《商務法律英語》參考答案

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ANSWERKEY,DISCUSSIONPOINTSANDEXERCISESChapter1

DiscussionPoints(suggestedanswers)

Page5:

1.IfthePresidentvetoedeverybillthatCongressapproved,theprocessofmakinglawswouldbecompletelyblocked.Congresswouldbecomepowerlesstomakenewlaws.ThiscouldleadtoabreakdownoftheentireU.S.governmentsystem.

Exercises

VocabularyReview

1.federal

2.state

3.executive

4.legislative

5.judicial

6.constitution

7.legislative

8.Representatives

9.laws

10.executive

11.president

12.governor

13.veto

14.judicial

15.trial

16.appeals

17.supreme

ReadingComprehension

1.h

2.c

3.a

4.e

5.f

6.b

7.d

8.g

Listening1

1.Apreambleisapreliminarystatementorintroduction.

2.Michaelisconfusedby“amoreperfectunion”and“ourselvesandourposterity.”

3.“Tomakeastrongerfederalgovernmentandastrongerjoiningofthefiftystates.”

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4.“Posterity”meansthefuturegenerations.

5.Theyaregoingtodrinktea.

ReadingLegalDocuments

1.Freedomofreligion,freedomofspeechandofthepress,righttopeaceablyassembly,andrighttopetitionthegovernmentforaredressofgrievances.

2.Congresscannotestablishagovernmentapprovedreligion.Thewordsintheamendmentonthisissueare,“Congressshallmakenolawrespectinganestablishmentofreligion,orprohibitingthefreeexercisethereof.”

3.ThelanguageguaranteesfreedomofspeechtoallpeopleoftheUnitedStates.The“press”isallofthecommunicationsmedia,includingnewspapers,newsmagazines,newsblogs,televisionnews,radionews,andanynewssourceontheInternet.

4.Thislanguagemeansthateithersmallorlargegroupsofpeoplecangathertogether,eitherinsideoroutside,astheyplease.ItincludestherightinthosegatheringstospeakoutagainstanylawsoractionsoftheU.S.government.

Listening2

1.ThethreebranchesoftheU.S.governmentaretheexecutive,judiciary,andlegislative.

2.“Abridging”means“restricting.”"Thepress"referredtoprintingpresses,butnowitmeansallmedia--newspapers,magazines,television,radio,andblogs.

3.ThepresidentcanvetoproposedlawsthatarepassedbyCongress.

4.TheSupremeCourtcandeclarelawspassedbyCongresstounconstitutional.

5.Congresscanvoteontheproposedlawagain,andifitpassesasecondtime,itbecomesalaw.

6.Theyusetheword“check”tomeanawrittenordertothebanktopayfromonepersonto

another.Theyusetheword“balance”tomeantheamountofmoneyleftinthebankaccountafterthemoneyhasbeenpaidonthe“check.”Theyalsousetheword“check”tomeanthebillfortheteatheyhad.

Chapter2

DiscussionPoints(suggestedanswers)

Page20:

1.Gabriellaistheplaintiff.Troyisthedefendant.

2.Intheappeal,Troyistheappellant.Gabriellaistheappellee.

3.Yes,theparties?roleschangedfromthetrialtotheappeal.Inthetrial,Gabriellawastheoneaskingthecourttofindinherfavor.Intheappeal,Troyistheoneaskingthecourttofindinhisfavor.

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Exercises

VocabularyReview

1.trial

2.plaintiff

3.prosecutor

4.defendant

5.plaintiff

6.causeofaction

7.jurisdiction

8.trial

9.witness

10.witness

11.testimony

12.evidence

13.evidence

14.jury

15.appeal

16.appeal

17.appellant

18.appellee

19.appeal

20.writ

VocabularyinAction

1.c

2.b

3.b

4.c

5.a

6.c

7.b

8.d

9.b

10.d

11.a

ReadingComprehension

1.f

2.a

3.b

4.c

5.d

6.g

7.e

8.h

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Writing

Peaches?complaint:

PlaintiffPeachesalleges:

1.PlaintiffenteredintoacontractwithdefendantRhonda.ThecontractstatedthatPlaintiffwouldcleandefendantRhonda?shouse,beforeascheduledpartyonSaturdaynight,andRhondawouldpayPlaintiff$100.

