各元素物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)

各元素物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)序符中原子外層常見化讀音分類英文名英文名音標(biāo)其它號(hào)號(hào)文量電子合價(jià)主/非1H氫輕11s11、-1Hydrogen/其['haidr?d??n]最輕主/非Helium/稀2He氦3Li鋰害41s2['hi:li?m]['liθi?m]最難液化里72s192s22s212主/堿主/堿土Lithium活潑4Be鈹皮Beryllium[be'rili?m]最輕堿土金屬元素硬度僅次于金剛石['b?:r?n]5B硼朋10.86C碳探127N氮蛋148O氧養(yǎng)169F氟福1910Ne氖乃203主/類Boron2p1的非金屬元素2s22p22、4、-4主//其非CarbonNitrogenOxygenFluorineNeon['kɑ:b?n]['naitr?d??n]['?ksid??n]['flu?ri:n]沸點(diǎn)最高2s2-31234主/非2p35/其2s2空氣中含量最多的元素-2、-1、2主//其非地殼中最多2p42s22p52s22p6主/非/鹵最活潑非金屬，被氧化不能-1主/非/稀['ni:?n]稀有氣體活潑11Na鈉那233s11主/堿Sodium主/堿['s?udi?m]12Mg鎂每243s22Magnesium[mæɡ'ni:zi?m]輕金屬之一土3s2主/金/其地殼里含量最多的13Al鋁呂2714Si硅歸2815P磷林313Aluminum[,ælju'minj?m]3p13s23p23s23p3金屬地殼中含量?jī)H次于氧4主/類Silicon['silik?n]['f?sf?r?s]-3、3、5主//其非PhosphorusSulfur白磷有劇毒質(zhì)地柔軟，輕。與氧氣燃燒形成有毒的3s23p4-2、4、6主//其非16s硫留32['s?lf?]['kl?:ri:n]['ɑ:ɡ?n]二氧化硫17Cl氯綠35.53s23p5-1、5、1、73、主//鹵非ChlorineArgon有毒活潑稀有氣體，在空氣中含量最多的稀有氣體3s23p6主/非/稀18Ar氬亞40活潑，與空氣或水接19K鉀假394s11主/堿Potassium[p?'tæsj?m]觸發(fā)生反應(yīng)，只能儲(chǔ)存在煤油中主/堿20Ca鈣蓋404s22Calcium['kælsi?m]骨骼主要組成成分土21Sc鈧抗鈧453d14s23d234副/金/過ScandiumTitaniumVanadiumChromium['skændi?m][tai'teini?m][v?'neidi?m]一種柔軟過渡金屬，常與釓，鉺混合存在能在氮?dú)庵腥紵?，點(diǎn)高副/金/過熔22Ti鈦太484s23d34s23d54s1副/金/過23V釩凡5124Cr鉻個(gè)52錳25Mn錳猛5526Fe鐵鐵56，27Co鈷古5928Ni鎳臬595高熔點(diǎn)稀有金屬硬度最高的金屬副/金/過3、6['kr?umj?m]3d52、4、6、副/金4s27/過Manganese['mæ?ɡ?,ni:s]在地殼中分布廣泛3d64s23d74s23d84s2副/金/過地殼含量第二高金2、32、32、3IronCobaltNickelCopperZinc['a??n]屬，開采最多金屬副/金/過[k?u'b?:lt]有毒，放射性元素副/金/過有磁性和良好可塑['nik?l]性29Cu銅同63.53d104s11、2副/金/過['k?p?]人類發(fā)現(xiàn)最早金屬之一30Zn鋅辛65.53d104s231Ga鎵家69.74s24p132Ge鍺者72.64s24p223副/金/過[zi?k]主/金/其Gallium['ɡæli?m]4主/類Germanium[d??:'meini?m]4s233As砷申754p3-3、3、5主/類Arsenic['ɑ:s?nik][si'li:ni?m]['br?umi:n]有毒4s234Se硒西794p4-2、4、6主//其非SeleniumBromineKrypton4s235Br溴秀794p5主/非-1、7/鹵活潑活潑36Kr氪克83.84s24p6主/非/稀['kript?n][ru:'bidi?m]['str?nti?m]37Rb銣如85.55s11主/堿Rubidium主/堿38Sr鍶思87.55s22Strontium土4d1副/金/過39Y釔乙8940Zr鋯告9141Nb鈮尼9342Mo鉬目9643Tc锝得9844Ru釕liao310134Yttrium['itri?m][z?:'k?uni?m][nai'?ubi?m]5s24d25s24d45s14d55s14d55s24d75s1副/金/過ZirconiumNiobium副/金/過5副/金/過6Molybdenum[m?'libdin?m]Technetium[tek'ni:?i?m]Ruthenium[ru:'θi:ni?m]副/金/過7放射副/金/過3、8

