2023年考研考博考博英語陜西師范大學考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案

2023年考研考博考博英語陜西師范大學考試歷年高頻考試題專家版答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題TheSpaceAge_____inOctober1957whenthefirstartificialsatellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.問題1選項A.initiatedB.originatedC.embarkedD.commenced2.單選題Theywere______intheirscientificresearch,notknowingwhathappenedjustoutsidetheirlab.問題1選項A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped3.翻譯題TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.“孩子是上天送給成人的天使；寵物是成人送給孩子的天使?！睂櫸锟梢猿蔀楹⒆雍芎玫幕锇椋核麄兣c孩子玩耍，同時也與孩子進行著感情的交流。孩子可以對他們傾訴自己的心事，因為他們是最好的傾訴者；孩子受到父母的訓斥或別人的嘲笑時，這些默默無聞的聽者可以帶給他們關懷和安慰；孩子生病時，寵物可以陪伴他們，給他們撫慰和鼓勵幫助他們勇于面對困難，自強不息。4.單選題Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.問題1選項A.inadequateB.incapableC.incompatibleD.invalid5.單選題______dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.問題1選項A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However6.單選題Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguistics?2.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?3.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?4.Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconductedbecause______.5.Whichofthefollowingwillserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?問題1選項A.Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearning.B.Thesecondlanguage.C.Theforeignlanguage.D.Secondlanguageacquisition.問題2選項A.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,someforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.B.SLAresearchexaminessecondlanguagelearning,anyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.C.SLAresearchexaminesforeignlanguagelearning.D.SLAresearchexaminesfirstlanguagelearning.問題3選項A.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningshouldnotbetreatedinthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.AdditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavebeentreateddifferentlyinsecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkD.Additionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninghavenotbeentreatedindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework問題4選項A.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframeworkB.theSLAliteratureoftentreatsadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearningindifferentsecondlanguageacquisitionframework.C.learningathirdlanguageisnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.D.learningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage問題5選項A.InsideSLAB.OutsideSLAC.FutureofSLAD.ThethirdlanguageandSLA7.單選題Althoughhehasbecomerich,heisstillvery______ofhismoney.問題1選項A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful8.單選題ThereareseveralpossibleexplanationsforthegreatjobstabilityinSouthKoreathegreatmobilityintheUnitedStates.問題1選項A.contrarytoB.inregardtoC.incontrasttoD.withrespectto9.單選題Humanpopulationgrowthisamenacetononhumanlifeformsonourplanet.問題1選項A.hindranceB.misfortuneC.catastropheD.threat10.