2.Plaintiffcleanedthehouseaspromised,butRhondabreachedthecontractbyfailingtopayPlaintiffthe$100.

4.PlaintiffPeacheshasbeendamagedintheamountof$100.

5.PlaintiffrequeststhecourtforajudgmentagainstRhondaintheamountof$100.

Rhonda?sanswer:

DefendantRhondaalleges:

1.DefendantRhondaadmitsthatsheenteredintoacontractwithplaintiffPeaches.RhondaadmitsthatthecontractstatedthatshewouldpayPeachesthesumof$100whenPeachescleanedRhonda?shouse.

2.RhondaallegesthatPeachesfailedtocleantheentirehouse.Therefore,RhondadidnotpayPeaches.

4.Rhondadidnotbreachthecontract.

5.BecausePeachesfailedtocleantheentirehouse,sheisnotentitledtopayment.Therefore,Peacheshasnotbeendamagedinanyamount.

6.RhondarequeststhecourtforajudgmentthatshedoesnotoweanymoneytoPeaches.

Listening1

1.Adepositionisshowninthisvideo.

2.ThemeetingwasonMarch15,2016.

3.Mr.Deweyisalawyer,representingTroy.

4.Troydoesnotadmitthathebreachedthecontract,becausehesaysGabriellachangedtheplans.

5.TroysaysGabriellaaskedhimtoshrinkthemasterbedroomby20%andtoexpandthemasterbathroomby20%

6.TroyhasatextmessagefromGabriellathatprovesthatheistellingthetruth.

ClassroomDiscussion

1.Thepurposeofacivilcaseistocompensatetheinjuredparty.Thepurposeofacriminalcaseistoprotecttheinterestsofsociety.

2.Sampleanswer:InChina,casesareheardbyeitherasinglejudge,forsimplecases,orbyacollegiatebenchofjudges,formorecomplicatedcases.ThereisnojuryinChina.

3.Lawsuitsarenotveryefficientinsettlingdisputes.Theyareexpensive,theytakealongtime,andthepartieshavenocontroloverthedecision.Rather,thedecisionisentirelyinthehandsofthejudgeorjury.Also,aftertrial,thelawsuitmaygothroughoneormoreappeals,whichaddsmoretimeandexpense.Mediationgivesthepartiesmorecontrolovertheresolutionofthe

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disputeandisfasterandlessexpensivethanlawsuits.Arbitrationisbetterthanatrialbecauseitisfasterandlessexpensive,andusuallythereisnoappeal.

Listening2

WatchandlistentoVideo4,"WhatintheWorldisPrecedent?"Listentwice.Thefirsttime,justlistenforgeneralcomprehension.Thesecondtime,trytoanswerthefollowingquestions.

1.ThecommonlawcountriesarethosewhichusedtobecoloniesofEngland.ThecommonlawcountriesincludetheUnitedStates,Canada,andIndia.

2.Commonlawlegalsystems.

3.Whatdoestheexpression"don'treinventthewheel"mean?Thismeans,oncesomethinghasalreadybeeninvented,it'sawasteoftimetostartalloverandinventitagain.

4.Ajudgewilllookbackathowotherjudgesdecidedearliercaseswhicharesimilartothecasethatjudgeisdecidingnow.Ifpossible,thejudgewilldecidethecurrentcaseonthesamelegalprinciplesasthedecisioninthoseearliercases.

5.Whentherearenewcasesthatjudgeshavenotpreviouslyhadtodecide,thereisnoprecedent.Sothefirsttimeajudgedecidesanewtypeofcase,thatjudgecreatesnew"judgemadelaw."

6.Mr.DeweyhastogotoJudgeWhipper?scourt.

Chapter3

DiscussionPoints(suggestedanswers)

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1.Aparentpromiseshiscollegeagechildthatwhenthechildturns21,theparentwillbuythechildacar.Thisisanunenforceablepromise.Butacontractwouldbeiftheparentpromisestobuythecarifthechildstudieshardandgetsstraight“As”onhisgrades.Thisisenforceablebecausebothpartiesmustdosomething.

