綜合性展覽，收藏有大量古代藝術(shù)珍品，是中國文物收藏最豐富的博物館。

1.

The

Imperial

Palace

The

Imperial

Palace,

also

known

as

the

Forbidden

City,

is

located

in

the

center

of

Beijing

City,

1

km

north

from

the

Tiananmen

Square,

right

opposite

the

south

gate

of

Jingshan

Mountain.

Outside

the

Imperial

Palace

lies

a

moat,

on

the

inner

side

of

which

there?s

the

city

wall

whose

perimeter

is

3

km

with

a

height

of

nearly

10

meters.

The

wall

has

one

gate

on

each

side:

the

Meridian

Gate

to

the

south,

the

Shenwu

Gate

to

the

north,

the

Donghua

Gate

to

the

east

and

the

Xihua

Gate

to

the

west;

besides,

there?re

four

exquisitely

carved

unique

turrets

standing

at

each

corner

of

the

wall.

The

Forbidden

City

can

be

roughly

divided

into

two

parts:

the

southern

part,

the

working

area,

is

called

“the

outer

court”

and

the

northern

part,

the

living

area,

is

regarded

as

“the

imperial

palace”.

All

the

constructions

of

the

Imperial

Palace

are

arranged

orderly

on

the

central

axis

with

eastwest

symmetry.

To

the

north

of

the

living

area

is

the

small

but

unique

Imperial

Garden

where

the

royal

family

amuse

themselves.

Nowadays,

some

palaces

in

the

Forbidden

City

have

been

equipped

with

comprehensive

exhibitions

where

abundant

ancient

art

treasures

are

collected.

The

National

Palace

Museum

is

the

museum

that

collects

the

most

cultural

relics

in

China.

2.天壇公園

天壇位于北京城南端，是明清兩代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈禱五谷豐收的地方。天壇包括圜丘和祈谷二壇，圍墻分內(nèi)外兩層，呈回字形。北圍墻為弧圓形，南圍墻與東西墻成直角相交，為方形。這種南方北圓，通稱“天地墻”，象征古代“天圓地方”之說。外壇墻東、南、北三面均沒有門，只有西邊修兩座大門——圜丘壇門和祈谷壇門（也稱天壇門）。而內(nèi)壇墻四周則有東、南、西、北四座天門。內(nèi)壇建有祭壇和齋宮，并有一道東西橫墻，南為圜丘壇，北為祈谷壇。

2.

The

Temple

of

Heaven

Located

in

southern

Beijing

City,

the

Temple

of

Heaven

is

the

place

where

the

emperors

of

Ming

and

Qing

Dynasties

worshiped

Heaven

and

prayed

for

bumper

crops.

The

Temple

of

Heaven

is

comprised

of

the

Circular

Mound

Altar

and

the

Hall

of

Prayer

for

Good

Harvests,

and

there?re

two

walls,

the

inner

one

and

the

outer

one,

surrounding

the

Temple

of

Heaven.

With

north

wall

being

circular

and

the

south

one

square

as

it

intersects

with

the

east

and

west

walls

at

right

angles,

they?re

given

the

name

“the

Heaven

and

Earth

Walls”,

representing

Heaven

and

Earth,

for

in

ancient

China,

people

believed

that

Heaven

was

round

and

Earth

was

square.

There

is

no

gate

at

the

east,

south

and

north

side

of

the

outer

wall

and

the

only

two

gates

are

at

thewest

side,

which

are

the

Circular

Mound

Altar

Gate

and

the

Hall

of

Prayer

for

Good

Harvests

Gate,

also

known

as

the

Tiantan

Gate.

While,

the

inner

wall

is

surrounded

by

four

gates,

each

one

at

each

side.

Inside

the

temple

are

the

altar

and

the

Hall

of

Abstinence,

and

they

are

separated

by

a

cross

wall

trending

east-west,

to

the

south

of

which

is

the

Circular

Mound

Altar

and

to

the

north

is

the

Hall

of

Prayer

for

Good

Harvests.