單選題ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatherecommendsthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.Isuggestedthatthedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.Suchaprogramwouldnotonlyimproveteachingtheoryandtechnique,itwouldmakeclearwhatcompetenciesarerequiredofagoodteacherandhelpprofessorsattainthem.Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.Competenteducationalresearchisnomoreapart-timeactivitythancompetentscientificresearch.Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.Thereisnoreasontobelievethataneffectivetheoryandtechnologyofinstructionisanyeasiertoachievethancontrollednuclearfusion.Itiscertainlyeverybitasworthy.1.ProfessorKlinebelievesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversities（）.2.Theauthorwantstoimprove（）.3.Theauthorbelievesthatscientificresearch（）.4.Accordingtotheauthoreducationalresearch（）.5.Educationalresearchinmostuniversitiestoday（）.問題1選項A.leadstotheestablishmentofseparateresearchinstitutesB.isharmfultoteachingC.functionswellintheuniversitiesD.isfinanciallyunsound問題2選項A.researchinstitutesB.developmentprogramsC.educationalresearchD.part-timeactivity問題3選項A.isnotnecessarilyeasierthaneducationalresearchB.hasstandardsthateducationalresearchcannotattainC.witheducationalresearchD.mustberelegatedtoapart-timeactivity問題4選項A.isrelativelyeasyB.isquitecomplexC.isoftentrivialD.shouldhavelowerstandards問題5選項A.receivesadequatesupportB.isnolongerapart-tomeactivityC.iseasytoachieveD.needsmorecommitment11.單選題ViolenceinAmericanfamiliestakesmanyforms.Oneprevalentformthatweoftenoverlookisthephysicalpunishmentofchildren.Perhaps93%ofallparentsbeattheirchildreninordertodisciplinethem.Youngchildrenreceivethemostpunishments,butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.Punishmentofchildrenvariesformalighttaptobrutalbeating,buthistoricallywehavegrantedparentstherighttousephysicalforceagainsttheirchildren.Alawpassedin1696,forexample.Calledforthedeathpenaltyof“sufficientunderstanding”overtheageof16whocursedorstruckaparentwhowas“stubbornandrebellious”inrefusingtoobeyaparent.Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouplesconstitutingacross-sectionofAmericanfamilies,sociologistsestimateparentskick,punch,orbitesome1.7millionchildrenayear,beat460,000to750,000more,andattack46,000withgunsorknives.Physicalpunishmentofchildrenthatresultsininjuriesrequiringmedicaltreatmentisnowgenerallyconsideredtobeabusive.Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.AccordingtoDavidGil,“inmostaccidentsofchildabusethecaretakersinvolvedare‘normal’individualsexercisingtheirrightofdiscipliningachildwhosebehaviortheyfoundinneedofcorrection.”Ifoneadultweretostrikeanother,mostpeoplewouldregardsuchbehaviorasabusive.Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence—whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,abusiveparentsarethemselveslikelytohavebeenabusedwhentheywerechildren.Thepatternofabuseisunwittinglytranslatedfromparenttochildandthusfromgenerationtogeneration.1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaccordingtothepassage?2.Theitalicizedword“it”inlineofthesecondparagraphrefersto（）.3.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?4.Thenumberofthechildrenbeingthreatenedbybeatingis（）.5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardphysicalpunishmentbyparents?問題1選項A.PunishmentwasoncejustifiedinAmericanlawB.MostoftheparentshaveusedphysicalpunishmenttodisciplinedisobedientchildreninAmerica.C.HighschoolstudentsrarelyreceivepunishmentfromtheirparentsD.ChildabuseisrootedinAmericanculture.問題2選項A.physicalpunishmentB.theculturalapprovalC.theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishmentD.injuriesrequiringmedicaltreatment問題3選項A.Physicalpunishmentishelpfulforparentstocorrectchildren'sindecentbehaviorB.Parentswhousephysicalpunishmenttodisciplinetheirchildrenshouldbepunishedbythelaw.C.Achildwhoisseverelypunishedwillrevengetheabuseonhisownchildinlaterlife.D.Parentswhopunishchildrenphysicallyactuallysetbadexampleofaggressionfortheirchildren.問題4選項A.atleast2,143peryear.B.atmost750,000peryear.C.over46,000peryearD.about17,000,000peryear問題5選項A.disagreeingB.supportingC.understandingD.severelycritical12.單選題Superconductorsloseelectricalresistanceonly______subjectedtointensecold.問題1選項A.throughB.whenC.asD.by13.單選題Becareful;thispatient’sdiseaseis（）.問題1選項A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious14.單選題Thefirehascausedgreatlosses,butthefactorytriedto______theconsequencesbysayingthatthedamagewasnotasseriousasreported.問題1選項A.decreaseB.subtractC.minimizeD.degrade15.單選題Heisnotaverycrediblelecturer.問題1選項A.well-knownB.religiousC.ordinaryD.believable16.單選題Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.問題1選項A.GreatbreakthroughsB.UnlimitedpurchasingpowerC.Scienceandcompetition.D.Internationalcompetition.問題2選項A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstoworkB.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessingD.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod問題3選項A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocessesB.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccountingC.wasthefatherofmodemcomputersD.triedascientificmanagementapproach問題4選項A.scientificandhumanB.efficientbutslave-drivingC.academicbutpracticableD.brutalbuthighlysuccessful問題5選項A.purchasedasteelmillB.soldasteelmillC.startedtoprotectenvironmentD.leftahugeschooloffollowers.17.單選題Afterlisteningtothetestimony,themembersofthejurydeliveredtheirverdict.問題1選項A.decisionB.sentenceC.prosecutionD.mandate18.單選題OurhospitalhasanaffiliationwiththemedicalschooloftheCityUniversity.問題1選項A.organizationB.administrationC.connectionD.cooperation19.單選題Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthat（）decisionsoftenleadtobitterregrets.問題1選項A.urgentB.hastyC.instantD.prompt20.單選題Teenagelethargyisoftenduetolackofpropernutrients.問題1選項A.sluggishnessB.enthusiasmC.boredomD.energeticness第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】D【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項initiate“開始，發(fā)起”，一般指活動，團體的產(chǎn)生；B選項originate“起源于，來自，產(chǎn)生”；C選項embark“上船，裝船，從事”，后面常接介詞on/upon；D選項commence“開始”，指重大事件及歷史時期的開始。根據(jù)TheSpaceAge（太空時代）和thefirstartificialsatellite（第一顆人造衛(wèi)星）可知是一件重大事件，因此選D。句意：太空時代始于1957年10月，當時蘇聯(lián)發(fā)射了第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。2.