新目標(biāo)英語八年級(jí)下-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的教案及練習(xí)[001]

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)-練習(xí)資料 結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞have/has + 過去分詞句型轉(zhuǎn)換：否定句： 一般疑問句: 特殊疑問句：一、 表過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,（強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在）例如I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。（“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”）I have just had my breakfast. (對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓)Has he had his breakfast? Yes, he has. 將一般過去時(shí)的句子改寫為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。1. My father bought many books fo

2、r me yesterday .Now , I have a lot to read because _2. I saw this film last week.Now, I know this film because I_.3. I did my homework yesterday.Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_2、 通常及表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just (謂語動(dòng)詞之前) （剛剛）， already（已經(jīng)(肯定句) ）, before（之前）, yet（一般疑問(句末）,已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never（從不）, ever (

3、疑問句) twice（兩次）,recently(近來）等狀語連用，可以和瞬間動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,1 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet.2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before.3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish 三、體會(huì)時(shí)間狀語： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a

4、horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet. 四、請(qǐng)先圈出時(shí)間狀語，再用詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I _(have) lunch already.2. the train_ (arrive) yet?3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to China.4. The twin _just _(see) my father.5. The

5、 twins _(see) my father just now.6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.7._ you _(clean) the room?Yes, we_(do) that already.When _ you _(do) it?We _(do) it an hour ago.8._ he _(see) this film yet? No.When _ he _(see) it?He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.五、翻譯句子：1 你已經(jīng)問過這個(gè)問題兩邊了，別再

6、煩我了。 2我能借你的字典用一下嗎？對(duì)不起，已經(jīng)借給tom了。 3 你以前見過她嗎？不，從來沒有過。 4 你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？是的我去過那兒三次。 5 你已經(jīng)看完那本小說了嗎？是的，我已經(jīng)把它還給圖書館了。 表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。A 動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。B 和表時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。常及for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用，so far, up to/till now到目前為止, in the last/past+一段時(shí)間，all ones life某人的一生中, by now, these days目前，for two years、s

7、ince 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days.She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago.They have lived here since 1990.What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?一、注意：(1)since一段時(shí)間agofor時(shí)間段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks;I have kept the library book for a week.= I

8、have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)for時(shí)間段since 2000=for 13 years(3) since+從句(常用一般過去時(shí))The Greens have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris(4)It is /has been +一段時(shí)間 + since 從句.自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了.  It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 二、用

9、for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland_Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland_three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia_15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there_7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country_1974.6. The bus is late. We've been waiting_20 minutes.7. Nobod

10、y lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill_a long time. He has been in hospital _October9. Its ten years _ we met each other last time. 10. He has taught English _ 25 years. 11. The Greens have lived on the farm _ 1990. 12. They have been practicing the guitar _ tw

11、o hours. 13.How long have you been a reporter? _ 8 years ago. 14. I havent gone for a walk in the park _ a long time. 15. Hes been collecting stamps _ he was in primary school. 16. Peter has been to summer camp _ 3 times. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能及時(shí)間段連用。為了表述意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。他入黨五年了。He join

12、ed the Party five years ago .He has been in the Party for five years.He has been a Party member for five years.It is five years since he joined the Party電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago.The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film began一、三類型：第一類：動(dòng)詞 be + adj. : Die

13、，finish ，open/close，fall ill/asleep， marry sb/get married to第二類：動(dòng)詞 be + 介詞.: start/begin，leave，Join，第三類：動(dòng)詞另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 : Buy，Borrow，get/begin to延續(xù)性v，.Become，put on，二、巧記瞬間性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換“開始離去借來還，出生入死買到家，穿衣入睡要感冒，開開關(guān)關(guān)變結(jié)束1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhav

14、e5 comebe here10 arrivebe here10 reachbe here11put onwear Fall asleep  Be asleep13catch a coldhave a cold14openbe open15closebe closed三/短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be t

15、hereHe got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for .2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .3) I went home yesterday. I home for .4)They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be outHe came out two years ago.He _ for _.2) We returned t

16、o Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become beI became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for_.2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be openThe shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _.2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _

17、_ _ for six hours. get up be up; die be dead; leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep ; finish / end be over ;marry be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _f

18、or _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ; begin be on1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film bega

19、n two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow keep; lose not have ;buy have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my g

20、lasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Party be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joine

21、d the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.注意：have been in, have been to 及have gone to 的用法1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常及表示一段時(shí)

22、間的狀語連用。例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。2、have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了。可及just, ever, never等連用，例如：I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長(zhǎng)城。Have you ever been t

23、o Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如：They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。3、have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，例如：-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了用have /has bee

24、n to和have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu，she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的情況，而一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。試比較：The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒）The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛

25、機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會(huì)繼續(xù)。）I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）用括號(hào)中所給的動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there?2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet?3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just

26、 _ (have) some orange.4. We _already _ (return) the book.5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village?6. -Has Tom taught you English?-Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years.7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me?8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them.9. - T

27、he door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know?- Sorry, I dont know.10. My father _ (read) the novel twice.11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year.12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month.13. How long _ you _(know) him?14. Mike _ (make) quite a few friends since he came to Chi

28、na.15. I _(give) my friend a nice book recently.16. Li Ping and Wu Dong _(see) the old man three times.17. _ she ever _(teach) you English?18. These children _ (stay) in the park for two hours.一、完成句子1.A：你收集貝殼有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ B:自從我上中學(xué)以來。A：How long _ you _ _ shells?B：_ I _ to middle school.2.我滑冰已有五個(gè)小時(shí)了。I _ _ _

29、 _ 5 hours.3.A:這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎?B:不,去年我參加過。A: Was this your _ _ _?B: No，I _ in a _ last year.4.A:你什么時(shí)候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。A: When did you _ your first _ _ _?B: Three years ago.5. A:他游泳有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？ B: 他已游了半小時(shí)了。A: How long _ he _ _ ?B: He _ _ _ _ half an hour.6. 你上網(wǎng)多久了?7. 我上網(wǎng)三小時(shí)了。8. 你什么時(shí)候開始集郵的？9. 我五年前開始集郵的。10. 他

30、收集貝殼十年了。6. 你上網(wǎng)多久了?7. 我上網(wǎng)三小時(shí)了。8. 你什么時(shí)候開始集郵的？9. 我五年前開始集郵的。10. 他收集貝殼十年了。 二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) -have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ _ for twenty ye

31、ars.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. I

32、t arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _ 三、改寫句子：1His father died two years ago. His father _ _ _ for two years.2. He has been in the army for three years._ _ three years since he _ the army.3. I began to study at this school five years ago. I _ _ at this school _ five years.4. Have you ever visited Beijing? Have you ever _ _ _ ?5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago.I _ _ _ _ for five years.I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago.6. I bought the car fi