2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)英美文學歷年高頻考點試題附答案難題帶詳解

2023年研究生類研究生入學考試專業(yè)課英語專業(yè)英美文學歷年高頻考點試題附答案難題帶詳解卷I一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版(共50題)1.NationalCurriculum(1988)2.LostintheFunhouse3.In1945,Britainbecameapermanentmemberofthe______.4.Thewirelessexperimentwasmadeby______.A.ThomasＡ.EdisonB.AlexanderD.BellC.GuglielmoMarconiD.GeorgeWestinghousse5.ProbablythemostaccuratewaytothinkaboutCanada,isasa______likeAustraliaandIndia.6."TheLostGeneration"referstothewriteswhorelocatedtoParisinthepostWWⅠyearstorejectthevaluesofAmericanmaterialism.Allthefollowingbut______areinvolvedinthisgroup.A.F.S.FitzgeraldB.ErnestHemingwayC.TheodoreDreiserD.JohnDosPassos7.TheHeadofStateofNewZealandis______,representedinNewZealandbyaGovernor-General.8.Bythetimeofthe1980electionoftheRepublicanpresident,______,thebacklashagainstfeminismwasinfullswing.9.______,whoseobligationswereonlytohouse,feedandclothetheirconvictservantsandagriculturallaborers,builttheirwealthontheunpaidlaboroftheconvicts.10.Americansocietyisviolent.11.TheformaldiplomaticrelationbetweenChinaandtheUSwasestablishedunderPresident______.A.NixonB.CarterC.BushD.Reagan12.WhatmakesMargaretLaurencehighlyrepresentativeofcontemporaryCanada?13.Primarilyemployedintavernsandhousesofpleasure,thepianowasused______.A.forestablishingrhythmsectionB.forannouncingthemelodiesinadditiontoestablishingarhythmC.foraccompanyingbluessingingintheSouthernpartoftheUnitedStatesD.forsoundingoutmelodies14.Sundaynewspapers15.Jazzoriginatedinthelatenineteenthcenturyamongblackmusiciansof______.A.NevadaB.NewOrleansC.NewJerseyD.Hawaii16.WhatarethemainfeaturesofBritishelectoralsystem?17.Whoistheauthorofthefollowingpoem?

HuffyHenryhid[sic.]theday

UnappeasableHenrysulked.

Alltheworldlikeawoolenlover

OncedidseemonHenry'sside.

Thencameadeparture.

Thereafternothingfelloutasitmightorought...A.JohnBerrymanB.RandallJarrellC.JamesMerrillD.RichardWilbur18.GeorgeBernardShawl'sfamousplay______hasbeenadaptedintoafilmMyFairLady.19.TheAngryYoungMen20.WilliamFaulknerisNOTthewriterof______.A.HerzogB.ARoseforEmilyC.AsILayDyingD.GoDown,Moses21.theDowning-StreetDeclaration22.EmilyBronte23.TheSecretRose,andTheWindAmongtheReedsareamongtheearlyfamousworksof______.A.W.B.YeatsB.SeamusHeaneyC.RichardSheridanD.SamuelBeckett24.TheoldestpoemsorsagaswereprobablyrecitedtotheIrish______,stillregardedasIreland'smostancientinstrument(andnowadoptedasitsnationalsymbol).25.ErnestHemingwayisafamousAmericannovelist,aNobelPrizewinnerforthemasterpiece______.26.WhatwastheRomaninfluenceoverBritain?27."Allmenarecreatedequal"isfromthedocumentcalled______.28.______byJosephHelleristherepresentativenovelofblackhumor.29.TheCivilRightsMovement30.1.