2.Ifapromiseismadethatthepromiseerelieson,andthepromisethentakessomeaction,orgivesupsomeactionbecauseofthepromise,thatpromiseshouldbeenforced;otherwise,itisveryunfairtothepromisee.

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1.Becauseanicecreambarisnormallysoldformuchmorethantencents,areasonableperiodoftimeforamarkettosellatthatverylowpriceisprobablynotmorethanoneday.

2.Because75%isadeepdiscountfromtheregularprice,areasonableperiodoftimeforthissalepriceisprobablynotmorethanoneweekend,orperhapsonewholeweek.

3.Iwouldlookatwhattheofferisfor.Ifitisforsaleofaproduct,Iwouldlookattheregularpriceandtheofferedpriceforthatproduct.Ifitisforaservice,Iwouldlookatwhatserviceisbeingofferedandwhetherthatserviceisalwaysoffered,oronlyoccasionallyoffered.Iwouldlookatanyotherfactsorcircumstancesrelatedtotheofferandtakethoseintoaccountalso.

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Page37:

1.ThisofferislimitedbytimebecausethesaleendsonFriday.

2.Thisofferisquantitybecausethesalesmanagerdoesnotsayanythingabouttherebeingalimitedsupplyofdesksandchairs.

3.Thisofferislimitedbymannerofacceptance–Brandonmustpaycash.

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1.Doddsdidnothavetowaituntil9:00amonFriday,becausehedidnotreceiveanythinginreturnforhispromisetowaituntilthen.Itwasanunenforceablepromise.

2.Yes,DoddswithdrewtheofferbyhisconductofactuallysellingthepropertytoMr.AllanbeforeDickinsoncommunicatedhisacceptance.

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1.Theofferisneitherclearnordefinite,becausethereisnostatementatallofwhatwilloccurduringthe“night.”

2.Becausetheofferisnotclearordefinite,itcannotbedeterminediftheofferisforalegalcontract.Iftheofferisactuallyforsexinreturnforpaymentofmoney,thenitisnotforalegalcontractbecauseprostitutionisgenerallyillegal.

3.Theofferisneitherclearnordefinite,becausethereisnostatementatallofwhatwilloccurduringthe“night.”

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1.Yes,aunilateralcontractwasformedbyAlphonso?sconduct.HeacceptedHomer?sofferbyharvestingthewheatwithinthetimeperiodrequested(“thisweek”).

2.Yes,AlphonsoisentitledtopaymentbecausehedidwhatHomerasked,andanenforceableunilateralcontractwasmadebyconduct.

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1.Johnson?sburdenwastodonatethe$100totheuniversity.Johnsondidnothaveabenefitbecausehewasnotgoingtoreceiveanythinginreturnforhisdonation.

2.Theuniversitydidnothaveanyburden,asitmadenoparticularpromiseofhowitwouldusethe$100donation.Promisingtopaydownthedebtwasnothingmorethanapromisetousethemoneyforaproperpurpose,whichthelawrequiredanyway.

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1.Theuncledidnotreceiveanytangiblebenefit,exceptperhapsfor“feelinggood.”

2.Thenephewhadtheburdenofgivingupseveralthingshecouldotherwiselegallydo–smoke,drink,gamble,andswear.

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Page44:

1.Theuniversitydidnotchangeitspositioninanydetrimentalway,inrelianceonthepromiseofthe$100donation.Theuniversityreallydidnothingatall.

2.Yes,theruleofdetrimentalreliancecouldhavebeenusedbecausethenephewdidchangehisposition,tohisdetriment,inrelianceontheuncle?spromise.Thenephewgaveupsmoking,drinking,gambling,andswearing,allofwhichhewaslegallyentitledtodo.

Page45:

1.Cohenreliedonthereporter?spromisenottodisclosehisidentity.Inrelianceonthereporter?spromise,heturnedoverthedocumentstothereporter.Thiswastohisdisadvantageordetrimentbecauseitputhisjobatrisk.

2.Althoughbothreasonswereimportant,itseemsthatthecourtwasmostconcernedaboutthelongtraditioninthenewsreportingbusinessofprotectingtheidentityofconfidentialnewssources.