3.頤和園

頤和園坐落于北京西郊，是中國古典園林之首，總面積約290公頃，由萬壽山和昆明湖組成。全園分3個區(qū)域：以仁壽殿為中心的政治活動區(qū)；以玉瀾堂、樂壽堂為主體的帝后生活區(qū)；以萬壽山和昆明湖組成的風景旅游區(qū)。

3.

The

Summer

Palace

Located

in

the

western

suburbs

of

Beijing,

the

Summer

Palace

which

is

regarded

as

the

most

typical

Chinese

classical

garden

is

composed

by

the

Longevity

Hill

and

the

Kunming

Lake,

covering

a

total

area

of

about

290

hectares.

The

whole

palace

is

mainly

divided

into

3

areas:

the

political

activities

area

with

the

Hall

of

Benevolence

and

Longevity

as

the

center;

the

royal

living

area,

the

Hall

of

Jade

Ripples

and

the

Hall

of

Happiness

and

Longevity;

the

scenic

area

which

consists

of

the

Longevity

Hill

and

the

Kunming

Lake.

4.圓明園

圓明園坐落在北京西郊，毗鄰頤和園，由圓明、長春、綺春三園組成，是清朝帝王在150余年間創(chuàng)建和經(jīng)營的一座大型皇家宮苑。圓明園不僅以園林著稱，而且也是一座收藏豐富的皇家博物館，園內(nèi)各殿堂內(nèi)陳列有許多國內(nèi)外稀世文物，園中文源閣是全國四大皇家藏書樓之一，藏有《四庫全書》、《古今圖書集成》、《四庫全書薈要》等珍貴圖書文物。不幸的是，這一世界名園在19世紀末期慘遭英法聯(lián)軍的劫掠和焚毀，以后又經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次毀滅和劫掠，最終淪為一片廢墟。4.

The

Yuanmingyuan

Imperial

Garden

Situated

in

the

western

suburbs

of

Beijing

and

adjoining

the

Summer

Palace,

the

Yuanmingyuan

Imperial

Garden,

comprised

by

Yuanming,

Changchun

and

Yichun

Gardens,

is

a

large

royal

garden

constructed

and

operated

by

the

emperors

of

Qing

Dynasty

within

more

than

150

years

since

emperor

Kangxi

came

to

power.

Not

only

is

the

Yuanmingyuan

Imperial

Garden

famous

for

its

gardens,

it?s

also

a

royal

museum

that

has

a

rich

collection

of

rare

cultural

relics

of

home

and

abroad.

As

one

of

the

four

royal

libraries

across

the

nation,

the

Wenyuan

Chamber,

also

known

as

the

Imperial

Library,

collects

many

precious

books,

e.g.

The

Si

Ku

Quan

Shu,

Collection

of

Ancient

and

Modern

Books,

the

Si

Ku

Quan

Shu

Abstract.

However,

unfortunately,

after

the

Anglo-French

Allied

Force

plundered

and

burned

down

the

garden

in

late

20th

century

and

numerous

destructions

by

other

invaders,

this

world-famous

garden

was

reduced

to

nothing

but

ruins.

5.鼓樓、鐘樓

鼓樓位于北京市中軸線上的地安門外大街，與鐘樓一起在元、明、清時為北京全城報時中心，

1990年起，鼓樓和鐘樓在每年除夕和正月初一時恢復鳴鐘擊鼓。站在鼓樓上可以看到整個后海及地安門大街的熱鬧繁華，登上鐘樓向北可見北京10.景山公園

景山地處北京城中軸線最高點。登上景山，可俯瞰北京，古都風貌盡收眼底，美不勝收。景山春天有牡丹展、夏天有荷花展、秋天有秋實秋菊展，三季花團錦簇，四季松柏常青。除了美景，這里還充滿著老北京的生活氣息，每天早晚都有很多人在這里鍛煉，多以老年人為主，他們還在這里唱紅歌憶往昔。

10.

