2023年中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題方法與技巧

初中初中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題方法與技巧 題型一細(xì)節(jié)理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考查對(duì)文章(或某一段落)中某特定事實(shí)信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題和間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題。直接細(xì)節(jié)理解題在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提問。說(shuō)明文和敘述文的閱讀題有相當(dāng)一部分是此類題。間接細(xì)節(jié)理解題需要通過有關(guān)詞語(yǔ)和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換，依靠主要事實(shí)、圖表、圖形來(lái)獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時(shí)間、空間等關(guān)系進(jìn)行加工或整理后方能得出結(jié)論，此類試題在中考試題中占大多數(shù)。抓住文章或段落中的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是做好該題型的關(guān)鍵，也是做好其他類型題的基礎(chǔ)。常見的技巧方法一般有如下幾類： 對(duì)應(yīng)解題技能： 閱讀微技能1細(xì)節(jié)理解 閱讀微技能2數(shù)字計(jì)算方法1：線索句定位法所謂線索句，就是為我們提供正確答案的線索，對(duì)線索句的精準(zhǔn)定位，是閱讀高分的秘訣。首先，英語(yǔ)閱讀的試題順序往往對(duì)應(yīng)著段落順序，按照出題順序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；其次，定位到段后，粗略對(duì)比，迅速找到與試題所給句子中單詞/短語(yǔ)重復(fù)較多的目標(biāo)句；最后，將目標(biāo)句與試題選項(xiàng)的句子仔細(xì)比對(duì)，找出區(qū)別，逐個(gè)排除錯(cuò)誤項(xiàng)，定位答案。典例題分析Toholdapajamaparty,thehostwillusuallyplansomefunactivitiessuchaswatchingmoviesandplayingboardgamesandvideogames.Heorsheshouldalsopreparesomedelicioussnacksandfunfoodlikepizza.Guestsatapajamapartyshouldbringtheirownpajamas,toothbrushes,pillowsandblankets.Butiftheyforgetsomething,theydon'tneedtoworrybecausethehostwillgivethemwhattheyneed.Ifapajamapartyismainlyforfun,apromisnodoubtaveryimportantthinginmostAmericanschools.Apromisaformaldancepartythatisheldatahighschool.Thepartyisusuallyheldneartheendofthesenioryear,thelastyearofhighschool,soitisoftencalledgraduation(畢業(yè))dance.Studentsshouldwearformalclothesattheprom...1.Whatdotheguestsdoatapajamaparty?2.Thestudents______ataprom.A.wearformalclothesB.wearpajamaC.playfungamesD.areallsurprisedStep1：Step1：定位到段：第一題的答案出現(xiàn)在第一段中，第二題可以順著段落順序，定位到第二段；Step2：定位到句：根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的students/ataprom，迅速定位到目標(biāo)句“Studentsshouldwearformalclothesattheprom.”；Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)目標(biāo)句中的shouldwearformalclothes確定答案為A方法2：語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)換法語(yǔ)意轉(zhuǎn)化法，就是指選項(xiàng)中使用和原文不同的詞語(yǔ)、句型或表達(dá)方式，來(lái)表達(dá)和原文相同的意思。主要考查對(duì)線索句的定位和理解，以及同義詞句轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。典例題分析Fifty-sevenyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstcameoutintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostfamoustoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveaFifty-sevenyearsagoBarbieMillicentRobertsfirstcameoutintheworldoftoys.Sincethen,Barbiedoll,aseveryonecalledher,hasbecomethemostfamoustoydollinhistory.Herparent,theMattelCompany,saidthat90%ofallAmericangirlsbetween3and10haveatleastoneBarbieathome.However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent.Therearemanydollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.AnotherdollnamedBratz,forexample,cametolifeseventeenyearsago.Shelooksmoreliketoday'spopstarswithheavymakeup(濃妝)andminiskirts.Barbie'stroubleisthat______.A.itwearsheavymakeupandminiskirtsB.otherdollsaremorepopularwithgirlsC.otherdollsaretryingtobeatherinthemarketD.itismoreexpensivethantheotherdolls解題思路Step1Step1：定位到段：題干中的核心詞是Barbie'strouble，故可定位至第二段。Step2：定位到句：根據(jù)trouble，可定位至目標(biāo)句“

