12向文勝-天然源農(nóng)藥的創(chuàng)制

向文勝2021年4月，武漢第十二屆生物農(nóng)藥會議天然源農(nóng)藥的創(chuàng)制介紹我國在植物源殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、除草劑、殺鼠劑、殺螺劑、殺線蟲劑及植物生長調(diào)節(jié)劑方面的研究進(jìn)展及成果。報(bào)告內(nèi)容戰(zhàn)略意義發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢我國天然源農(nóng)藥研究與應(yīng)用一、戰(zhàn)略意義washington推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展。實(shí)施國家黑土地保護(hù)工程，推廣保護(hù)性耕作模式。健全耕地休耕輪作制度。持續(xù)推進(jìn)化肥農(nóng)藥減量增效，推廣農(nóng)作物病蟲害綠色防控產(chǎn)品和技術(shù)。支持國家農(nóng)業(yè)綠色發(fā)展先行區(qū)建設(shè)。加強(qiáng)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和食品安全監(jiān)管，發(fā)展綠色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品、有機(jī)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品和地理標(biāo)志農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。2021年中央一號文件：一、戰(zhàn)略意義AA級和A級綠色食品生產(chǎn)均允許使用的農(nóng)藥清單（農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部第319號公告，自2020年11月1日起正式實(shí)施）類別物資名稱備注I.植物和動物來源楝素（苦楝、印楝等提取物，如印楝素等）殺蟲天然除蟲菊素（除蟲菊科植物提取液）殺蟲苦參堿及氧化苦參堿（苦參等提取物）殺蟲蛇床子素（蛇床子提取物）殺蟲、殺菌小檗堿（黃連、黃柏等提取物）殺菌大黃素甲醚（大黃、虎杖等提取物）殺菌乙蒜素（大蒜提取物）殺菌苦皮藤素（苦皮藤提取物）殺蟲藜蘆堿（百合科藜蘆屬和噴嚏草屬植物提取物）殺蟲

桉油精（桉樹葉提取物）殺蟲植物油（如薄荷油、松樹油、香菜油、八角茴香油等）殺蟲、殺螨、殺真菌、抑制發(fā)芽一、戰(zhàn)略意義（農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部第319號公告，自2020年11月1日起正式實(shí)施）類別物資名稱備注I.植物和動物來源寡聚糖（甲殼素）殺菌、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)天然誘集和殺線蟲劑（如萬壽菊、孔雀草、芥子油等）殺線蟲

具有誘殺作用的植物（如香根草等）殺蟲植物醋（如食醋、木醋和竹醋等）殺菌菇類蛋白多糖（菇類提取物）殺菌水解蛋白質(zhì)引誘蜂蠟保護(hù)嫁接和修剪傷口明膠殺蟲具有驅(qū)避作用的植物提取物（大蒜、薄荷、辣椒、花椒、薰衣草、柴胡、艾草、辣根等的提取物）驅(qū)避

害蟲天敵（如寄生蜂、瓢蟲、草蛉、捕食螨等）控制蟲害AA級和A級綠色食品生產(chǎn)均允許使用的農(nóng)藥清單一、戰(zhàn)略意義AA級和A級綠色食品生產(chǎn)均允許使用的農(nóng)藥清單（農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部第319號公告，自2020年11月1日起正式實(shí)施）類別物資名稱備注Ⅱ.微生物來源

真菌及真菌提取物（白僵菌、輪枝菌、木霉菌、耳霉菌、淡紫擬青霉、金龜子綠僵菌、寡雄腐霉菌等）殺蟲、殺菌、殺線蟲細(xì)菌及細(xì)菌提取物（芽孢桿菌類、熒光假單胞桿菌、短穩(wěn)桿菌等）殺蟲、殺菌病毒及病毒提取物（核型多角體病毒、質(zhì)型多角體病毒、顆粒體病毒等）殺蟲