31.Explaintheterm"TerraNullius".32.WhichofthefollowinghavetheirchurchheadquartersinSaltLakeCity,Utah?______A.Puritans.B.Baptists.C.Mormons.D.Friends.33.ThosewhocametotheUSinthe1840sand1850swerelargelyIrishandGermansfleeingfamineandpoliticalupheaval.34.Theprairiesareflatandfeaturelessandhaveaharsh______climate.35.Eitherweraisetaxesby10%orwedrownourselvesinabudgetdeficit.36.GuyFawkesDayisoneofthemostregularlyobservednationalholidaysinEnglandon______.A.November5thB.October5thC.November8thD.October8th37.1.

38.In______,commonsenseandmoralproprietytooktheplaceoftheprincipleofRomanticismandbecamethepredominantpreoccupationinliteraryworks.A.RenaissanceB.theElizabethanperiodC.thegildedageD.theVictorianperiod39.Blues40.Tabloids41.TheDynasts42.LyricalBallads43.Canadaisamemberofthepowerful______,theworld'srichesteconomies.44.IntheUnitedStates,______isaleadingcommercialcropintheSouth.A.cottonB.tobaccoC.peanutD.apple45.Thefirstindustriesthatweredevelopedafterthesettlementswerethe______industries.46.TheConfidenceMan47.In1908,J.StuartBlacktonphotographedtheLondonversionofRomeoandJuliet.48.Americaneconomyisnowthelargestintheworld,producingroughly______ofthetotalworldoutput,whilecontainingonlyabout______ofthetotalworldpopulation.49.Before1900,theprevailingeconomicdogmahadbeenlaisser-faire,whichmeansthat______.50.BritishAerospacewasthemergerofwhichtwocompanies?______A.TheBritishAircraftCorporationandHawker-SiddeleyAviation.B.TheBritishAircraftCorporationandRolls-Royce.C.Hawker-SiddeleyAviationandGECAvionics.D.Hawker-SiddeleyAviationandRolls-Royce.卷I參考答案一.歷年考點試題黑鉆版1.參考答案：NationalCurriculumwasintroducedintoEngland,WalesandNorthernIrelandasanationwidecurriculumforprimaryandsecondarystateschoolsaccordingtotheEducationReformAct1988.Itaimedtostandardizethecontentstaughtbyallteacherssoastogetassessmentstatisticsforeveryschool,whichinturnenabledthecompilationofleaguetables.2.參考答案：AcollectionofshortfictionswrittenbyJohnBarth.[解析]約翰·巴斯(JohnBarth)，1930-至今，美國后現(xiàn)代小說家。其代表作包括《流動歌劇院》(TheFloatingOpera，1956)、《路的盡頭》(TheEndoftheRoad，1958)、《煙草代理商》(TheSot-WeedFactor，1960)、《山羊孩子賈爾斯》(GilesGoat-Boy,or,TheRevisedNewSyllabus，1966)，《迷失在游樂園中》(LostintheFunhouse，1968)和《潮水的故事》(TheTidewaterTales，1987)。他的小說大多模擬、調(diào)侃傳統(tǒng)的敘事形式，并把深刻的哲理同辛辣的諷刺、尖刻甚至粗俗的幽默融為一體。3.參考答案：SecurityCounciloftheUnitedNations[解析]安理會由5個常任理事國和10個非常任理事國組成。5個常任理事國是中國、法國、俄羅斯、英國、美國。其中英國1945年成為常任理事國。4.參考答案：C[解析]GuglielmoMarconi古列爾莫·馬可尼，意大利發(fā)明家，諾貝爾物理獎得主，無線電和電報的發(fā)明人。5.參考答案："middlepower"[解析]或許用“中等國家”，像描述澳大利亞和印度一樣，來描述加拿大是最確切的。6.參考答案：C[解析]本題考查“迷惘一代”作家的代表。西奧多·德萊塞(TheodoreDreiser)屬于自然主義流派的作家。