However,Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent.Therearemanydollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.”Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)第二段?Barbieisfacingsometroubleatpresent.Therearemanydollsonthemarketincompetitionwithher.可知，芭比娃娃面臨的問題是：市場(chǎng)上有許多洋娃娃和她競(jìng)爭(zhēng)(incompetitionwith)，也就是這些洋娃娃正試圖在市場(chǎng)上打敗(beat)她，確定答案為A。方法3：選項(xiàng)vs原文比對(duì)法比對(duì)法常用于正誤判斷類試題，就是以文章為依據(jù)，對(duì)選項(xiàng)中所涉及的內(nèi)容做出正誤判斷，可能是針對(duì)某一細(xì)節(jié)，也可能是針對(duì)文章大意等。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)多處細(xì)節(jié)或段落大意，文章大意的理解能力。典型題分析Everybodyneedswater.Everythingneedswater.Weusewatertowashbowls,clothesandourselves.Wheredoesallwatercomefrom?Itcomesfromtheclouds.Someoftherainsinks(滲入)intotheground.Manypeoplegetwaterfromtheground.Somerainwatercomesdownthemountainsintostreams(小溪).Thestreamscometogethertomakelakes.Manypeoplegetwaterfromtheselakes.Watercanchangeitself.Whenwatergetsverycold,itbecomesice.Whenwatergetsveryhot,itbecomessteam.WhichisTrue?A.Animalsneedwater,too. B.Allrainwaterbecomesstreams.C.Whenitishot,streambecomessteam. D.Whenitishot,waterbecomesice.Step1Step1：逐條分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，在文中定位對(duì)應(yīng)的線索局：A.Animalsneedwater,too.動(dòng)物也需要水根據(jù)第一段“Everybodyneedswater.Everythingneedswater.”可知每個(gè)人都需要水，每樣?xùn)|西都需要水，包括動(dòng)物。故A正確。B.Allrainwaterbecomesstreams.所有的雨水都變成了溪流。根據(jù)第二段“Someoftherainsinks（滲入）intotheground.Manypeoplegetwaterfromtheground.”可知有些雨水滲入地下，許多人從地下取水。故B錯(cuò)誤。C.Whenitishot,streambecomessteam. 當(dāng)天氣熱的時(shí)候，水流變成了蒸汽。D.Whenitishot,waterbecomesice. 當(dāng)天氣熱的時(shí)候，水變成冰。根據(jù)第三段“Whenwatergetsveryhot,itbecomessteam.”可知當(dāng)水變得很熱的時(shí)候，就會(huì)變成蒸汽。故C和D錯(cuò)誤。Step2：定位答案：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)分析可知，確定答案為A。方法4：邏輯順序厘清法邏輯順序厘清法，就是根據(jù)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后順序、時(shí)間順序或者句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系，找出事件發(fā)生、發(fā)展的正確順序。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)中事物發(fā)展順序的理解能力。Whileatthebeachthisafternoon,ImetaboycalledBob.Wetalkedalot.Hesaidthatitwasfunplayingonthecliffs(懸崖).ItoldhimthatIwasnotallowedtogonearthatplace(MumandDadhadalwaystoldmeitwasdangeroustoplaythere).Hecalledmeacoward.IwantedtoprovetohimthatIwasjustasbraveashim,soIagreedtogowithhim.Whileatthebeachthisafternoon,ImetaboycalledBob.Wetalkedalot.Hesaidthatitwasfunplayingonthecliffs(懸崖).ItoldhimthatIwasnotallowedtogonearthatplace(MumandDadhadalwaystoldmeitwasdangeroustoplaythere).Hecalledmeacoward.IwantedtoprovetohimthatIwasjustasbraveashim,soIagreedtogowithhim.Wewantedtomakeourwaydowntoexplore(探索)thearea.SoBobstartedtoclimbdownandIfollowedhim.Unluckily,somerockscamedownafterus.Oneofthemnearlyhitmyhead.Wecouldnotgetbackup.Weshoutedandshoutedforhelp,butforalongtimenohelpcame.Iwasreallyscared.Iwantedtocry.Then,weheardsomesounds.Someonehadheardus.Awomantiedaropearoundherselfwhileamanattheclifftopheldtherope.Shemadeherwaydowntosaveus.Myparentswererelieved(寬慰的)thatIwasn'thurt,buttheywereangrythatIhaddonesuchadangerousthing.IapologizedandpromisedthatIwouldnotdoanythinglikethatagain.Inwhatorderdidtheeventshappen?a.Somerockscamedown.b.ThewriterfollowedBob.c.Thewriterwantedtocry.d.Amanandawomansavedthem.e.ThewriterandBobheardsomesounds.A.a-b-c-d-eB.b-a-c-e-dC.a-c-b-edD.b-c-a-e-dStep1Step1：理解a-e題干描述的事件：a.Somerockscamedown.一些石頭掉了下來(lái)；b.ThewriterfollowedBob.作家跟著鮑勃；c.Thewriterwantedtocry.這位作家想哭；d.Amanandawomansavedthem.一男一女救了他們；e.ThewriterandBobheardsomesounds.作家和鮑勃聽到了一些聲音。Step2：通讀文章理出事件發(fā)生的順序：通讀全文可知作者遇到了Bob，才跟隨Bob去了懸崖上，所以選項(xiàng)b排在最前，一些巖石掉下來(lái)，遇到了危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)楹ε孪肟?，所以a，c排在b的后面。接著作者跟Bob聽到了聲音，最后一個(gè)男人跟一個(gè)女人救了他們，所以e，d排在末尾；Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和文章進(jìn)行排序可知，確定正確答案為B。方法5數(shù)字計(jì)算法數(shù)字計(jì)算，就是對(duì)文章中所涉及到的數(shù)量、百分比等進(jìn)行歸納匯總，或進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單運(yùn)算，一般涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等。主要考查學(xué)生審題能力和對(duì)線索句的理解能力。典型題分析