The

Jingshan

Park

The

Jingshan

Park

is

at

the

top

of

the

axle

wire

of

Beijing

city.

Climbing

up

on

the

Jingshan,

people

can

overlook

and

have

a

panoramic

view

of

Beijing;

it

is

a

feast

for

the

eyes.

There

arepeony

show

in

spring,

lotus

show

in

summer

and

chrysanthemum

show

in

autumn.

It

is

the

bouquets

of

flowers

and

piles

of

brocades

for

three

seasons

and

the

pine

and

cypress

staying

evergreen

for

four

seasons.

In

addition

to

the

beautiful

scenery,

there

is

filled

with

the

lifestyle

of

old

Peking:

there

are

many

people

taking

exercise

every

morning

and

night,

mostly

are

the

elderly,

they

are

also

singing

the

red

songs

and

recalling

the

past.

11.中山公園

中山公園坐落在北京城中心，位于天安門西側(cè)，前鄰天安門廣場，后依紫禁城。原是明、清時的社稷壇，因1925年孫中山先生的靈柩曾停放在園內(nèi)拜殿中，1928年命名為中山公園。中山音樂堂就在中山公園內(nèi)，中山音樂堂是中國愛樂樂團與北京交響樂團音樂季的主場，同時也是北京國際音樂節(jié)的主要演出場地。

11.

The

Zhongshan

Park

The

Zhongshan

Park

is

situated

in

the

center

of

Beijing

city,

located

at

the

west

side

of

Tiananmen.

Its

front

is

adjacent

to

the

Tiananmen

Square

and

its

back

is

near

the

Forbidden

City.

The

Zhongshan

Park

was

once

the

Altar

of

Land

and

Grain

in

Ming

and

Qing

dynasty.

In

1925,

the

bier

of

Sun

Yat-sen

was

placed

in

the

hall

of

the

park,

Therefore,

in

1928,

it

got

the

name

of

Zhongshan

Park.

Zhongshan

Music

Hall

is

in

the

Zhongshan

Park,

it

is

the

music

season

home

court

of

the

Chinese

Philharmonic

Orchestra

and

Beijing

Symphony

Orchestra,

and

meanwhile,

it

is

also

the

main

performing

place

of

Beijing

International

Music

Festival.

12.香山公園

香山公園位于北京西郊，景區(qū)內(nèi)主峰香爐峰俗稱“鬼見愁”，海拔557m。香山公園文物古跡眾多，有燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”，有集明清兩代建筑風格的寺院“碧云寺”，有國內(nèi)僅存的木質(zhì)貼金“五百羅漢”，有迎接六世班禪的行宮“宗鏡大昭之廟”，有頗具江南特色的古雅庭院“見心齋”。香山紅葉馳名中外，1986年就被評為“新北京十六景”之一，成為京城最濃的秋色，每到深秋時節(jié)（10月中旬至11月中旬），數(shù)以萬計的中外游客齊聚香山，共賞秋色。

12.

The

Fragrant

Hill

Park

The

Fragrant

Hill

Park

is

located

in

western

suburbs

of

Beijing.

The

main

peak

Hyangnobong

is

commonly

known

as

“devilishly

hard

to

achieve”

with

a

altitude

of

557

meters.

There

are

numerous

historical

relics,

such

as

the

“Fine

Snow

in

Xishan”,

one

of

the

Eight

Great

sights

of

Yanjing,

the

“Temple

of

Azure

Cloud”

which

has

the

architectural

style

of

Ming

and

Qing

dynasty,

the

remaining

wooden

“Five

Hundred

Arhats”

with

golden

coat,

the

temporary

imperial

palace

“Zongjing

Jokhang

Temple”

to

welcome

the

Sixth

Panchen

Lama,

and

the

graceful

courtyard

“Jianxin

Hall”

with

the

characteristics

of

the

regions

south

of

the

Yangtze

River.