Exercises

VocabularyReview

1.promisor

2.promisee

3.consideration

4.offer

5.offeror

6.offeree

7.acceptance

8.counteroffer

9.bilateral

10.unilateral

11.reliance

12.detrimental

VocabularyinAction

1.d

2.a

3.c

4.c

5.b

6.c

7.d

8.a

9.b

10.d

11.c

12.b

ReadingComprehension

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1.f

2.b

3.a

4.e

5.c

6.d

7.g

8.h

9.i

ReadingLegalDocuments

1.TheSellerisLarryLund.TheBuyerisFarleyFarnsworth.

2.Theseparagraphsarethe“Recitals,”whichrecitethebackgroundfactsfortheagreement.

3.TheBuyerpromisestopay$8,000cashfortheToyota(paragraph1).TheBuyerpromisestomakethispaymentnolaterthanMay3,2015(paragraph4).TheBuyerpromisestoacceptthecar“asis”(paragraph2).TheBuyerpromisesthathehadanopportunityinspectanddrivethecar(paragraph2).TheSellerpromisestoalsodelivertheextrasparetireandthesheepskinseatcovers(paragraph3).

4.“Asis”meansintheconditionofthecarasitisatthattime,includinganydefectsorbrokenitems.

5.Theconsiderationistheexchangeofpromises:theBuyerpromisestopay$8,000,andtheSellerpromisestodeliverthecar,extrasparetire,andsheepskinseatcoverstotheBuyer.

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Writing

AGREEMENTFORPURCHASEOFOFFICEFURNITURE

ThisagreementismadeandenteredintobyBigBoxFurniture("Seller")andBrandonVentura("Buyer").

RECITALS

A.Buyerdesirestopurchasefurnitureforhisnewoffice.

B.SellerhasallofthefurniturethatBuyerneeds.

C.SellerandBuyerhaveagreedonpricesforthefurniture.

D.Thetermsoftheagreementtobuyandselltheofficefurnitureareasfollows:

1.SelleragreestosellBuyerfourdesks,fourdeskchairs,twofilingcabinets,twoworktables,andonebookshelf,forthetotalpriceofFourThousandFourHundredFiftyDollars($4,450).

2.SellerwilldeliverallfurnituretoBuyer’sofficewithinoneweek.

3.BuyerwillmakefullpaymenttoSellerupondeliveryofthefurniture.

4.BuyerandSelleragreethattherearenootheragreements,promises,representations,orwarrantiesbetweenthemconcerningthefurniture,otherthanasstatedinthiswrittenagreement.

______________________________________

BRANDONVENTURA

_______________________________________

BIGBOXFURNITURE

Listening1

1.Michaeliswaitingforthebus,togotoclass.

2.Brentisgoingtobuyanewcarafterclass.

3.MichaelofferstobuyBrent?scarfor$5,000.

4.MichaelandBrentagreethatMichaelwillbuythecarfor$6,000.MichaelwillpayBrent$5,500now,andanother$500attheendofthesemesterwhenMichaelsellshistextbooks.

5.Yes,Brent?sofferislimitedbytime.BrentagreestoholdthecarforMichaeluntiltheendoftheweek,butifMichaeldoesnotpaybythen,Brentwillsellthecartosomeoneelse.

6.Michaelhastogetthemoneyfromhisparents.

ClassroomDiscussion

1.Onceanofferhasbeenmadeandaccepted,thepartieshaveacontract.Eachpartynowhasthelegalobligationtodowhatwaspromisedbythatparty.

2.Iftheofferisindefiniteorunclear,butitisaccepted,thecontractwillalsobeindefiniteandunclear.Itmaybedifficulttodetermineexactlywhatthecontractis,orwhateachpartyhaspromisedtodo.

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3.Ifthepromiseehasreliedonapromisetohisorherdetriment,itisagoodideaforthecourttoenforcethepromise.Otherwise,thesituationwillbeveryunfairforthepromisee.

Listening2

1.Ms.Toy?spreviousjobwasinSeattle.

2.Ms.ToywasplanningtoworkfortheJavaBean.

3.TheJavaBeanrehireditsoldvice-presidentofmarketingandtoldMs.Toythatthejobwasnolongeravailable.

4.Underthe“employmentatwill”rule,theemployercanterminatetheemployee?sjobatanytime.

