2023年全國(guó)職稱英語等級(jí)考試（衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)）題庫【歷年真題＋章節(jié)題庫＋模擬試題】

第一部分歷年真題2016年全國(guó)職稱英語等級(jí)考試衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)真題及詳解第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1—15題,每題1分,共15分)下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線,請(qǐng)為每處畫線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1.Youneedfeedbacktomonitorprogress.A.stopB.achieve C.checkD.access【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：你需要利用反饋信息來監(jiān)控進(jìn)展。monitor監(jiān)控。check檢查，核對(duì)。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選C項(xiàng)。stop停止。achieve取得；獲得。access使用；存??；接近。2.Thislatestinjurymustsurelymeanthathertenniscareerisnowatanend.A.overB.ready C.rewardingD.promising【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：可以確信，最近的這次受傷意味著她的網(wǎng)球職業(yè)生涯的結(jié)束。over可以表示“結(jié)束”，因此本題選A項(xiàng)。rewarding值得的；有報(bào)酬的。promising有前途的；有希望的。3.Jensenisadangerousman,andcanbeverybrutal.A.careless B.strong C.cruelD.hard【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：Jensen是個(gè)危險(xiǎn)人物，他可能會(huì)很殘忍。brutal殘忍的；野蠻的；無情的。cruel殘酷的，殘忍的；無情的。二者意思相近，此處可互相替換，因此選C項(xiàng)。careless粗心的；無憂無慮的；漫不經(jīng)心的。strong強(qiáng)壯的；強(qiáng)烈的。hard困難的；硬的。4.Theideawasquitebrilliant.A.positive B.clever C.key D.original【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：這個(gè)主意相當(dāng)巧妙。brilliant聰明的；杰出的。clever聰明的，靈巧的。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選B項(xiàng)。positive積極的；確實(shí)的。key關(guān)鍵的。original原始的；最初的。5.Weareawareofthepotentialproblems.A.global B.ongoing C.possible D.central【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：我們意識(shí)到了潛在的問題。potential潛在的，有可能的。possible可能的。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選C項(xiàng)。global全球的。ongoing不間斷的，進(jìn)行的。central中央的，中心的。6.Wemustgettotherootoftheproblem.A.approachB.causeC.heartD.solution【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我們必須找到問題的根源。root根；根源。cause起因，原因。二者意思相近，此處可互相替換，因此選B項(xiàng)。approach方法；途徑。heart心臟，核心。solution解決辦法。7.Allhouseswithin100metresoftheseasareatriskofflooding.A.outofcontrol B.indangerC.betweenequalsD.inparticular【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：距海100米內(nèi)的所以房屋都有遭受洪水泛濫的危險(xiǎn)。attheriskof處于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中，冒著……的危險(xiǎn)。indangerof處于危險(xiǎn)中，有……的危險(xiǎn)。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選B項(xiàng)。outofcontrol失去控制。inparticular尤其，特別。8.Anythingtodowithaeroplanesandflyingfascinateshim.A.affects B.helpsC.worriesD.interests【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：任何關(guān)于飛機(jī)和飛行的事情都使他著迷。fascinate使著迷，使神魂顛倒。interest使……感興趣；引起……的關(guān)心。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選D項(xiàng)。affect影響。help幫助。worry擔(dān)心；發(fā)愁。9.Heneedsthemoneyreallybadly.A.veryurgently B.veryquickly C.verymuchD.veryefficiently【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：他非常需要這筆錢。badly非常，很；嚴(yán)重地，厲害地。verymuch非常，很，十分。二者意思相近，此處可互相替換，因此選C項(xiàng)。urgently迫切地，緊急地。quickly迅速地，很快地。efficiently有效地，效率高地。10.IthinkImanagedtograspthemainpointsofthelecture.A.coverB.understandC.prove D.discuss【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：我想我已經(jīng)掌握了講座的要點(diǎn)。grasp抓住；了解,領(lǐng)會(huì)。understand理解；懂得。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選B項(xiàng)。cover覆蓋；包括。prove證明。discuss討論。11.Thecoursegivesyoubasicinstructionincarmaintenance.A.ideaB.coachingC.term D.aspect【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：該課程在汽車維修方面給了我基本的指導(dǎo)。instruction指導(dǎo)，說明。coaching訓(xùn)練，輔導(dǎo)。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選B項(xiàng)。idea主意，想法。term學(xué)期；術(shù)語。aspect方面。