約翰·多斯·帕索斯(JohnDosPassos)，1896-1970，小說家。根據(jù)親身經(jīng)歷寫成的《三個士兵》(ThreeSoldiers，1921)是他第一部有影響的小說，也是最早反映美國青年一代厭戰(zhàn)和迷惘情緒的作品。1925年發(fā)表的《曼哈頓中轉(zhuǎn)站》(ManhattanTransfer)以大戰(zhàn)前后的紐約社會為背景，報寫了記者、律師、演員、水手、工會干部等人物形象。他們都是資本主義社會的失意者，生活苦悶，精神空虛。

多斯·帕索斯的代表作是《美國》(U.S.A)三部曲，包括《北緯四十二度》(The42ndParallel，1930)、《一九一九年》(NineteenNineteen，1932)和《賺大錢》(TheBigMoney，1936)。這部作品規(guī)模宏大，時間從本世紀初直至1929年經(jīng)濟危機爆發(fā)，描寫了12個人物形象。他們的故事獨立成章，情節(jié)上偶爾有所聯(lián)系。7.參考答案：theBritishmonarch[解析]新西蘭的國家元首是英國女王，總督是她在新西蘭的代表。8.參考答案：RonaldReagan[解析]到1980年，共和黨的里根當選總統(tǒng)時，對女權主義的抵制達到了高潮。9.參考答案：Thepastoralists[解析]大牧場主是主要的土地所有者，并且通常是地方行政官，他們運用手中的權利，迫使罪犯勞工辛苦的工作，并利用罪犯的無償勞動積累財富。10.參考答案：B[解析]在美國大多數(shù)的社區(qū)里，犯罪是很少見的，居住在那里的人們不太擔心暴力。11.參考答案：B[解析]中美兩國的正式外交關系是在卡特總統(tǒng)在任時建立的。12.參考答案：MargaretLaurencewasoneofthemostfamousmodernwritersinCanada.HavinglivedinAfricaformanyyears,shewasinfluencedbythepoliticalenvironmentthereandthepositionofwomeninsuchsocieties.Thisexperiencealsogaveherasenseofdiversitybetweendifferentcultures.Theideaofrespectingthedifferencesbetweencultures,peoples,races,regions,gendersandgenerationsisapowerfulthemeofherwork,andmakesherhighlyrepresentativeofcontemporaryCanadawithitsemphasison"multiculturalism".Oneofherbest-knownbooksisTheDiviners.13.參考答案：B[解析]鋼琴屬于鍵盤樂器，源于西洋古典音樂，被譽為樂器之王。鋼琴曾在酒館中被用于演奏音樂及定節(jié)奏。14.參考答案：SundaynewspapersarelargerthandailynewspaperswhicharepublishedoneverydayofaweekexceptforSunday.Theyusuallyhavetwotothreesectionsandacolorsupplement.SundaynewspapersaresuchnationalseriousnewspapersasTheObserver,SundaySport,SundayTimes,TheSundayMirror,SundayExpress,TheSundayTelegraph,TheIndependentonSundayandTheNewsoftheWorld.15.參考答案：B[解析]新奧爾良是Jazz(爵士樂)的搖籃，在其誕生以及發(fā)展的過程中發(fā)揮了關鍵性的作用。16.參考答案：ThemainfeaturesofBritishelectoralsystemareasfollows:

(1)IntheUK,theGeneralElectionisheldatleasteveryfiveyears.Thenationisdividedintoabout650constituencies,eachofwhichreturnsaMemberofParliament.Everyoneagedeighteenorover,exceptforlunatics,criminalsandmembersoftheHouseofLords,hastherighttovote.TheonewhogetsthemostvotesinaconstituencybecomesoneMemberofParliament.TheleaderofthepartywiththelargestnumberofmembersreturnedtotheHouseofCommonsbecomesPrimeMinister.

(2)TheBritishelectoralsystemismainlydominatedbythetwomajorparties,i.e.,theConservativePartyandtheLaborParty.