5.TheruleofdetrimentalrelianceappliesbecauseMs.ToyquitherjobinSeattleandmovedtoLosAngelestotakethenewjob.

6.WhatisMr.DeweygoingtobesureJavaBeanfor?Mr.DeweyisgoingtosueforMs.Toy?scostsofmovingfromSeattletoLosAngeles,andallthemoneyshegaveupbyquittingherjobinSeattle.

Chapter4

DiscussionPoints(suggestedanswers)

Page54:

1.CecilandDr.Lididnotmakeanagreementbecausetherewasnomeetingoftheminds.CecilthoughthewassellingonlytheChinaCoinCollection,butDr.Lithoughthewasbuyingallofthecoins.

2.Thesituationissimilartothe“Peerless”shipcasebecausethetwopartieswerenottalkingaboutthesamecoincollection.Itisdifferentbecausetheydidnotreachagreementonpriceforthewholecollection,andalsobecausethemisunderstandingwasprobablycausedbyanerrorintranslation.

Page55:

Yes,languagepresentedaproblemtoCecilandDr.Li.Becausetheydidnotshareacommonlanguage,theyeachhadtorelyonatranslator.Thetranslationmayhavecontributedtotheirmisunderstandingofwhatexactlywasbeingsoldandbought.

Page56:

1.Forcontractsforgoodsthataresoldtochildren,orforservicesthatareprovidedtochildren,itisappropriatefortheirparentstosignthecontractforthem.However,whenthechildrenthemselvesaretoprovideservices,itisnotappropriatefortheparentstosignthecontractforthechildren,becauseitisthechild,nottheparents,whowillhavethejobofperformingtheservices.Thisisespeciallytrueifthechildisgoingtoperformservicesthatchildrenusuallydonot,orshouldnot,perform,suchasmodelingnude.

2.Theentertainmentindustryhiresminorsinmanyareasofentertainment,includingmovies,televisionshows,andmusicrecording.Ifminorscouldlaterrejecttheircontracts,itwouldcausealargehardshiptotheproducersofentertainmentprojects,anditwouldprobablyresultinfewerminorsbeinghiredtodothosejobsatall.

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Page57:

1.Lucy?sstoryseemsmoreconvincingbecauseZehmerwrotethecontractandbothheandhiswifesignedit,andbothZehmerandLucyagreethatLucyoffered$5toZehmer.

2.Apartyisincompetenttomakeacontractifhehasdrunksomuchthatheismentallyincapableofunderstandinganagreement.AllwitnessesagreedthatbothLucyandZehmerhadbeendrinkingquiteabit,buttherewasnospecifictestimonyonwhethertheyweretoodrunktounderstandtheagreement.Itispossibletheywerenotmentallycompetenttomakethecontract,buttheevidencewasunclearonthatissue.

Page58:

1.Yes,thepartiesmadeamutualmistake,becausetheydidnotrealizethatthecowcouldgetpregnantandwasinfactalreadypregnant.Thiswasimportantbecauseitaffectedthevalueofthecow.

2.Hirammightnothavesoldthecowatall,orifhedidsellit,hewouldhavecharged$800,notjust$100.

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1.Thedefenseofundueinfluenceisusedwhenastrongerpartyovercomesthewillordesireofaweakerpartybyinfluenceorpersuasion.Thedefenseofduressisusedwhenonepartyhasphysicallyoreconomicallythreatenedtheotherparty,toforceagreementtoacontract.

2.Thepersuadedperson?smentalweaknessisnotmentalincompetence,becauseusuallythepersondoesunderstandtheagreement,butispersuadedtomaketheagreementeventhoughitisnotinthatperson?sbestinteresttodoso.Mentalincompetencemeansthepersondoesnothavethementalabilitytounderstandtheagreement.Undueinfluencemeansthepersonisimproperlypersuadedtomakeanagreementthatisnotgoodfortheperson.

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1.SamuelGoldwynmeantthatanoralcontractisworthless.Sincetheoralcontractisnotprintedonpaperatall–thereisnopaper–thereisno“worth”tothenonexistentpaper.

2.Ifthepartieslaterdisagreeonwhattheyhaveagreedtodo,itmaybedifficulttoproveexactlywhattheiragreementwas.Itbecomesoneparty?swordagainsttheother?s.