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項submerge“淹沒”；B選項drown“淹沒，溺死”；C選項immerse“使浸沒于，(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D選項dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。beimmersedin為固定搭配，表示“專心(埋頭)于……”。句意：他們沉浸在科學研究中，不知道實驗室外發(fā)生了什么。3.【答案】Childrenaretheangelsofadultsgivenbygod;petsaretheangelsofchildrengivenbyadults.Petscanbechildren'sgoodfriends.Theyplaywithchildren,aswellasexchangeemotionalfeelingswiththematthesametime.Childrencantelltheirownworriestopetsfortheyarethebestaudient.Whenchildrenarerebukedbyparentsorlaughedatbyothers,thesesilentlistenerscanbringthemcareandcomfort.Petscankeepchildrencompanywhentheyareill,givingthemcomfortandencouragingthemtofacedifficultiesandconstantlystrivingtobecomestronger.4.【答案】A【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項inadequate“不足夠的，不充分的”；B選項incapable“無能力的，不能的”；C選項incompatible“不相容的”；D選項invalid“無效的”。根據(jù)四個選項及題干的意思可知A選項符合語義。句意：一天五美元的預算完全不足以作一次歐洲之旅。5.【答案】D【解析】考查倒裝結(jié)構。although引導讓步狀語從句時不能倒裝；whatever后面常跟名詞；as引導讓步狀語從句時，結(jié)構為：形容詞/副詞/名詞/動詞+as+主語+謂語；however引導讓步狀語從句時，后面跟形容詞或副詞。句意：不管他有多遲鈍，他無疑是一位非常成功的高管。6.【答案】第1題:D第2題:B第3題:D第4題:D第5題:C【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的Thedistinctionbetweensecondandforeignlanguagelearningcancauseconfusioninthefieldofsecondlanguageacquisition(SLA),whichisthesub-disciplineofappliedlinguisticsthataimstounderstandhowpeoplelearnasecondlanguageandthefactorsthataffecttheirlanguagelearning.（第二語言和外語學習之間的區(qū)別在于第二語言習得領域可能導致困惑，第二語言習得是應用語言學的一個分支學科，旨在了解人們?nèi)绾螌W習第二語言以及影響他們語言學習的因素）可知選D。2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的SLAresearchnotonlyexaminessecondlanguagelearning,butalsoanyforeign,thirdorfourthlanguagelearning.（第二語習得研究不僅研究第二語言學習，而且也研究任何外語、第三或第四語言學習）可知選B。3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的Duetothecomplexityoflanguagelearning,weseethattheSLAliteratureoftentreatadditionallanguageandforeignlanguagelearninginthesamesecondlanguageacquisitionframework.（由于語言學習的復雜性，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)第二語習得著作通常把在同樣的第二語言習得框架里討論第二語言和外語學習）可知D選項“第二語言和外語學習一直沒有在不同的的第二語言習得框架里討論”符合題意。4.細節(jié)事實題。由文章中的Ofcourse,weknowthatlearningathirdlanguageisnotnecessarilythesameaslearningasecondlanguage.（當然，我們知道學習第三語言并不一定等同于學習第二語言）可知D選項“學習第三語言不一定等于學習第二語言”符合題意。5.主旨大意題。文章主要介紹了第二語言習得（SLA）研究的內(nèi)容與目的，根據(jù)文章最后一句Amoresolidtheoreticalframeworkforthirdorfourthlanguageacquisitionwilleventuallyemergeasmoreresearchisconducted.（隨著研究的深入，第三語言或第四語言習得的理論框架將逐漸形成）可知C選項“第二語言習得的未來”符合題意。7.【答案】C【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項economic“經(jīng)濟的，有關經(jīng)濟的”；B選項thrifty“節(jié)儉的”，常用于bethriftywithsth.；C選項frugal“節(jié)省的，節(jié)儉的”，可用于befrugalwith/ofsth.；D選項careful“小心地，仔細地”，becarefulwith/ofsth.表示“當心，注意”。根據(jù)Althoughhehasbecomerich與of可知選C。句意：雖然他變得富有了，但他仍然很節(jié)儉。8.【答案】C【解析】短語搭配題。A選項contraryto與…相反，違反；B選項inregardto關于；C選項incontrastto與……形成對比；D選項withrespectto關于，至于。句意：與美國巨大的流動性相比，朝鮮在好工作上的穩(wěn)定性有幾種可能的解釋。根據(jù)句意和搭配，正確答案為C項。9.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項hindrancen.障礙，妨礙；Bmisfortunen.不幸，災禍，災難；C選項catastrophen.大災難，災禍；D選項threaten.威脅，恐嚇。句意：人口的增長是對地球上非人類生物生存的威脅。根據(jù)句意可知D項正確。10.