Sharedchargers(共享充電寶)havealreadyappearedat37sitesinXi'an.PeopleinXi'ancanfindtheminplaceslikerestaurantsandshoppingmalls.

Howtoenjoythespecialservice?That'seasy!UserscanscanaQRcode(掃描二維碼)onamachinetorentoneofthechargers.Ofcourse,beforeusing,usersneedtopayadeposit(押金)of100

yuan.Butifauser'sAlipay-basedZhimacreditscoreisover600,heorshedoesn'thavetopayadeposit.Thechargersarefreetouseforthefirsthour,andwillcost1

yuan

perhourafterthat.Youcanspendatmost10

yuan

aday.Sodon'tworryaboutthecost!???????

Jimusedasharedchargerfor3hoursforthefirsttimeandheshouldpay______forit.A.1yuan B.2yuan C.3yuan D.10yuanStep1：Step1：定位到段：結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)可知，本題需要根據(jù)共享充電寶的使用價(jià)格進(jìn)行解答，可定位至第二段。Step2：定位到句：根據(jù)pay...for和選項(xiàng)快速定位至關(guān)鍵句“Thechargersarefreetouseforthefirsthour,andwillcost1yuanperhourafterthat.”。Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)...freetouseforthefirsthour,andwillcost1yuanperhourafterthat.可知，共享充電寶第一小時(shí)免費(fèi)使用，之后每小時(shí)1元。吉姆用了共享充電寶三小時(shí)，他最后應(yīng)該付2元。確定答案為B。 題型二推理判斷推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的線索和事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生的可能性，將間接論據(jù)連貫起來(lái)，得出一個(gè)合理的結(jié)論。合理，就是論推理有事實(shí)根據(jù)，而不是讀者主觀臆斷的。推理判斷題常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問。提問中往往含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如probably，mostlikely等。所謂推斷就是從已知的事情中推測(cè)未知的事情。這里所說(shuō)的未知是指文章或作者沒有直接說(shuō)明但已暗示出來(lái)，或者根據(jù)作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性結(jié)論。所以推斷類題目盡管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我們可以在文章中找到可供推論的依據(jù)。還有一個(gè)重要的技巧就是排除法的適當(dāng)運(yùn)用。很多錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的排除要靠我們對(duì)于文章事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確把握。因此我們也要相應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)于文章事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)的訓(xùn)練。常見的技巧方法一般有如下幾類： 對(duì)應(yīng)解題技能： 閱讀微技能3推理判斷 閱讀微技能4文章出處 閱讀微技能5讀者對(duì)象 閱讀微技能6寫作目的 閱讀微技能7論證方式 閱讀微技能8篇章結(jié)構(gòu)方法6邏輯推理法邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對(duì)文章片段或全文進(jìn)行深層理解來(lái)解答題目。常以時(shí)間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessaryThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportant解題思路Step1：定位到段：分析理解題干和選項(xiàng)后，結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞“Step1：定位到段：分析理解題干和選項(xiàng)后，結(jié)合題干關(guān)鍵詞“Englishexercisesandtests”可定位至第二段。Step2：定位到句：定位至線索句“However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish”Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文中However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish可知，通過做練習(xí)和參加考試，你可以真正提高你的英語(yǔ)水平，即做練習(xí)和測(cè)試非常有必要。