Exercises

VocabularyReview

1.mutual

2.mutuality

3.competent

4.competence

5.majority

6.minors

7.disaffirm

8.rescind

9.defense

10.rescission

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11.fraud

12.duress

VocabularyinAction

1.b

2.b

3.d

4.c

5.b

6.d

7.b

8.b

9.d

10.c

ReadingComprehension

1.e

2.i

3.a

4.h

5.b

6.j

7.f

8.c

9.d

ReadingLegalDocuments

1.Mrs.Woodpresentedthedefensesoffraudandmistakeoffact.

2.Therewasnomistakeoffactbecausebothpartiesknewtheringhadagemstone,eventhoughneitherknewitwasadiamond.

3.Thepartiesmadeamistakeofvalueinthiscase–thegemstonewasmuchmorevaluablethantheythoughtatthetimeofthecontract.

4.TherewasnoevidencethatMr.Boyntonhadevenabeliefthatthestonewasadiamond,sohecouldnothavemisledMrs.Woodaboutthevalueofthestone.

5.Mrs.Woodhadthestoneforalongtimeandadmittedthatshehadmadesomeinquiryintoitsnatureandqualities.

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Writing

Sampleemail:

DearMrs.Wood.IhavelookedatthefactsandevidenceconcerningyoursaleofaringtoMr.Boynton.Iunderstandthatyouwanttorescindthissalebecausethegemstonethatyouthoughtwasatopazinfactturnedouttobeadiamond.Unfortunately,itappearsthatyoudonothaveagooddefenseforeitherfraudormutualmistakeoffact.Toproveadefenseoffraud,youmustprovethatMr.Boyntoneitherintentionallyliedtoyouaboutthenatureofthestone,orthatMr.Boyntonknewthestonewasadiamondbutintentionallyhidthatinformationfromyou.Theredoesnotseemtobeanyevidenceforeitherofthosethings.Rather,itseemsthatMr.Boyntonwasnotanexpertingemstones,andthathedidnothavethestoneanalyzedatall.Hejusthelditinhishandandlookedatit,andthenagreedwithyouthatitmightbeatopaz.Theevidenceseemstoprovethathedidnothaveanyideathatthestonewasadiamond.Sothereisnoproofoffraudhere.Thereisalsonodefenseofmutualmistakeoffact.BothyouandMr.Boyntonknewthatyouweresellingaringwithagemstone,andbothofyouagreedthatyoudidnotactuallyknowwhatthestonewas,butthoughtitmightbeatopaz.Inotherwords,youbothagreedonthefactsofthesale.Themistakeherewasamistakeofvalue.Neitherofyouknewtherealvalueofthestone.However,amistakeofvalueisnotalegaldefensetoacontract.Therefore,IamafraidthereisnolegalbasisforyoutorescindthesaleoftheringtoMr.Boynton.

Listening1

1.EmilywasjustofferedapartonanewTVshow.

2.Emilyisworriedbecauseshehastoagreetoactintheseriesforaslongassevenyears.Iftheseriesisahit,anditkeepsrunning,Emilyhastokeepplayingtheroleforsevenseasons.

3.Emily?scontractwillhavetobeawrittencontractbecauseoftheOneYearRule–herservicesasanactresscannotbefinishedwithinoneyearandmaygoaslongassevenyears.

4.Emily?sservicesasanactressontheTVseriesmaylastaslongassevenyears.Thismeansthecontractcannotbecompletedwithinoneyear,sotheOneYearRuleapplies.

5.ThepurposeoftheStatuteofFraudsisactuallytopreventfrauds–topreventpeoplefromclaimingthatdealsweremadewhentheyreallyweren?t.

6.MichaeladvisesEmilytoshowhercontracttoalawyer,andshesuggeststhatMr.DeweycanlookitoverforEmily.