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:B第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段ProfessorKlineconcludesthatcompetitionwithresearchintheuniversitiesissodetrimentaltoteachingthatthetwofunctionsbephysicallyandfinanciallyseparatedbysettingupresearchinstitutes.，可知，ProfessorKline認為研究成果的競爭會對教育產(chǎn)生負面的影響，從而降低教學質(zhì)量，即對教學有不利影響。因此，B項為正確答案。2.細節(jié)事實題。由原文…thedevelopmentofasoundprogramofeducationalresearchwouldbemuchmorebeneficialtoteaching.以及Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch…可知，作者認為必須提高educationalresearch的地位，要把educationalresearch和scientificresearch放在同等重要的位置共謀發(fā)展。A選項researchinstitutes一直就是學校比較重視的方面；B選項并未在文中單獨說明；D選項也不是側(cè)重點。因此，C項符合原文，為正確答案。3.觀點態(tài)度題。由原文Educationalresearchshouldberequiredtomeetthesamestandardsasscientificresearch,butitcannotberaisedtothosestandardswithoutcomparablesupportandcommitment.可知，作者認為教育研究應該與科學研究有一樣的標準，但是如果沒有同等的投入和支持，無法實現(xiàn)這些標準。因此，B項認為“科學研究的有些標準，教育研究無法實現(xiàn)”是正確答案。故本題選擇B項。4.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文Letnoonethinkthateducationalresearchiseasy:itisconcernedwithnolessthanunravelingthecomplexitiesofthehumanmind.可知，作者認為教育研究并不簡單，難度不亞于解開人類思維的復雜性。故本題正確答案為B項。5.細節(jié)事實題。通過原文Therelativelytrivialeducationalresearchsocommonintheuniversitiesisaninevitableconsequenceoftrivialcommitmentbytheuniversities.Ratherthanbelittlesuchresearch,theprofessorshaveanobligationtoseethatitisupgraded.可知，如今在大學中，教育研究需要更多的承諾，教授們有責任促進教學科研水平的提高，而不是減少這類研究。因此，D項是正確答案。11.【答案】第1題:C第2題:C第3題:D第4題:C第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段“...butstudiesrevealthatabout50%ofhighschoolseniorsreportexperiencingorbeingthreatenedwithphysicalpunishment.”可知，研究表明，大約50%的高中生聲稱遭受體罰或者受到體罰的威脅。因此，C項“髙中生很少遭受父母的體罰”表述錯誤，其它選項都可在原文中找到出處。故本題答案為C項。2.詞匯題。將it定位到原文第二段Mostpeopledonotrealize,however,thatitistheregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment,andtheculturalapprovalitenjoys,thatlaysthegroundworkforchildabuse.中分析可知，然而大部分人沒有意識到，正是因為“普通”體罰的經(jīng)常使用以及它所享有的文化認可，才會為虐待孩子打下基礎。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構可知，it指代的是theregularuseof“ordinary”physicalpunishment。因此，正確答案是C項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Mostparentsusephysicalpunishmentinthebeliefthatitwillcontroltheaggressionintheirchildrenandmakethemobedient.Infact,violence----whetherverbalorphysical—setschildrenapoorexample.Anadultwhoyellsatorslapsachildunwittinglysupplythechildwithamodelforaggression.Studieshavefoundthatthefrequentuseofphysicalpunishmentforaggressiveactsbyachildresultsinamarkedincreaseinthechild’saggression.”可知，大多數(shù)父母采取體罰，是認為體罰會控制孩子的攻擊行為并使孩子聽話，但事實上，無論是言語還是肢體暴力，都會給孩子建立不好的榜樣。那些大喊大叫或者打孩子的成年人會不自覺地為孩子提供侵略性（攻擊性）的模板。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)常因為孩子的攻擊性行為而體罰孩子，反而會激化孩子的攻擊行為。因此可判斷A項錯誤，D項正確。原文中并未體現(xiàn)B項“應該受到法律懲罰”這一觀點；也未說明受過虐待的父母會在晚年會報復虐待自己的孩子，他們只是會不自覺地影響到下一代的教育方式，故排除C。因此，本題正確答案為D項。4.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第—段“Frominterviewswith2134marriedcouples...beat460,000to750,000more,...”可知，受到毆打威脅的孩子數(shù)量是在460,000到750,000以上。因此，B項“至多每年750,000”與原文不符，正確答案應為C項“每年超過46,000”。5.觀點態(tài)度題。本文主要講述了父母體罰孩子的普遍性。如今體罰已被視為虐待。體罰不僅給孩子樹立了壞榜樣，而且會加劇孩子的攻擊性。在兒童時期被體罰虐待的父母在教育下一代時也很可能會虐待孩子。由此可知，整篇文章對于體罰持否定態(tài)度，排除B和C。而從文章整體來看，作者對于體罰的態(tài)度不僅是不認同更具有批判性。因此，D項“嚴厲地批判”更為符合作者的態(tài)度。