(3)Asaresult,thesystemhassomeshortcomings.First,itisunfairfortheotherpartiesastheyhavefewopportunitiestowinandtoformthenewCabinet.Besides,Laborelectioncommitteesareinclinedtoexcludethemajorityoftheworkersfrombeingcandidatesandtochoosemiddleclasscandidates,becausetheythinkthatthesecandidateswillappealtoawiderrangeofvotersandwillthusbemorelikelytowin.Furthermore,individualopinionsandinitiativewillbediscouraged,sinceonehastovoteforthecandidateschosenbytheparty.17.參考答案：A[解析]約翰·貝里曼(JohnBerryman)，1914-1972，美國詩人。主要作品有《向布雷茲特里特夫人致意》(HomagetoMistressBradstreet，1956)、《77首夢歌》(77DreamSongs，1964)、《短詩集》(1967)、《貝里曼十四行詩集》(1967)和《他的玩具，他的夢，他的休息》(HisToy,HisDreamHisRest，1968)。本文節(jié)選自《夢歌1：發(fā)怒的亨利藏了一天》(HuffyHenryHidtheday)。他的詩作以切分式的韻律、強烈的心理活動和自我流露而著稱。

蘭德爾·杰瑞爾(RandallJarrell)，1914-1965，美國詩人、批評家和小說家。主要作品有《華盛頓動物園的女人》(1960年)，其中收錄了他自己的和翻譯過來的歐洲詩人的詩，曾獲得過國家圖書獎。