故選A。方法7觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的把握來(lái)推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的態(tài)度，以及對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)于作者陳述事件時(shí)所表達(dá)出的個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推斷能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.Step1Step1：定位線索句題干詢問作者對(duì)于做家務(wù)的態(tài)度，關(guān)鍵詞是doingchores，由此定位線索句為“Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.”；Step2：分析線索句線索句意為“做家務(wù)可以讓學(xué)生有責(zé)任感，教會(huì)他們規(guī)則和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作的精神。此外，它可以使學(xué)生的在校經(jīng)歷更有意義?！?，由此可知作者對(duì)于做家務(wù)的態(tài)度是積極的，是支持認(rèn)可的；Step3：選定答案結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，begoodforstudents對(duì)學(xué)生有益符合作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度，正確答案為D。方法8目的意圖判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：Step1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項(xiàng)理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國(guó)如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問題及其危害，還有各國(guó)政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問題。正確答案為B。方法9文章出處判定法文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)各種文章出處的特點(diǎn)和常識(shí)的掌握能力，以及對(duì)文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebookStep1：Step1：題干選項(xiàng)理解：明確試題考查點(diǎn)為“文章出處”，選項(xiàng)釋義如下：A.astorybook 故事書 B.anewspaper報(bào)紙 C.anadvertisement 廣告 D.aguidebook導(dǎo)游指南Step2：總結(jié)歸納文章大意：通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了學(xué)習(xí)更多固然是很好的，但是如果你所做的只是學(xué)習(xí)而不是實(shí)踐，那么是時(shí)候改變現(xiàn)狀，邁出第一步了。Step3：定位答案：由此可推知，本文更有可能在報(bào)紙當(dāng)中出現(xiàn)。正確答案為B。方法10讀者對(duì)象判定法讀者對(duì)象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對(duì)哪個(gè)群體閱讀的。主要考查學(xué)生的概括和推斷能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepoliceStep1：題干選項(xiàng)理解：明確試題考查點(diǎn)為“讀者對(duì)象”，選項(xiàng)釋義如下：Step1：題干選項(xiàng)理解：明確試題考查點(diǎn)為“讀者對(duì)象”，選項(xiàng)釋義如下：A.teachers老師B.parents父母C.child孩子D.thepolice警察Step2：概括文章大意及線索句：通讀全文可知本篇文章主要介紹了如何應(yīng)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌，特別是第二段中Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.可知，當(dāng)你收到有害信息時(shí)，你應(yīng)該把它們交給老師、家長(zhǎng)或警察。Step3：定位答案：根據(jù)文章大意及線索句可知，本文主要是寫給孩子的。確定答案為C。方法11寫作目的判定法目的意圖判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出作者的寫作意圖。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)作者闡述的目的進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)和分析的能力。Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.

Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloating(漂浮)aroundoutthere.Itharmsoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.