4d85s1副/金/過45Rh銠老103RhodiumPalladiumSilver['r?udi?m][p?'leidi?m]['silv?]副/金/過46Pd鈀把106.54d104d1047Ag銀吟1085s1副/金/過12348Cd鎘隔112.54d105s2副/金/過Cadmium['kædmi?m]5s249In銦因1155p1主/金/其IndiumTin['indi?m]50Sn錫西118.55s25p22、45s2主/金/其[tin]51Sb銻梯122-3、3、5主/類Antimony['æntim?ni]5p352Te碲帝127.55p45s2-2、26、4、主/類Tellurium[te'lju?ri?m]5s25p5主/非/鹵53I碘典127-1、7IodineXenon['ai?udi:n]活潑活潑54Xe氙仙131.35s25p64、6、8主/非/稀['zen?n]['si:zi?m]['bε?ri?m]55Cs銫色1336s11主/堿Cesium主/堿56Ba鋇貝137.36s22Barium土5d1副/金/鑭57La鑭蘭1393Lanthanum['lænθ?n?m]6s24f1副/金/鑭58Ce鈰市1405d13、4Cerium['si?ri?m]6s24f3副/金/鑭59Pr鐠普14160Nd釹女14433333Praseodymium[,preizi?u'dimi?m][,ni:?u'dimi?m]Promethium[pr?u'mi:θi?m]6s24f46s24f56s2副/金/鑭Neodymium副/金/鑭61Pm钷叵145放射62Sm釤衫150.54f66s2副/金/鑭SamariumEuropium[s?'m??ri?m][ju?'r?upi?m]4f763Eu銪有1526s2副/金/鑭4f764Gd釓軋1575d13副/金/鑭Gadolinium['ɡæd?lini?m]6s24f9副/金/鑭65Tb鋱忒159333Terbium['t?:bi?m]Dysprosium[dis'pr?usi?m]['h?ulmi?m]6s266Dy鏑滴162.54f106s2副/金/鑭4f1167Ho鈥火1656s2副/金/鑭Holmium

4f126s2副/金/鑭68Er鉺耳167333ErbiumThulium['?:bi?m]['θju:li?m][i't?:bi?m]4f136s2副/金/鑭69Tm銩丟16970Yb鐿意1734f146s2副/金/鑭Ytterbium4f1471Lu镥魯1755d136s2副/金/鑭Lutetium[lju:'ti:?i?m]72Hf鉿哈178.55d26s24567副/金/過Hafnium['hæfni?m]Tantalum['tænt?l?m]5d373Ta鉭坦1816s2副/金/過5d474W鎢烏1846s2副/金/過TungstenRheniumOsmium['t??st?n]['ri:ni?m]['?zmi?m]熔點(diǎn)最高5d575Re錸來1866s2副/金/過5d676Os鋨鵝1906s2副/金/過密度最大的金屬5d777Ir銥衣1926s2副/金/過Iridium[ai'ridi?m]5d978Pt鉑伯1956s1副/金/過Platinum['plætin?m]5d1079Au金今1976s1副/金/過1、3Gold[ɡ?uld]原子結(jié)構(gòu)最穩(wěn)定80Hg汞拱200.65d106s21、2副/金/過Mercury['m?:kjuri]81Tl鉈他204.56s26p13主/金/其Thallium['θæli?m]6s282Pb鉛千2076p2主/金/其2,43、5Lead[led]6s283Bi鉍必2096p3主/金/其Bismuth['bizm?θ][p?'l?uni?m]6s284Po釙潑2096p4-2、6主/類Polonium6s285At砹艾2106p5主/非Astatine['æst?ti:n]活潑/鹵主/非/稀6s286Rn氡冬2226p6Radon['reid?n]87Fr鈁方2237s11主/堿Francium['frænsi?m]放射活潑主/堿土88Ra鐳雷2267s22Radium['reidi?m]Actinium[æk'tini?m]['θ?:ri?m]6d189Ac錒阿2277s2副/金/錒6d290Th釷土2327s2副/金/錒Thorium91Pa鏷仆2315f2副金Protactinium[,pr?utæk'tini?m]

6d17s2錒5f3由2386d17s2副/金/錒92U鈾Uranium[ju'reini?m]5f493Np镎拿2376d1副/金/錒Neptunium[nep'tju:ni?m]Plutonium[plu:'t?uni?m]7s25f6副/金/錒94Pu钚不244放射7s25f77s25f7副/金/錒95Am镅眉243Americium[,æm?'risi?m]人造放射副/金/錒96Cm鋦居2476d17s2Curium['kju?ri?m]['b?:kli?m]人造放射5f997Bk锫陪2477s2副/金/錒Berkelium人造放射5f1098Cf锎開2517s2副/金Californium[,kæli'f?:ni?m]人造放射，最貴金/錒副/金/錒屬5f1199Es锿哀2527s2Einsteinium[ain'staini?m]['f?:mi?m]Mendelevium[,mend?'li:vi?m][n?u'bi:li?m]人造放射5