英語閱讀理解的智慧(適用于初一至高三-含2011北京中考及高考閱讀真題解析)

第一講學(xué)會(huì)區(qū)分不同文體

請同學(xué)們閱讀下面的段落，并推斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都使你想到了什么？

ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit!(2010年北京中考閱讀B篇的第一段)議論文Whatdoyoudoifyou’restranded(處于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.…Bodysignals…Smokesignals…Groud-to-airsignals…

（2011年北京中考閱讀C篇的第一段及后面幾段的小標(biāo)題）說明文Asayounggirlgrowingupinthe1930s,Ialwayswantedtoflyaplane,butbackthenitwasalmostunheardofforawomantodothat.Igotatasteofthatdreamin2001…….(2011年高考北京卷閱讀A篇第一段)記敘文文體識別練習(xí)請同學(xué)們繼續(xù)閱讀下面的段落，并判斷它是哪種文體，讀完此段都使你想到了什么？(1)Inthewest,somepeoplebelievethatpersonalitycanbepredictedaccordingtothetimeoftheyearthepersonwasborn.FromChinacomesthebeliefthattheyearofbirthinfluencesone’spersonality.(2)ManytextbooksarenotwritteninthekindofEnglishthatwespeakeveryday.Infact,sometimesthereadingissodifficultthatisalmostseemslikeaforeignlanguage.Inaway,itis--thelanguageofscience……Thesearethestepstofollowwhenyouarereadingsomethingdifficult:……(3)Itwasyearbookdayandweweregivenanhourtosigneachother’syearbooksinthecafeteria.IwaspresidentoftheclassandIplayedsports.WhenIsatdownatatable,peoplestartedtocomeovertogettheiryearbookssignedandtosignmine.(4)MyfatherdiedwhenIwasafewmonthsold.Afterhisdeath,mymothermovedbacktoLouisville,Kentucky,whereshehadgrownup.(5)EachyearBenisgladwhenschoolisclosedonMartinLutherKingJr.Day.Benknowsthatthisdayhonorsanimportantman,butBendoesnotfeelconnectedtohim.However,thesmall-worldtheory(理論)connectsBentoDr.King.Ben’smom(0)hasaclosefriend,Amy(1).Amy’suncle,Mark(2),oncemetandspoketoJohnCarter(3),thesonofPresidentJimmyCarter(4).JimmyCarterknewDr.King(5).Inaway,Benisonly“fivepeopleaway”fromMartinLutherKingJr.(6)ChinatownisthenamegiventoanareainthemiddleofLondon.ItisjustbetweenLeicesterSquareandShaftsburyAvenue.GerrardStreetisatthecenterandisthemostimportantstreetinthearea.ThereisalargeChinesecommunitywithalotofChineserestaurants,Chinesesupermarketsandshopsinthisstreet.1.(選自2011年北京中考A篇)Susan,theUSMybestfriendisFanny.Sheiscleverandinteresting.Wealwayslookaftereachother.Thefirstweekwemet,Igotsickandshelookedaftermeeveryday.Betty,EnglandMybestfriendisAna.Sheishonestandserious.WewereborninthesamecityinEngland.ThenImovedtoAmericawithmyfamily.IthoughtIwouldneverseeAnaagain.WhenIwenttocollegeinNewYour,AnaandIsharedthesameroom!Ken,JapanIlovetospendtimewithDaisukebecauseheisfunnyandsmart.Weenjoytalkingaboutthefunnythingswedidwhenwewerechildren,andtellthesamestupidjokesoverandoveragain.Lily,AustraliaLindaisaveryconfidentgirlandsheisreallykind.SomepeoplemaywonderwhyLindaandIarebestfriendsbecausewearetotallydifferent,butIthinkthisiswhywearesuchgoodfriends.1.WhoisSusan’sbestfriend?A.Ana. B.Fanny. C.Linda. D.Daisuke.2.WhereisKenfrom?A.Australia. B.TheUS. C.England. D.Japan.3.WhatisLindalike?A.Confidentandkind. B.Funnyandsmart.C.Honestandserious. D.Cleverandinteresting.該篇閱讀非常簡單，初一的小同學(xué)也能做好！1說明文的定義：主要用說明的方式來表達(dá)思想內(nèi)容，它常被用來介紹科學(xué)知識或生活常識。特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容上重視科學(xué)性，語言形式重視條理性。2常見的說明方法：分類說明、舉例說明、描寫說明、比較說明、數(shù)字說明、圖像或圖表說明、下定義和注釋。3說明文舉例現(xiàn)在我們讀一篇較復(fù)雜的說明文，選自2011年北京中考閱讀C篇2.Whatdoyoudoifyou’restranded(處于困境的)onalonelyisland?Surelyyouneedtofindawaytogetintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Yourbestchanceofdoingthisistodrawtheattentionofapassingplane.Bodysignals(信號) Pilotsfromdifferentcountriesunderstandbodysignalsiftheyhavethecorrecttraining.Whenyouwaveyourarmsupanddowninastraightline,itmeans“yes”.Whenyoupointdownwardsandswingyourarmfromsidetoside,itmeans“no”.ifyouwantthepolitetoknowthatit’ssafetoland,pushyourhandsoutinfrontofyouandbend(彎曲)yourknees.Ifyouwanttosaythatit’snotsafetoland,putyourarmsintheairandmovethemtooneside.Smokesignals Thesmokefromafirecanbeseenfromfaraway,soit’sagoodwaytodrawattention.Iftheweatherisdry,itisn’thardtostartafire.Remember,however,thatfirescanbeverydangerousiftheygetoutofcontrol.Neverlightafireunlessyou’resurethatitcan’tspread.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecanbeseenmoreeasily.Greengrassandleavesproducelightsmoke.Ground-to-airsignals It’sagoodideatobuildsomesignals,too.Uselargepiecesofwoodtomakethesymbols(標(biāo)記).Ifyoucan’tfindanywood,useearth.Someusefulsymbolsare: F “Ineedfoodandwater.” II “Ineedmedicine.” I “Iambadlyhurt.” X “Iamunabletomovefromhere.Pilots’replies Ifthepilotlowerstheplane’swingsfromsidetoside,thismeans“messagereceivedandunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplane’sgreenlights.)Ifthepilotfliestheplaneinaclockwisecircle,thismeans“messagereceivedbutnotunderstood”.(Atnight,thepilotflashestheplane’sredlights.) However,thereisnosignalwhichmeans“messagenotreceived”.Whynot?1.Whichpicturemeans“it’snotsafetoland”?2.whatcanwelearnfromthepassage? A.Swingingyourarmfromsidetosidemeans“yes”. B.Ifthegroundisdark,lightsmokecan’tbeseen. C.Ifyouneedsomemedicine,makeasymbol“II”. D.Thepilotsmakereplieswithabluelightatnight.3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout? A.Theexplanationofbuildingsignalsonanisland. B.Theimportanceofmakingsignalsonanisland. C.Waysofsendingoutsignalsonalonelyisland. D.Waysofreceivingsignalsfromalonelyisland.中篇說明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)：1抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問題會(huì)在第一段找到答案2不要為文章的長度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示3如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題4邊讀邊整理重要信息——不要忘記閱讀四要:心眼口還有手！同學(xué)們，你們記住中篇說明文的閱讀要領(lǐng)了嗎？1抓住文章第一段，通常文章的主旨大意問題會(huì)在第一段找到答案2不要為文章的長度嚇到，文章的小標(biāo)題會(huì)給我們閱讀提示3如有圖形，可以結(jié)合圖形讀題4邊讀邊整理重要信息——不要忘記閱讀四要:心眼口還有手！對！讓我們再來回憶一下我們剛剛讀過的2011年中考的C篇內(nèi)容。同學(xué)們，你們發(fā)現(xiàn)了嗎，其實(shí)你在不知不覺中運(yùn)用了我們的說明文閱讀要領(lǐng)，記住了文中很多內(nèi)容，而且還學(xué)會(huì)了將信息概括。試想一下，如果文中沒有小標(biāo)題，你也會(huì)自己根據(jù)段意概括內(nèi)容了。好，這就是大家在學(xué)習(xí)說明文中得到的新能力5根據(jù)段落信息進(jìn)行概括下面我們用概括的方法再看一篇“投稿說明/SubmissionGuidelines”，本篇選自2011年高考北京卷閱讀的B篇。本文共8小段，請同學(xué)們不要為文章的長度嚇到，因?yàn)槲覀兠總€(gè)同學(xué)都曾經(jīng)在校內(nèi)或校外為自己精彩的文章產(chǎn)生過投稿的沖動(dòng)，好！那我們就來看一下給Post雜志投稿都需要注意什么。SubmissionGuidelines