Thoughitishardwork,itcanbesolved.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto______.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwasteStep1：Step1：分析理解題干：核心詞匯理解purpose目的；選項(xiàng)理解： A.介紹一些回收廢棄物的方法B.告訴讀者塑料的問題C.比較空氣污染和塑料污染D.描述美國(guó)如何減少塑料垃圾；Step2：概括文章大意：通讀全文可知，本文介紹了塑料垃圾的污染問題及其危害，還有各國(guó)政府采取的措施；Step3：定位答案：目的是告訴讀者塑料帶來(lái)的環(huán)境問題。確定答案為B。方法12論證方式判定法論證方式判定法，就是對(duì)文章提出的觀點(diǎn)舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點(diǎn)，證明觀點(diǎn)的合理性。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.Step1：Step1：分析理解題干：題干理解“提到三星首席執(zhí)行官的演講是為了證明......”；選項(xiàng)釋義，A.三星過去生產(chǎn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)。B.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)將更快地進(jìn)入我們的日常生活。C.他花了很多時(shí)間談?wù)撐锫?lián)網(wǎng)D.三星的產(chǎn)品是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的一部分；Step2：定位線索句：根據(jù)Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).可知引用三星CEO的這段話，主要是為了證明第一句話：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的到來(lái)可能比你想象的要早。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合線索句分析可知其前后是例證關(guān)系。ACD三項(xiàng)均與段落大意無(wú)關(guān)，確定答案為B。方法13篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法，就是對(duì)文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者段落中某事件的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，常以排序或結(jié)構(gòu)圖示等來(lái)考查。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①②③④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④典型題分析Step1：分析理解題干：分析題干可知，本題考查點(diǎn)是“文章結(jié)構(gòu)”；Step1：分析理解題干：分析題干可知，本題考查點(diǎn)是“文章結(jié)構(gòu)”；Step2：分析文章每段的段落大意：第一段先總的來(lái)說(shuō)人們對(duì)于好的禮儀有著不同的觀點(diǎn)；第二段和第三段分別講西方國(guó)家和中國(guó)在超市或飯店里的一些現(xiàn)象以及人們付錢的不同；第四段總結(jié)全文，當(dāng)我們?nèi)e的國(guó)家旅游的時(shí)候要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合每段的段落大意可知，全篇文章屬于總-分-總的結(jié)構(gòu)，確定答案為A。題型三字詞猜測(cè)根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義是英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題重要出題方向之一，也是考查考生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言能力和文化品格的一種重要方式。詞義猜測(cè)題可以針對(duì)單詞、短語(yǔ)的意思進(jìn)行命題考查，還可以針對(duì)某一句子的準(zhǔn)確理解或代詞的精確指代進(jìn)行設(shè)題。除了直接考查單詞或短語(yǔ)詞義猜測(cè)外，在閱讀理解文章中，總會(huì)有一些單詞或短語(yǔ)超出了《考試大綱》詞匯表的范圍，但又沒有附加注釋，也需要考生猜測(cè)，這也是對(duì)詞義猜測(cè)的一種間接考查。 對(duì)應(yīng)解題技能： 閱讀微技能9詞義(單詞&短語(yǔ)&)猜測(cè) 閱讀微技能10指代猜測(cè)方法14詞義猜測(cè)法詞義猜測(cè)指通過構(gòu)詞、定義、對(duì)比、因果、常識(shí)、同義、反義及語(yǔ)境等確定詞義。通常包括生詞釋義、熟詞新義?？疾閷W(xué)生聯(lián)系主旨、結(jié)合上下文對(duì)詞匯的理解辨別能力。

Awomanboughta

parrot

fromapetstore.However,thewomandecidedtoreturntheparrottotheshopthenextday.

Awomanboughta

parrot

fromapetstore.However,thewomandecidedtoreturntheparrottotheshopthenextday.

"Thisbirddoesn'ttalk,"shetoldthepetshopowner.

"Doeshehaveamirrorinhiscage(籠子)?"theownerasked."Parrotslovemirrors."

Thewomanboughtamirrorandleft.Thenextdayshecameback,sayingthatthebirdstillwasn'ttalking.Theunderlinedword"parrot"inparagraph1means"______"inChinese.A.孔雀 B.鸚鵡 C.鴿子 D.老鷹Step1：分析理解詞匯所在句的含義：一位女士從寵物店買了一只Step1：分析理解詞匯所在句的含義：一位女士從寵物店買了一只......。判斷parrot的含義且原句沒有太多線索，需繼續(xù)在下文中找線索。Step2：定位分析線索句："Thisbirddoesn'ttalk,"shetoldthepetshopowner.（“這只鳥不會(huì)說(shuō)話”，她告訴寵物店老板。）Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)及常識(shí)可知，選項(xiàng)中“鸚鵡”可以學(xué)會(huì)說(shuō)話，劃線詞應(yīng)意為“鸚鵡”，確定答案為B。方法15短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)法短語(yǔ)猜測(cè)是指利用上下文語(yǔ)境推測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意義?？疾閷W(xué)生聯(lián)系主旨、結(jié)合上下文對(duì)詞組的理解辨別能力。

Jimlikessugarandcakesverymuch.Healwayseatssomefoodwithsugarbeforegoingtobed.