12.Ididn’tparticularlywanttogo,butIhadto.A.especiallyB.mainlyC.usuallyD.rapidly【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我不是特別想去，但是我必須去。particularly特別地；尤其地。especially特別；尤其。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選A項(xiàng)。mainly主要地。usually通常，經(jīng)常。rapidly快速地。13.Classsizeswillincreaseunderthenewscheme.A.direction B.contextC.environment D.system【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：在新的體系下，班級(jí)的規(guī)模將擴(kuò)大。scheme計(jì)劃；體系；陰謀。system制度；體系，系統(tǒng)。二者意思相近，此處可互相替換，因此選D項(xiàng)。direction方向。context語境。environment環(huán)境。14.Thebestoptionwouldbetocancelthetripaltogether.A.hope B.part C.estimate D.decision【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：最好的選擇將是完全取消旅行。option選項(xiàng)；選擇權(quán)。decision決定；決議。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選D項(xiàng)。hope希望。part部分。estimate估計(jì)，預(yù)測(cè)。15.Hewasincrediblyrich.A.extremelyB.relatively C.seriouslyD.fairly【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：他極為有錢。incredibly難以置信地，很，極為。extremely極端地；非常，很。二者意思相近，此處可相互替換，因此選A項(xiàng)。relatively相對(duì)地；比較地。seriously嚴(yán)重地；認(rèn)真地。fairly公平地；適當(dāng)，相當(dāng)?shù)亍５?部分：閱讀判斷（第16—22題,每題l分。共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息,請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息,請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及,請(qǐng)選擇C。MultivitaminsUrgedforAllPregnantWomenArecentstudy,inTanzaniafoundthatwhenpregnantwomentookvitaminseveryday,fewerbabieswereborntoosmall.Babiesthatweighlessthantwoandone-halfkilogramsatbirthhaveagreaterriskofdying.Thosethatsurvivearemorelikelytoexperienceproblemswiththeirdevelopment.Andexpertssaythatasadultstheyhaveahigherriskofdiseasesincludingheartdisease.TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthateveryyeartwentymillionbabiesarebornwithlowbirthweight.Nineoutoftenofthemarebornindevelopingcountries.ThenewstudytookplaceinDubai.4,200pregnantwomenreceivedmultivitamins.ThepillscontainedallofthevitaminsintheBgroupalongwithvitaminsCandE.Theyalsocontainedseveraltimesmoreironthanthelevelsadvisedforwomenindevelopednations.Pregnantwomenespeciallyinpoorcountriesmayfinditdifficulttogetenoughvitaminsandmineralsfromthefoodsintheirdiet.Thescientistscomparedthefindingswithresultsfromagroupof4,000womenwhodidnotreceivethevitamins.Areportbythescientists,fromtheUnitedStatesandTanzania,appearedintheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.WafaieFawzioftheHarvardUniversitySchoolofPublicHealthledthestudy.NoneofthewomeninthestudyhadHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Thescientistsreportedearlierthatdailymulti-vitaminswerealow-costwaytoreducefetaldeathsinpregnantwomeninfectedwithHIV.TheearlierworkinTanzaniaalsofoundimprovementinthemothersintheirnumberofbloodcellsknownaslymphocytes（淋巴細(xì)胞).Lymphocytesincreasethebody’simmunityagainstinfection.ThenewstudyinpregnantwomenwhowerenotinfectedwiththeAIDSvirusfoundthatmultivitaminsreducedtheriskoflowbirthweight.Justundereightpercentofthebabiesborntowomenwhotookthemulti-vitaminsweighedlessthan2,500grams.Theratewasalmostnineandone-halfpercentinthegroupofwomenwhoreceivedaplacebo,aninactivepill,insteadofthevitamins.Butthevitaminsdidnotdomuchtoreducetheratesofbabiesbeingborntooearlyordyingwhilestillafetus.Still,theresearcherssaymultivita-minsshouldbeconsideredforallpregnantwomenindevelopingcountries.16.Thebabiesbornunderweighttakeariskofbeinginpoorerhealthconditions.A.Right  B.Wrong C.Notmentioned17.Pregnantwomenindeveopedcountriesneedn’ttakeinanyiron,A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned18.PregnantwomenwhotakemultivitaminshavealowerchanceofdyingfromHIV.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned19.ThenumberoflymphocytesisverylowinAfricawomen.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned20.Womenwhotakemultivitaminswillnothaveunderweightbabies.