簡(jiǎn)述睡眠癲癇的癥狀表現(xiàn)及特征

Briefsleepsymptomsandcharacteristicsofepilepsy（簡(jiǎn)述睡眠癲癇的癥狀表現(xiàn)及特征）Withthepopularizationofhealthknowledge,peoplehaveacertainunderstandingofepilepsy.Mentionsleepepilepsyorsomeconfused,epilepsyshouldnotattackintheawakeWhat?Whyistheresleepepilepsydo?隨著健康知識(shí)的普及，人們對(duì)癲癇癥有了一定的了解。但提及睡眠癲癇，人們還是有些糊涂，癲癇不應(yīng)該是在清醒的時(shí)候發(fā)作么？為什么會(huì)有睡眠癲癇呢？Sleepepilepsynamesuggests,epilepticseizuresduringsleep.Sleepistheclinicalonsetofepilepsyandabnormaldischargeactivationfactors.Clinicalseizurescanoccurduringsleep.Thestudyshowedthatabout25%to30%oftheseizuresoccurredmainlyinthesleepperiod,typeofepilepsyisgenerallyreferredtoassleepepilepsy.睡眠癲癇故名思意，睡眠過(guò)程中發(fā)作的癲癇。睡眠是癲癇臨床發(fā)作和異常放電的重要激活因素。臨床上任何癲癇發(fā)作均可發(fā)生于睡眠中。研究表明，大約25%?30%的癲癇發(fā)作主要出現(xiàn)于睡眠期，這類癲癇被普遍稱為睡眠癲癇。Thesymptomsandcharacteristicsofsleepepilepsy睡眠癲癇的癥狀及特征Thegeneralsymptomsofseizures,associatedwithlackofenergyorabnormalbehavior.Thecommonsleepepilepsysymptomsincludesuddenlyopeneyesinsleep,wakeup,orpanicperformance,andmorewithdystoniaorothermovementdisorders,asmallnumberofcasesofsleep-relatedaggressivebehavior.一般癥狀表現(xiàn)為發(fā)作性，伴發(fā)精神不振或行為異常等。常見(jiàn)的眠型癲癇癥候包括睡眠中突然睜眼、喚醒，或有驚恐表現(xiàn)，多伴肌張力不全或其他運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙，少數(shù)病例出現(xiàn)睡眠相關(guān)性攻擊性行為。Sleep-relatedepilepsyandsleepdisordernarcolepsydisease,nightterrors,nightmares,OSAShasalotincommon:theyalloccurredinthesleepperiod,performanceismostlyepisodic,maybeassociatedwithlackofenergyorabnormalbehavior.However,theprincipleoftreatmentisdifferentprognosisarequitedifferent.Oncethediagnosisofsleep-relatedepilepsy,whichnormallytakesregularantiepileptictherapy,orrecurrentepisodesmayaffectneuropsychiatricfunction.Andothersleepdisorderssuchasnightterrors,nightmares,generalNeedlesstospecialtreatment,mostlyself-limitingcharacteristics.Somesleepdisorders,suchasnarcolepsydiseasewithOSAS(obstructivesleepapneasyndrome),areneededtogiveadrugordeviceinterventions,theprognosisismostlygood.Therefore,theunderstandingofthesleep-relatedepilepsyisthedifferentialdiagnosiswithothercommonsleepdisorders,inordertoavoidthewrongtreatment.睡眠相關(guān)性癲癇和發(fā)作性睡病、夜驚、夢(mèng)魘、OSAS等睡眠障礙具有諸多共同點(diǎn)：它們均發(fā)生于睡眠期，表現(xiàn)也多為發(fā)作性，可伴發(fā)精神不振或行為異常等。但治療原則迥異，預(yù)后也有很大差異。睡眠相關(guān)性癲癇一旦確診，一般需進(jìn)行正規(guī)抗癲癇治療，否則反復(fù)發(fā)作有可能影響神經(jīng)精神功能。而其他睡眠障礙，如夜驚、夢(mèng)魘等，則一般勿需特殊治療，大多具有自限性特征。有些睡眠障礙如發(fā)作性睡病、OSAS(阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停綜合征)，雖需要給予藥物或器械干預(yù)，預(yù)后也大多良好。因此對(duì)睡眠相關(guān)癲癇的認(rèn)識(shí)主要在于與其他常見(jiàn)睡眠障礙的鑒別診斷，以避免錯(cuò)誤的治療。Publishedin1989bytheInternationalLeagueAgainstEpilepsyclassificationofepilepsyandepilepticsyndromes,someepilepsysyndromeoralloftheepisodesinthesleepperiod.Forexample,childrenwithbenignepilepsywithcentrotemporalspikes(BECT)wakinggeneralizedtonic-clonicseizures,epilepsywithcontinuousspikewaveofslow-wavesleep(CSWS).Inrecentyears,studieshaveshownthatfrontallobeepilepsyaremoreepisodesduringsleep,theThetypicalexamplesusualautosomaldominantnocturnalfrontallobeepilepsy(ADNFLE),theonsetofalmostalloccurredinthenighttimesleep.Somespecialtheepileptiformdischargesstylealsomorecommoninsleep,suchassleepepilepsypowertograntcontinuedstate(ESES).TheESESvisibleonmultipleepilepsysyndrome,suchasepilepsywithcontinuousspikewaveofslow-wavesleep,BECT(centraltemporalspikespediatricbenignepilepsy),Landau-Kleffnersyndrome(acquiredepilepticaphasia).國(guó)際抗癲癇聯(lián)盟1989年發(fā)表的癲癇和癲癇綜合征分類中，有些癲癇綜合征主要或全部發(fā)作于睡眠期。例如，兒童良性癲癇伴中央顳區(qū)棘波(BECT)、覺(jué)醒期全身性強(qiáng)直陣攣癲癇、癲癇伴慢波睡眠期持續(xù)棘波(CSWS)等。近年研究證明，額葉癲癇也更多地在睡眠期發(fā)作，典型的例子如常染色體顯性夜間額葉癲癇(ADNFLE)，其發(fā)作幾乎均發(fā)生于夜間睡眠中。某些特殊的癇樣放電式樣也多見(jiàn)于睡眠期，例如睡眠期癲癇電發(fā)放持續(xù)狀態(tài)（ESES）。ESES可見(jiàn)于多個(gè)癲癇綜合征，例如癲癇伴慢波睡眠期持續(xù)棘波、BECT（中央顳區(qū)棘波的小兒良性癲癇）、Landau-Kleffner綜合征（獲得性癲癇性失語(yǔ)）等。Repeatedepisodesofepilepsygreatnerve,braindysfunction,sleepepilepsyduetotheonsetofsleep,easilymisunderstoodorignored,andthereforeshouldattractattention.Suchasfoundtheabnormalperform