Jimlikessugarandcakesverymuch.Healwayseatssomefoodwithsugarbeforegoingtobed.

Onemorning,Jimwascryinginbedbeforehegotup.

"What'sthematter,dear?"hismotheraskedinahurry.

"I'vegotatoothache,"saidJim.

Sohismothertookhimtothedentist's.Thedentistlookedhimoverand

pulledout

hisbadtoothatlast.

Twodayslater,Jimwenttoschool.Mrs.Huntaskedhim,"Whatwasthematterwithyouthosedays,

Jim?"

"Ihada

hadtoothache,madam,"answeredJim.

"Oh,I'msorrytohearthat,"saidMrs.Hunt."Isitbetternow?"

"Idon'tknow,madam.Ileftitatthedentist's."WhatistheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase"pullout"?A.切開 B.拔掉 C.縫補(bǔ) D.組裝Step1：分析理解詞匯所在句的含義：牙醫(yī)給他做了檢查，最后Step1：分析理解詞匯所在句的含義：牙醫(yī)給他做了檢查，最后......他的壞牙；Step2：定位分析線索句：Thedentistlookedhimover(檢查)and

pulledout

hisbadtoothatlast.以及最后一句Ileftitatthedentist's.（我把它留在了牙醫(yī)店，此處的it指代壞的牙齒）；Step3：定位答案：分析可知，牙醫(yī)檢查了他的牙齒，并最后拔掉了壞牙，確定答案為B。方法16根據(jù)近義詞/反義詞猜測(cè)詞義法在同一、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語(yǔ)言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時(shí)會(huì)使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個(gè)單詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個(gè)單詞的意思。此外，有時(shí)作者也會(huì)用表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折的信號(hào)詞連接意思相反的兩個(gè)詞或句子，這時(shí)就可根據(jù)反義詞線索猜測(cè)詞義。表示對(duì)比或反義的信號(hào)詞/短語(yǔ)常見的有:(whether)...or,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,instead,ratherthan,,ontheotherhand等Thereisasupermarketnexttomyhouse.Youcanbuyallkindsofthingsthere.Theclothesinitareexpensive,butthefoodisThereisasupermarketnexttomyhouse.Youcanbuyallkindsofthingsthere.Theclothesinitareexpensive,butthefoodischeap...TheChinesemeaningof“cheap”is________.A.美味的 B.昂貴的 C.難的 D.廉價(jià)的Step1：理解詞匯所在句子：里面的衣服很Step1：理解詞匯所在句子：里面的衣服很昂貴，但是食物是________。Step2：分析句子：:expensive是我們學(xué)過的一個(gè)單詞，意為“昂貴的”。前半句意為“里面的衣服很貴”。利用but的轉(zhuǎn)折意義和expensive的含義可猜出cheap表示“廉價(jià)的”，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)含義可知，確定答案為D。方法17構(gòu)詞法猜詞法在閱讀文章時(shí)，總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，如前綴un-表反義詞，如happy-unhappy,fair-unfair等;后綴-ment表名詞,如develop-development,state-statement等;后-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞:如calculate-calculator,visit-visitor,wait-waiter,science-scientist等，如果一來(lái)，這些問題便不難解決了。3DVRGlassesThisisanewarrival3DVR3DVRGlassesThisisanewarrival3DVRShineconHelmetvirtual(虛擬的)realityglasses.ItsupportsmanysmartphonemodelswithAndroidorIOSsystem.PutyourphoneintotheVRglassesandenterthevirtualrealityworld.Youcanenjoythesuperbigscreeneffectof3Dvideos.Noneedtogotocinemas.Youcanalsoplay3Dgameswithit.Specification(說(shuō)明書)Brand(商標(biāo))Name:GtekSize:190mmX135mmX85mmWeight:500gLens(鏡頭):HDOpticalResinAugmentedLensDiameter:30mminches,phoneLength:lessthan160mm,widthlessthan85mmTheunderlinedword"Length"probablymeans______inChinese.A.