詹姆斯·梅里爾(JamesMerill)，1926-1995，美國詩人，形式主義大師，曾獲得過國家圖書獎。

理查德·威爾伯(RichardWilbur)，1921年，至今，美國詩人，他因《今世之事》(1956年)和《新詩集》(1988年)兩部詩集榮獲普利策獎。他的詩通常押韻且韻律規(guī)則，常用反語和矛盾修飾法。威爾伯用準確和優(yōu)美的語言分析普通的事物，如繩子上的衣服，描寫諸如此類的事物以前沒被注意的意義和美。他的作品吸收經(jīng)驗、贊美生命。他也因翻譯拉辛和莫里哀的作品而聞名。18.參考答案：Pygmalion[解析]蕭伯納獲得1925年的諾貝爾文學獎桂冠。他的著名作品《賣花女》被改編為電影，就是著名的《窈窕淑女》。19.參考答案：Theangryyoungmenwereabreedofintellectuals,includingvariousBritishnovelistsandplaywrights,whoemergedinthe1950sandexpressedscornanddisaffectionwiththeestablishedsociopoliticalorderoftheircountry.Theirimpatienceandresentmentwereespeciallyarousedbywhattheyperceivedasthehypocrisyandmediocrityoftheupperandmiddleclasses.ThecatchphrasewasfirstappliedtoJohnOsborneandextendedtoallhiscontemporarieswhoexpressedrageandthepersistenceofclassdistinctions,prideintheirlower-classmannerisms,anddislikeforanythinghighbrowor"phony".20.參考答案：A[解析]《赫索格》(Herzog)是索爾·貝婁(SaulBellow)的代表作。小說描寫了中產(chǎn)階級知識分子在現(xiàn)代社會中的苦悶與迷惘，追尋和探索。這部小說也是貝婁涉及社會問題最多的一部小說，內(nèi)容豐富，寓意深刻，分析精妙，手法多樣，是貝婁小說敘述藝術的典范之作。它深深地打動了廣大的讀者，引起了極大的轟動，得到了普遍的好評，為此獲得了1965年美國全國圖書獎。21.參考答案：TheDowning-StreetDeclaration,alsocalledJointDeclarationonPeace,wasadeclarationsignedonDecember15,1993bytheBritishPrimeMinister,JohnMajor,andtheIrishTaoiseach,AlbertReynolds,onbehalfoftheBritishandIrishGovernmentsrespectively.ItaffirmedtherightofthepeopleofNorthernIrelandtoself-determination,andthattheprovincewouldbetransferredtotheRepublicofIrelandfromtheUnitedKingdomifandonlyifamajorityofitspeoplewasinfavorofsuchamove.Becauseofthedeclaration,theProvisionalIrishRepublicanArmyannouncedaceasefirein1994.22.參考答案：AnBritishnovelistwhosemasterpieceisWutheringHeights.23.參考答案：A[解析]詩集《玫瑰的秘密》、《葦間風》是葉芝早期的著名作品。選項A正確。24.參考答案：harp[解析]愛爾蘭最古老的樂器是豎琴，許多古老的詩歌都是由豎琴伴奏來誦讀的，現(xiàn)在豎琴被看做是愛爾蘭的象征。25.參考答案：TheOldManandtheSea[解析]歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威是美國最偉大的作家之一，曾因作品《老人與?！帆@得諾貝爾文學獎，代表作還有《太陽照樣升起》、《永別了，武器》、《喪鐘為誰而鳴》等。)26.參考答案：TheRomanoccupationofBritainlastedfrom43ADto407,duringwhichperiodBritainwasruledasaprovinceofRome.TheRomaninfluencewassogreatthattherewasnottheslightestevidencethatanynationalfeelingexisted.①TheybroughtChristianitytoEngland.②TheybroughtswordstoEnglandandbuiltgreatwalls,baths,temples,beautifulvillasandfinebuildings.Theydrainedmarshes,clearedawayforests,builtroadsandtaughttheBritonstocultivatetheirlandinabetterway.③Theyintroducedasystemoforganizedgovernmentandbuiltanetworkofwalledtowns.④TheEnglishupperclassesbecamecompletelyRomanizedandweretransformedfromCeltictribalchiefsintoRomanlandownersandofficials.27.參考答案：DeclarationofIndependence[解析]1776年7月4日，美國國會正式通過了由托馬斯·杰斐遜起草的獨立宣言；宣言里提到：人人生而平等。28.參考答案：Catch-22[解析]海勒的代表作《第二十二條軍規(guī)》被認為是黑色幽默的第一部作品。29.參考答案：Inthe1960s,theCivilRightsMovementstartedwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedthesegregationlawsthatkeptthemandwhitepeopleapartinhousing,schools,restaurantsandmanyotherpublicfacilities.SuchorganizationsasSNCC,COREandSCLCwereestablishedtomaketheprotestssuccessful.Asaresult,segregationinthesouthernstateswasabolished.AgreatleaderoftheCivilRightsMovementwasMartinLutherKing,Jr.,aBaptistminister.Heorganizedaseriesof"marches",includingthemarchonWashingtonofAugust,1963,whenhedeliveredhisfamousspeech"IHaveaDream".30.參考答案：ThroughoutAmericanLiterature,manyauthorsusethesymbolofnaturetocorrespondwiththetoneoftheirmaincharacters.Goodandattractivenatureseemstoreflectthegoodeventshappeninginacharacterslife.Badandrepulsivenatureimitatesthebadeventshappeninginacharacterslife.Goingbacktothetimesoftranscendentalistsanduptothemoremodernageviews,itiscommontoseetheauthorusenatureasamajorsymboloftheirstory.Althoughnatureisusedfrequentlyasakeysymbol,theauthorsofthe

18thand19thcenturiesusethisimagerydifferentlythanthatofcontemporaryauthors.

Transcendentalism,tonameafew,istheideaofmanrelatinghimselfwithnature.ThesepeoplebelievethatGodexpresseshimselfthroughnatureandifthesepeoplerelatethemselvestonaturethentheyarerelatingthemselvestoGod.Astherepresentative,EmersonusesnaturetohelpfindhisGod.Hedoesnotuseittogetawayfromtheworld.HebelievesthatifheusestheworldhecanfindhisGodandhecanfindhisfaults.