多殺霉素、乙基多殺菌素殺蟲春雷霉素、多抗霉素、井岡霉素、嘧啶核苷類抗菌素、寧南霉素、申嗪霉素、中生菌素殺菌

S-誘抗素植物生長調(diào)節(jié)一、戰(zhàn)略意義AA級和A級綠色食品生產(chǎn)均允許使用的農(nóng)藥清單（農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部第319號公告，自2020年11月1日起正式實(shí)施）類別物資名稱備注Ⅲ.生物化學(xué)產(chǎn)物氨基寡糖素、低聚糖素、香菇多糖殺菌、植物誘抗幾丁聚糖

殺菌、植物誘抗、植物生長調(diào)節(jié)芐氨基嘌呤、超敏蛋白、赤霉酸、烯腺嘌呤、羥烯腺嘌呤、三十烷醇、乙烯利、吲哚丁酸、吲哚乙酸、蕓薹素內(nèi)酯植物生長調(diào)節(jié)Ⅴ.其他昆蟲性信息素引誘或干擾乙烯催熟等一、戰(zhàn)略意義Organicfoodsalesgrowthfrom2013to2017DatafromtheOrganicTradeAssociation(2018),/resources/market-analysis.20132014201520162017Organicfood(US$billions)3137835099390064250745209Organic(yearonyeargrowth%)12.20%11.90%11.10%9.00%6.40%Totalfood(US$billions)760486787,575807,998812,907822,160Totalfood(yearonyeargrowth%)2.70%3.60%2.60%0.60%1.10%Organic(%oftotal)4.10%4.50%4.80%5.20%5.50%一、戰(zhàn)略意義

天然源農(nóng)藥研發(fā)----農(nóng)藥創(chuàng)制的源泉嘧菌酯甲氧基丙烯酸酯一、戰(zhàn)略意義天然產(chǎn)物合成農(nóng)藥除蟲菊素I丙烯菊酯氰戊菊酯氯氰菊酯溴氰菊酯……煙堿吡蟲啉吡蟲清……大蒜素抗菌劑402從天然產(chǎn)物到新農(nóng)藥開發(fā)天然產(chǎn)物合成農(nóng)藥桉樹腦惡庚草烷二惡吡咯霉素吡咯胺（AC303630）Strobilurin嘧菌酯甲氧丙烯酸酯類…Ibotenicacid惡霉靈雙丙氨膦草胺膦一、戰(zhàn)略意義魚尼丁氟蟲酰胺基于天然產(chǎn)物到分子靶標(biāo)到新農(nóng)藥創(chuàng)制溴氰蟲酰胺

氯蟲苯甲酰胺一、戰(zhàn)略意義二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢

美國環(huán)保署是生物農(nóng)藥監(jiān)管的世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，開創(chuàng)了全球生物農(nóng)藥登記簡化的先河。過去20年里，美國市場上推出的生物農(nóng)藥包括生物殺蟲劑、生物刺激素、SAR誘導(dǎo)素、交配干擾素、激素、根系共生真菌、有益根際細(xì)菌和放線菌等。

美國生物農(nóng)藥銷售額占據(jù)全球生物農(nóng)藥銷售總額的1/3，其中微生物生物農(nóng)藥占美國整體生物農(nóng)藥市場總額的67%。

1997-2010年新活性成分按傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)藥登記比例1997-2010年新活性成分傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)藥和生物農(nóng)藥登記比例二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢

2019年底，美國環(huán)保署已批準(zhǔn)約1401種生物農(nóng)藥產(chǎn)品登記，共涉及有效成分近400種，生物化學(xué)農(nóng)藥占57.5%，微生物農(nóng)藥占36.0%，其它占6.5%。2015-2018年美國新登記微生物農(nóng)藥成分二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢

2015-2018年美國新登記微生物農(nóng)藥成分二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢

2015-2018年美國新登記微生物農(nóng)藥成分Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoAgBiomeTheUniversityofTexas,FidelityManagement@ResearchCompany,PolarisPartners,ARCHVenturePartners,InnotechAdvisers,PontifaxGlobalFoodandAgricultureTechnologyFundandMonsantoGrowthVentures652017MicrobialsforpestmanagementBioconsortiaOtterCapitalandKhoslaVentures102018Consortiaofmicrobesasbiostimulants二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoBoostBiomesNimbleVentures,VikingGlobalInvestors,Tencent2.052018NovelmicrobialbiopesticidediscoveryplatformConcentricAg(formerlyInocucor)CycleCapitalManagement,DesjardinsInnovatechTPGARTandPontifaxAgTech15.92018ConsortiaofmicrobesasbiostimulantsIndigoBioAgBaillieGifford,InvestmentCorporationofDubai,theAlaskaPermanentFundandFlagshipPioneering2502018Value-enhancedgrain,seedandcottonwithmicrobialinoculants二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoMarroneBioInnovationsOspraie,Waddell&Reed,Ardsley,Exponential&Public402018BiologicalsforpestmanagementandplanthealthNewLeafSymbioticsS2GVentures,MonsantoGrowthVentures,OtterCapital,TheYardVentures,Lewis&ClarkVentures,RockportCapital,PangaeaVentures,OpenPrairieVentures302017Pink-pigmentedbacteriatoenhancecropgrowthPivotBioBreakthroughEnergyVentures,Temasek702018Modifiedmicrobesfornitrogenfixationincorn二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Financingofagriculturebiologicalcompaniesin2017@2018CompanyInvestorsSizeofround(US$million)YearWhattheydoSemiosSustainableDevelopmentTechnologyCanada9.92018DigitalagtoolsandpheromonebiopesticidesSound(formerlyAsilomarBio)SyngentaVenturesCavalloVentures,FallLineCapitalandCultivianSandbox122017Strigalactone-relatedbiostimulantsTerrameraSustainableDevelopmentTechnologyCanada2.52018Formulationtechnologytoimprovebiopesticides二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyEcoFlora2019NotdisclosedGowanPlantextractsforcropprotectionTyratech2018NotdisclosedAmericanVanguardEssentialoilsforcropprotectionGinkgoBioworks2018100BayerCropSciencesSyntheticbiologytocreatemicrobesthatcanenhancenutrientuptakeRizobacter2016(50.01%)NotdisclosedBioCeresMicrobialinoculantsforsoybeanandothersNovozymes2014300MonsantoBiologicalsjointventurewithBio-AgAlliance二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyChr.Hansen2013NotdisclosedFMCMicrobialscreeningjointventureNovozymes2013NotdisclosedTJTechnologiesBacillus-basedplanthealthproductsCenterforAgricultur.@Environm.Biosolutions2013NotdisclosedFMCMicrobialendophytediscoveryProphyta201335BayerFungi-basedbiopesticidesDevgen2012523SyngentaRNAi,ricegermplasm二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009CompanyYearacquired/JointVenturePrice(US$millions)AcquirerorpartnerTechnologyAgraQuest2012425+75earnoutBayerBiofungicides,bioinsecticidesPasteuria2012123SyngentaBionematicideBeckerUnderwood20121000BASSeedtreatments,biopesticidesDivergence2011NotdisclosedMonsantoRNAi,chemicalnematicideEMD2011275NovozymesMicrobialinoculantsAgroGreen2009NotdisclosedBayerBacillusfirmusbionematicide二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Acquisitionsandjointventuresofbiologicalcompaniesbylargercompaniesandagrichemicalcompaniessince2009二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢CommercialmicrobialbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerBacillusthuringiensisspp.AizawaiMicrobial,bacteriaDiamondbackmoth,armywormXenTari?,Agree?ValentBio.,CertisUSABacillusthuringiensisspp.KurstakiMicrobial,bacteriaAbroadrangeofcaterpillarsDipel?,Deliver?,Foray?,Biobit?,Javelin?ValentBio.,CertisUSAChromobacteriumsubtsugaeMicrobial,non-livingbacteriaBroadrangeofsucking@chewinginsects,mites@fliesGrandevo?MarroneBioInnovations二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢CommercialmicrobialbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerBurkholderiarinojensisMicrobial,deadbacteriaBroadrangeofsucking@chewinginsects,mites@fliesVenerate?MarroneBioInnovationsMetarhiziumanisopliaeMicrobial,fungusThrips,mites,whitefliesMet52?,GreenGuard?,GreenMuscle?Novozymes,BASFBeauveriabassianaMicrobial,fungusSuckinginsectsBotanigard,severalothersBioworks,othersApopka97strainofIsariafumosoroseaMicrobial,fungusAbroadrangeofsuckinginsects,mites@blackvineweevilPFR97?CertisUSA二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢CommercialbiochemicalbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerNeemoilBiochemical,soaps/fattyacidsAbroadrangeofsuckinginsects,alsofungiTrilogy?CertisUSAAzadiractinPlantextractAbroadrangeofsuckingandchewinginsectsAza-direct?(andothers)Gowan(andothers)Capsicumoleoresinextract;garlic,soybeanoilPlantextract,oilsMitesandarangeofsoft-bodiedinsectsCaptiva?@Captiva?PrimeGowanCitrusoilsolutionPlantextractAbroadrangeofsuckinginsectsOroboost?OroAgri二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢CommercialbiochemicalbioinsecticidesActiveTypePestscontrolledProductexamplesManufacturerCropoilsParaffinicoilSuckinginsectsStyletOil?,SupremeOil,othersManyChenopodiumambrosioidesPlant-derivedterpenesSuckinginsectsandmitesRequiem?(notorganic)BayerCropScienceCyclotidesButterflypeaextractNezara,mirids,Helicoverpa,whitefliesSero-X?InnovateAgSpidervenompeptidesEngineeredintoyeastcells,killedLepidoptera,somesuckinginsectsSpear?Vestaron二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Commercialnon-BacillusmicrobialbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerTrichodermaharzianumT-22Microbial,fungiRootShield?WP,PlantShield?HCBioworksTrichodermaasperellum@TrichodermagamsiiMicrobial,fungiBIO-TAM2.0?IsagroGliocladiumvirensMicrobial,fungiSoilGard?CertisUSAConiothyriumminitansMicrobial,fungusContans?WGBayerPseudomonaschlororaphisstrainAFS009Microbial,bacteriaHowler?AgBiomeStreptomyceslydicusMicrobial,actinomyceteActinovate?,ActinoGrow?Novozymes(Valent)二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Bacillus-basedbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerBacillusamyloliquefaciensMBI600Microbial,bacteriaSerifel?BASFBacillussubtilisvar.amyloliquefaciensFZB24Microbial,bacteriaTaegro?2WPNovozymes,distributedbyIsagroUSABacillussubtilisIAB/BS03Microbial,bacteriaPrevont?Seipasa,distributedbySymagroBacillussubtilis(renamedamyloliquefaciens)713Microbial,bacteriaSerenade?,Cease?BayerBacillusamyloliquefaciensD747(similarinlipopeptidestoSerenade)Microbial,bacteriaDoubleNickel55?CertisUSA二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢Bacillus-basedbiofungicidesActiveTypeexamplesManufacturerBacillussubtilusGB03Microbial,bacteriaCompanion?GrowthProductsBacillusamyloliquefaciensENV503(geneticallyidenticaltoB.subtilisGB03)Microbial,bacteriaENV503EnveraBacillusamyloliquefaciens(nakamurai)F727Microbial,bacteriaStargus?,Amplitude?MarroneBioInnovationsBacillusmycoidesisolateJMicrobial,bacteriaLifeGard?WGCertisUSABacilluspumilus2808Microbial,bacteriaSonata?Bayer(WilburEllis)二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢CommercialmicrobialbionematicidesActiveTypeProductManufacturerPurpureocilliumlilacinusMicrobial,fungiMeloCon?BayerCropSciencePochoniachlamydosporiaMicrobial,fungiKlamiC?andothersSeveral,ex-USAMyrotheciumverrucariaMicrobial,fungiDiTera??ValentBioSciencesBurkholderiarinojensisMicrobial,killedbacteriaMajestene??MarroneBioInnovationsPasteurianishizawaeMicrobial,bacteriaClariva?(seedtreatment)SyngentaBacillusfirmusMicrobial,bacteriaVotivo?(seedtreatment)BayerCropScienceSaponinsofQuillajasaponariaBiochemical,plantextractNema-Q?Brandt二、發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、趨勢中國主要登記農(nóng)用抗生素品種：

春雷霉素、多抗霉素、多殺霉素、井岡霉素、四霉素、中生菌素、農(nóng)抗120、寧南霉素、阿維菌素、申嗪霉素、依維菌素、