12.【答案】B【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。在表示時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步等從句中，當從句中的主語和主句的主語相同，謂語含有動詞be時，從句中的主語和謂語可以省略。從句可以還原為whensuperconductorsaresubjectedtointensecold，因此選D。句意：超導體只有在嚴寒下才會失去電阻。13.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項為“意氣相投的；一致的”；B選項為“易相處的；可理解的”；C選項為“義務的；必須的；強制性的”；D選項為“傳染性的；會蔓延的”。根據(jù)所修飾名詞disease疾病可知，D項為正確答案。14.【答案】C【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項decrease“減少，減小”，強調(diào)事物逐漸減少的過程，主要是指數(shù)量、質(zhì)量等方面的減少；B選項subtract“減去”；C選項minimize“最小化，將……減到最小”；D選項degrade“降低（地位），貶低”。句意：這場火災造成了巨大損失，但工廠表示損失沒有報道的嚴重，試圖將后果降到最低。15.【答案】D【解析】考查形容詞辨析。credible表示“可靠的；可信的”；A選項為“著名的；眾所周知的”；B選項為“宗教的，嚴謹?shù)摹?；C選項為“普通的；一般的”；D選項為“可信的”。根據(jù)句意可知，他不是一個可信的演講者。因此，D項為正確答案。16.【答案】第1題:C第2題:A第3題:D第4題:A第5題:D【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科學和競爭為工業(yè)效率的提高提供了方法和必要性?！倍恼碌谝欢沃饕v的是科學給工業(yè)帶來的突破以及競爭的必要性。綜合考慮以上內(nèi)容，要提高生產(chǎn)效率，那么科學和競爭是必需的。因此C項符合題意。2.細節(jié)事實題。通過文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的卻是他將科學方法應用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中應用科學的管理方法而聞名于世。因此，正確答案是A項。3.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英國科學家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功運用了科學的管理方法，被認為是成本核算之父。因此，正確答案是D項。4.推理判斷題。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒強調(diào)的是人性化的方法，而非當時常見的奴隸式的方法。動詞短語emphasizeAoverB表示“與B相比更強調(diào)A”。因此，泰勒強調(diào)管理方法的科學性和人性化。本題正確答案為A項。5.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追隨者則繼續(xù)在世界各地推廣他的方法。因此，D項是正確答案。17.【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項decisionn.決心，決定；B選項sentencen.句子，命題，宣判；C選項prosecutionn.起訴，檢舉；D選項mandaten.授權，命令。根據(jù)句意陪審團的成員們在聽取證詞后宣布了判決，因此B項符合題意。18.【答案】D【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項organizationn.組織，團體，機構；B選項administrationn.管理，行政機構；C選項connectionn.連接，關系，人脈；D選項cooperationn.合作，協(xié)作。句意：我們醫(yī)院和城市大學醫(yī)學院有良好的合作關系。因此，D項為正確答案。19.【答案】B【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項urgentadj.緊急的，急迫的；B選項hastyadj.輕率的，草率的，匆忙的；C選項instantadj.立即的，緊迫的；D選項promptadj.敏捷的，迅速的。句意：我們必須謹記倉促的決定常常會導致痛苦的悔恨。因此本題選擇B項。20.【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。題目中l(wèi)ethargy表示“無精打采；昏睡；嗜眠癥”。A選項為“蕭條；惰性；無精打采”；B選項為“熱情；熱心”；C選項為“無聊；厭倦”；D選項為“積極；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因為缺乏適當?shù)臓I養(yǎng)。因此，A項符合題意。第2卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Hehasbroughtforwardconclusiveevidence,whichforfurtherdispute.問題1選項A.makesroomB.leavesnoroomC.sparesnoeffortsD.takesnopains2.單選題Johnsaidthathedidn’tquite______andaskedmetorepeatwhatIhadsaid.問題1選項A.snatchupB.summonupC.catchonD.watchout3.單選題Doctorsusuallytrytothegravityofillnessifapatientisfoundtohavecancer.問題1選項A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize4.單選題Ican’tgo—foronething,Ihavenomoney,and______,Ihavetoomuchwork.問題1選項A.what’smoreB.aswellC.foranotherD.inaddition5.單選題Judiciouspraiseis（）thesunistoflowers.問題1選項A.likechildrentoB.aschildrenasC.tochildrenwhatD.thatchildrenwith6.單選題Theofwomantomanatouruniversityisaboutfivetofour.問題1選項A.rateB.proportionC.portionD.percentage7.單選題Iwouldn’t______tointerfere.Instead,Iletmystudentsmaketheirowndecision問題1選項A.resumeB.presumeC.assumeD.consume8.