ClassroomDiscussion

1.Inamistakeoffact,thepartiesaremistakenaboutsomeimportantaspectofthecontract?sfactsorsituation.Iftheyhadknownthetruefacts,theymightnothaveenteredintothecontractatall.Itwouldbeappropriateinthissituationtoletthemcancelthecontract.Butinamistakeofvalue,thepartiesknowwhattheyaredoing,butareonlymistakenaboutthetruevalueofthethingthatisthesubjectofthecontract.Justbecauseonepartymakeswhatturnsouttobeabadbargain,thatisnotagoodreasonforcancelingthecontract.Otherwise,peoplewouldseektocancelcontractsallthetimewhentheyrealizetheymighthavegottenmoremoneyormadeabetterdealforthegoodstheysoldortheworktheyaredoing.

2.Theonlywayfortwocontractpartieswhospeakdifferentlanguagetomakesuretheyeachunderstandthecontractistohaveaninterpreterpresentwhentheyorallyagree,ortohavethewrittencontracttranslatedfromonelanguagetotheother.

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3.Therearemanysituationswhereonepersoninarelationshipisstrongerandmightundulyinfluencetheweakerperson?sdecisions.Someexamplesare:teacherandstudent;lawyerandclient;doctorandpatient;parentandchild;andyoungpersonandoldperson.

Listening2

1.KingRichardisengagedinabattle.

2.KingRichardsaysitisverydifficulttoengageinabigbattleonfoot.AlsohehasbeenlookingalloverthebattlefieldforRichmondandcan'tfindhim.Heneedsahorsesohecancovermoregroundtofindhisenemy.

3.RichmondisKingRichard?senemy.HewantstofindRichmondsothathecanfighthim.

4.No,thisisnotaseriousoffer.KingRichardexaggeratingtomakeapointabouthowmuchhewantsahorse.

5.KingRichardisexaggeratingtomakethepointthathereallywantsandneedsahorse.

6.Mr.CatesbycouldnotmakeavalidcontractbybringingKingRichardahorse.KingRichard?sofferisnotaseriousone,soitcannotbeacceptedtomakeavalidcontract.

Chapter5

DiscussionPoints(suggestedanswers)

Page72:

1.Maryistheassignor.Jenniferistheassignee.

2.Maryistheassignorandthedelegator.Jenniferistheassigneeandthedelegatee.

Page73:

1.Yes,ifthecontractcompletelyprohibitedassignment,thatwouldbeenforceable.Thepartiescanagreethattheircontractcannotbeassignedatall.

2.Thelandlord?sdemandforincreasedrentwasnotenoughtobeeconomicduress.Economicduressonlyoccurswhenbadlyinneedofgoodsorservicesorsomeotherthing.Here,Mr.Bixlerwantedtosellhisbusiness,butthereisnoevidencethathewasbadlyinneedofselling.Hecouldhavegoneonrunningthebusinessattherenthewaspaying.Sothelandlord?sattempttogreatlyincreasetherentwasjusttoughnegotiating,butnoteconomicduress.However,thecourt?sdecisiondoesseemtohavebeeninfluencedbythelandlord?stoughtactics,becausethecourtsaiditwasnotproperforthelandlordtotrytomakeanewbargainbyproposingtotradeitsconsentforabigrentalincrease.

Page76:

1.Henderson?sdaughteristheintendedbeneficiaryofthecontractbetweenHendersonandGateworthy.ThewholepurposeofHenderson?sagreeingtoserveasinterpreterforGateworthyistobenefithisdaughter–togethertuitionpaid.

2.Someexamplesinclude:alifeinsurancepolicy,inwhichthecontractbetweentheinsurancecompanyandtheinsuredpersonisintendedtobenefittheperson?sfamilyintheeventoftheperson?sdeath;aparentagreestobuyahouseforthebenefitofhisnewlymarriedsonandnew

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daughter-in-law;anemployeragreestohireandpayforalawyertorepresentacompanyexecutivewhohasbeenarrestedfordrunkdriving.

Page78(firstDiscussionPoint):

1.Themainpurposeofthecontractistogetacleanhousebeforethedinnerparty.AlthoughLoydmightprefertohavethehousecleanedseveralhoursinadvanceofthedinnerparty,thepurposeofthecontractisstillachievedifSusanfinishescleaningthehousebeforethedinnerpartyactuallystarts.Sotherewouldnotbeamaterialbreachinthissituation.

2.Thetimingofperformancecanbeimportantinanycontract,butitisprobablymoretypicalinbusinesscontracts.Businesscon