長(zhǎng)度 B.寬度 C.厚度 D.高度Step1：Step1：分析理解詞匯所在句子：lessthan160mm,widthlessthan85mm(小于160mm，寬度小于85mm)Step2：定位分析線索句：width意為“寬度”，th是名詞后綴lessthan85mm（寬度小于85毫米）；length是long(意為“長(zhǎng)的”)的名詞形式，意為“長(zhǎng)度”，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法演變而來(lái)。Step3：定位答案：分析選項(xiàng)A.長(zhǎng)度length；B.寬度width；C.厚度thickness；D.高度height。確定答案為A。方法18指代猜測(cè)法指代猜測(cè)指依據(jù)語(yǔ)境的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷劃線的人稱代詞或指示代詞在文章中指代的對(duì)象。考查考生對(duì)文章中敘述的特定的人、物、事件的再認(rèn)能力。解這類題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意代詞指代的總原則——就近指代。Whenyoutraveltoothercountries,youcanbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethingsaboutdifferentcustoms(風(fēng)俗Whenyoutraveltoothercountries,youcanbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethingsaboutdifferentcustoms(風(fēng)俗).Youreadallthesefrombooksinthepast,butnowyouhaveachancetoknowthemclearly.Youcanalsomakenewfriendsfromdifferentcountries.Theycanhelpyouknowmoreabouttheirowncountries.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"refertoinParagraph3?A.Friends. B.Teachers. C.Countries. D.Customs.解題思路Step1Step1：分析理解題干及選項(xiàng)：結(jié)合題干可知本題考查點(diǎn)為指代猜測(cè)，選項(xiàng)含義A.朋友B.老師C.國(guó)家D.習(xí)俗Step2：定位分析線索句：根據(jù)第一句"Whenyoutraveltoothercountries,youcanbeservedwithdifferentnewfoodsandknowmorethingsaboutdifferentcustoms(風(fēng)俗)."當(dāng)你去其他國(guó)家旅行時(shí)，你可以吃到不同的新食物，了解更多關(guān)于不同習(xí)俗的事情，由此可知下一句所說(shuō)的在書中了解的是關(guān)于習(xí)俗的事情，有機(jī)會(huì)清晰地了解他們也是指的風(fēng)俗。Step3：定位答案：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)含義可知，確定答案為D。題型四主旨大意每篇文章都有一個(gè)主旨大意。主旨大意題對(duì)考生的歸納、概括能力有一定的要求。文章主旨大意一般有四種呈現(xiàn)形式：文首、文中、文尾、不明確給出(需要總結(jié))。做這種題要掌握以下技巧：通讀文章，重點(diǎn)把握首末段、首末句；作者反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)或文章中多次出現(xiàn)的詞句通常是主旨；注意文中therefore,thus,but,however,inshort,to

sumup等表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折或總結(jié)的詞語(yǔ)。主旨大意題是對(duì)整篇文章或者文章中個(gè)別段落大意的概括，屬于高難度、高區(qū)分度的題目。常見的提問方式是：Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

或Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext? 對(duì)應(yīng)解題技能： 閱讀微技能11文章&段落大意 閱讀微技能12標(biāo)題判斷方法19文章大意總結(jié)法文章大意，就是對(duì)整篇文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行提煉概括。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)整篇文章主旨大意的理解歸納能力。Whenacceptinggifts,rulesaredifferenthereinChinaandinthewest.AnnaWhenacceptinggifts,rulesaredifferenthereinChinaandinthewest.AnnaScheen,fromtheNetherlands,waspuzzled(困惑的)whenshegaveapresenttoherChinesefriendsforthefirsttime."Theyrefusedtoacceptittwoorthreetimes,andwhentheyfinallyaccepted,theydidn'topenit.Theyjusttookitandputitaway.Afterthat,Ineverheardaboutitagain.Theynevermentionedwhethertheylikeditor