單選題Surprisingly,nooneknowshowmanychildrenreceiveeducationinEnglishhospitals,stilllessthecontentorqualityofthateducation.Properrecordsarejustnotkept.Weknowthatmorethan850,000childrengothroughhospitaleachyear,andthateverychildofschoolagehasalegalrighttocontinuetoreceiveeducationwhileinhospital.Wealsoknowthereisonlyonehospitalteachertoevery1,000childreninhospital.Littlewonderthelatestsurveyconcludesthattheextentandtypeofhospitalteachingavailabledifferagreatdealacrossthecountry.ItisfoundthathalfthehospitalsinEngland,whichadmitchildrenhavenoteacher.Afurtherquarterhasonlyapart-timeteacher.Thespecialchildren’shospitalsinmajorcitiesdobestgeneralhospitalsinthecountryandholidayareasareworstoff.Fromthissurvey,onecanestimatethatfewerthanoneinfivechildrenhavesomecontactwithahospitalteacher—andthatcontactmaybeaslittleastwohoursaday.Mostchildreninterviewedweresurprisedtofindateacherinhospitalatall.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforitbyparentsoftheirownschool.Iftherewasateacher,theyweremuchmorelikelytoreadbooksanddomathornumberwork,withoutateachertheywouldonlyplaygames.Reasonsforhospitalteachingrangefrompreventingachildfallingbehindandmaintainingthehabitofschooltokeepingachildoccupied,andthelatterisoftenalltheteachercando.Thepositionandinfluenceofmanyteacherswassummedupwhenpatentsofferedtothemas“thelibrarylady”orjust“thehelper”.Childrentendtorelyonconcernedschoolfriendstokeepintouchwithschoolwork.Severalparentsspokeofrequestsforworkbeingignoredorrefusedbytheschool.Oncebackatschoolchildrenrarelygetextrateaching,andaretoldtocatchupasbesttheycan.Manyshort-staychild-patientscatchupquickly.Butschoolsdoverylittletoeasetheanxietyaboutfallingbehindexpressedbymanyofthechildreninterviewed.1.Theauthorpointsoutatthebeginningthat______.2.Itcanbeinferredfromthelatestsurveythat______.3.Childreninhospitalusuallyturnto______inordertocatchupwiththeirschoolwork.4.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthoris______.問題1選項A.everychildinhospitalreceivessometeachingB.notenoughisknownabouthospitalteachingC.hospitalteachingisofpoorqualityD.thespecialchildren’shospitalsareworstoff問題2選項A.hospitalteachingacrossthecountryissimilarB.eachhospitalhasatleastoneparttimeteacherC.allhospitalsurveyedoffereducationtochildrenD.onlyone-fourthofthehospitalshavefull-timeteachers問題3選項A.hospitalteachersB.schoolmatesC.parentsD.schoolteachers問題4選項A.unfavorabletowardschildrenreceivingeducationinhospitalsB.infavorofthepresentstateofteachinginhospitalsC.unsatisfiedwiththepresentstateofhospitalteachingD.satisfiedwiththeresultsofthelatestsurvey9.單選題Thecustomsinspectorwas______forsmugglers.問題1選項A.ontheguardB.onthewatchC.onwatchD.onalert10.單選題Evenasagirl,______tobeherlife,andtheateraudiencesweretobeherbestteachers.問題1選項A.performingbyMelissawereB.itwasknownthatMelissa’sperformanceswereC.knowingthatMelissa’sperformanceswereD.Melissaknewthatperformingwas11.單選題Americansarepeopleobsessedwithchild-rearing.Intheirbooks,magazines,talkshows,parenttrainingcourses,WhiteHouseconferences,andchatsoverthebackfence,theyendlesslydebatethebestwaystoraisechildren.Moreover,Americ