Beforesendingusamanuscript(稿件),lookthroughrecentissues(刊物)ofthePosttogetanideaoftherangeandstyleofarticleswepublish.Youwilldiscoverthatourfocushasbroadenedtoincludewell-researched,timelyandinformativearticlesonfinance,homeimprovement,travel.Humor,andmanyotherfields.(讀完這段，你記住并概括了哪些信息？)

ThePost’sgoalistoremainunique,withcontentthatprovidesadditionalunderstandingsontheever-evolvingAmericanscene.(這一段講POST雜志的目標(biāo)就是保持自己的特色，內(nèi)容上能體現(xiàn)對瞬息萬變的美國事件的額外見解。)

Inadditiontofeature-length(專題長度的)articles,thePostbuysanecdotes,cartoons,andphotos.Paymentrangesfrom$25to$400.(這一段講了POST雜志還需要哪些文章)Ournonfictionneedsincludehow-to,usefularticlesongardening,petcareandtraining,financialplanning,andsubjectsofinteresttoa45-plus,home-lovingreadership.Fornonfictionarticles,indicateanyspecialqualificationsyouhaveforwritingaboutthesubject,especiallyscientificmaterial.Includeoneortwopublishedpieceswithyourarticle.Weprefertypedarticlesbetween1,000and2,000wordsinlength.Weencourgeyoutosendbothprintedandonlineversions.(這一段主要講了雜志需要什么類型的文章？你能總結(jié)一下嗎？還有specialqualifications指的是“特殊資質(zhì)”，也就是投稿非小說類文章時(shí)要說明你寫此類主題的特殊資質(zhì)，尤其是科技型的材料。

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Wealsowelcomenewfiction.Alight,humoroustouchisappreciated.Wearealwaysinneedofstraighthumorarticles.Makeuslaugh,andwe’llbuyit.(什么樣的touch/手法，風(fēng)格isappreciated/受到欣賞呢?)Featurearticlesaverageabout1,000to2,000words.Welikepositive,freshanglestoPostarticles,andweaskthattheybethorouglyresearched.(還記得feature是什么文章嗎？從文章的第三段開頭可以找到該詞。)

Wenormallyrespondtoarticlesubmissionswithinsixweeks.Youarefreetosubmit