The

maple

leaves

in

Fragrant

Hill

is

known

at

home

and

abroad.

In

1986,

it

was

rated

as

one

view

of

the

“Sixteen

Sights

of

New

Beijing”,

and

became

the

most

charming

autumn

scenery

in

Beijing.

In

late

autumn

(from

the

middle

of

October

to

the

middle

of

November),

millions

of

the

visitors

gather

in

the

Fragrant

Hill

to

appreciate

the

autumn

scenery.

13.水立方（國家游泳中心）

國家游泳中心位于北京奧林匹克公園內(nèi)，是2008年北京奧運會標志性建筑物之一。奧運期間承擔了游泳、跳水、花樣游泳、水球等比賽，賽后建成具有國際先進水平的集游泳、健身、休閑于一體的活動中心?！八⒎健迸c國家體育場“鳥巢”分別位于中軸線兩側(cè)，一方一圓，遙相呼應，構(gòu)成了“人文奧運”的獨特風景線。13.

The

Water

Cube(

National

Swimming

Center)

The

National

Swimming

Center

is

situated

in

the

Beijing

Olympic

Park,

and

it

is

one

of

the

symbolic

buildings

of

Beijing

Olympic

Games

in

2008.

There

held

the

swimming,

diving,

synchronized

swimming

and

water

polo

and

so

on.

After

the

Beijing

Olympic

Games,

it

was

constructed

into

the

activity

center

which

concentrated

the

swimming,

fitness

and

leisure

as

a

whole.

“The

Water

Cube”

and

“The

Bird?s

Nest”

are

respectively

located

at

the

two

side

of

the

axle

wire

of

Beijing.

There

is

one

square

and

one

round,

they

are

echoing

each

other

at

a

distance

which

forming

the

creating

scenery

line

of

“the

Humanistic

Olympics”.

14.鳥巢（國家體育館）

國家體育場即“鳥巢”位于北京市北四環(huán)的奧林匹克公園以南，建筑面積約26萬平方米，可容納觀眾10萬人，承擔2008北京奧運會田徑、足球兩大項目的比賽任務，同時承擔奧運會開幕式、閉幕式任務。奧運會后成為北京市民廣泛參與體育活動及享受體育娛樂的大型專業(yè)場所，并成為具有地標性的體育建筑和奧運遺產(chǎn)。

14.The

Bird?s

Nest

(

National

Indoor

Stadium)

The

National

Indoor

Stadium

also

called

“Bird?s

Nest”

is

situated

in

the

south

of

the

Olympic

Park

in

Beijing

North

Four

Ring

Road.

Its

covered

area

is

about

260

thousand

square

meters,

which

can

hold

100

thousand

audiences,

can

conduct

the

track

and

field

and

the

football

game

of

Beijing

Olympic

Games,

and

can

hold

the

opening

and

closing

ceremony

of

the

Olympic

Games

at

the

same

time.

After

the

Beijing

Olympic

Games,

the

Bird?s

Nest

is

widely

known

as

the

large

professional

place

for

citizens

to

take

part

in

the

sports

activities

and

enjoy

the

sports

entertainment.

It

also

becomes

the

landmark

sports

building

and

the

Olympic

legacy.

15.北京動物園

北京動物園是我國開放最早、動物種類最多的動物園，從清光緒三十二年（1906年）正式建園至今已有逾百年的歷史。1955年改今名。各種動物都有專門的館舍，如犀牛館、河馬館、獅虎山、熊山、猴山、鹿苑、象房、羚羊館、長頸鹿館

、熊貓館、海獸館

、猩猩館、兩棲爬蟲館、鳴禽館、小動物園等。

15.

The

Beijing

Zoo

Beijing

Zoo

is

the

first

opening

zoo

and

owns

the

highest

number

of

animal

species

in

China.

Up

to

now,

there

is

more

than

one

hundred

years

history

from

the

establishment

on

thirty-t