LikeEmerson,NathanielHawthornesharedsomeofthebeliefsofthetranscendentalist.InTheScarletLetterhecontinuallyrelatesnaturetothemaincharacters.Whenbadeventsoccurhedescribestherepulsivenatureandgoodeventswithappealingnature.Heuseslightvs.dark,villagevs.forest,moonvs.sun,andconstantlyreferstorosesorweeds.Thesesymbolsobviouslyseparategoodfrombad.Transcendentalismisthoughtofasgoodnesswhereasthepuritansareusuallyreferredtowithbadnature.

Towardstheendofthe19thCentury,religiousviewshadchangedquiteabit.AtthattimemanylawschangedandAmericawasbeginningitquestforequality.KateChopinwasoneofthemostinfluentialauthorsofthetime,notonlybecauseshewasawomanbutalsobecausesheblendedthenewrightsofthetimeintoherstories.

LikeSelfRelianceandTheScarletLetter,TheAwakeningusesnatureasasymboloffreedom,Theoceanwasthemajorsymbolinthisstory.Itrepresentsfreedom,escapeandself-awareness.TheoceanisaplacewhereEdnacanrelaxandcomeintouchwithherinner-self.Theoceancomfortsherinawayhatnothingelsecan.TheoceandoesforEdnawhatnatureingeneraldidforEmerson.[解析]本題考查美國文學中人與自然的關系。在18和19世紀的美國文學中，自然常常與自由聯(lián)系在一起。本題主要以愛默生、霍桑以及肖邦的作品，從自由的角度解讀了自然的概念。31.參考答案：TerraNull～usisfromLatin.Itmeansalandthatisownedbynoone.TheBritishdeclaredtheAustraliancontinentTerraNull～ustojustifytheirinvasionoftheindigenouspeople'sland.Thisdefinitionservedtolegitimizetheirtakingpossessionofthelandanddevaluetheindigenouspeopleasuncivilizedandnotfullyhuman.32.參考答案：C[解析]清教，新教教派，歐洲宗教改革時代后期出現(xiàn)于英國；浸禮會，新教教派，17世紀前期出現(xiàn)于英國及荷蘭；摩門教，即耶穌基督后期圣徒教會，1830年由約瑟夫·史密斯創(chuàng)立，總部位于猶他州鹽湖城；教友派，新教教派，17世紀出現(xiàn)于英國，由喬治·?？怂箘?chuàng)立。33.參考答案：A[解析]19世紀40年代到19世紀50年代期間來到美國的移民多數(shù)是愛爾蘭和德國逃離饑荒和政治混亂的難民。34.參考答案：continental[解析]該地區(qū)平坦而無特色，具有嚴酷的大陸性氣候。35.參考答案："Either...or..."givesusanimpressionthatthetwoclausesattachedtothemarebutanonlychoicetomake.Inthiscase,notraisingtaxedby10%mightnotcausetheconsequent.Sothelogicisalsoproblematic.[解析]“either...or...”句型給人的感覺是只能這兩個條件中作出選擇。但是這兩種條件本身并不相互排斥。36.參考答案：A[解析]蓋伊·?？怂谷帐菫榱瞬煌浬w伊·福克斯試圖用20桶火藥炸掉議會大廈的意圖。事件發(fā)生于1605年11月5日晚，自那年起成為英國全國性節(jié)日。37.參考答案：Romanticpoetryreferredtothenaturalaspectsoftheworld,focusingonthefeelingsofsadnessandgreathappiness.Naturewasafocusofmanyfamouspoets.Itwasoftenpresentedasitselfaworkofart,constructedbyadivineimagination,inemblematiclanguage.Asissuggestedinthepoems,WordsworthderivesfromthedaffodilsinfullblossomafeelingofphilosophicaldelightandJohnKeatsexpresseshiscontemplationonbeautyoverthesightofanancientUrn.Andromanticnaturepoetryisthereforeessentiallypoetryofmeditationandtheauthorsdisplayedw