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned21.Vitaminscanbeusedtoreducethebirthrateofunderweightbabies.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned22.Theplaceboworksmoreeffectivelythanthevitaminsinreducingtheriskoflowbirthweight.A.Right B.Wrong C.Notmentioned【答案與解析】16.A 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段提到“Babiesthatweighlessthantwoandone-halfkilogramsatbirthhaveagreaterriskofdying.Thosethatsurvivearemorelikelytoexperienceproblemswiththeirdevelopment.”，體重過輕的新生兒死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大，即使幸存下來，其患很多疾病的幾率也會(huì)更高。由此可知本題說法是正確的，故選A。17.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞iron定位至第二段。點(diǎn)睛：文章第二段提到“Theyalsocontainedseveraltimesmoreironthanthelevelsadvisedforwomenindevelopednations.”，超出發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家給婦女的建議服用量數(shù)倍的鐵，并不是說發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的孕婦不需要補(bǔ)充鐵，因此本題說法錯(cuò)誤，故選B。18.B 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第三段。點(diǎn)睛：由第三段“Thescientistsreportedearlierthatdailymultivitaminswerealow-costwaytoreducefetaldeathsinpregnantwomeninfectedwithHIV.”可知，每日補(bǔ)充多種維生素對(duì)于已感染艾滋病的孕婦來說是一種減少胎兒死亡幾率的成本較低的方式。并不是孕婦的死亡幾率，因此題干說法錯(cuò)誤，故選B。19.C 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞lymphocytes定位至第三段。點(diǎn)睛：文章第三段提到“TheearlierworkinTanzaniaalsofoundimprovementinthemothersintheirnumberofbloodcellsknownaslymphocytes.Lymphocytesincreasethebodv’simmunityagainstinfection.”，坦桑尼亞的早期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孕婦在服用多種維生素后其血液中的淋巴細(xì)胞水平會(huì)上升，而淋巴細(xì)胞可以增強(qiáng)人體免疫系統(tǒng)抵御傳染病的功能。文中并未提及題干內(nèi)容，故選C。20.B 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：最后一段第一句提到“...multivitaminsreducedtheriskoflowbirthweight.”，補(bǔ)充多種維生素可以顯著降低新生兒體重過輕的概率，并不是不會(huì)有體重過輕的嬰兒，題干說法太絕對(duì)，故錯(cuò)誤，選B。21.A 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：最后一段第一句提到“...multivitaminsreducedtheriskoflowbirthweight.”，補(bǔ)充多種維生素可以顯著降低新生兒體重過輕的概率，題干說法與此意相符，故正確，選A。22.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞placebo定位至最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：最后一段第二、三句提到，服用維生素的孕婦組中，過輕嬰兒的比重不足總數(shù)的8%，而服用安慰劑的對(duì)照組中，過輕嬰兒的比重接近9.5%。由此可知維生素比安慰劑能更有效地降低新生兒體重過輕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，所以題干說法錯(cuò)誤，故選B。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23—30題,每題1分,共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。SeekHealthandWellness1Whetheryouarebusystudyingorstartingclerkship,itisabsolutelyessentialtomaintainhealthandwell-beingthroughoutyourmedicalcareer.Somewaysareusefulintryingtostayhealthyandactive.Hopefullyyoucantakethem!2Staringatalaptopscreenforaprolonged（長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的）periodoftimenotonlydriesoutoureyesbutalsobeginstotakeatollonourefficiency.Ifyoufindyourselfstaringatthesameslideformorethan15minutes,takeanicewalkoutside!3Differenttypesofnutsaregreatbrainfood!Nutsofanykindcaneasilybeabsorbedintoyourdailymeals.Theygogreatwithmilkandsalads.Toaddinthenutritiousvalueofnuts,theyserveasasourceofprotein（蛋白質(zhì)）whilehelpingtoraiseHDL,the“goodcholesterol”（膽固醇)inourbodies.4Ifyou’reacoffeelover,tryswitchingitupfromtimetotime.Carbonatedwaterisagoodsubstituteeverynowandthen.Therearenocalories,comparedtoregularsodas（碳酸飲料),andthecarbonationaddsalittlefizz（嘶嘶聲）thatcanhelpkeepyouawakeandrefreshed.5It’seasytofeelnervousaboutmedicalpractice,butifyoukeepyourmindfocusedonthebigpictureandacknowledgewhatyou’vedoneinsteadofwhatyouhaven’t,yourmindsetwilltakeaturnforthegreatergood.Beingconfidentandstayingpositivechangesyourmoodandoutlook,makingtheworkloadmoremanageable.6Wemayhavesomethingcalled“puppytherapy”.It’simportanttohavesomethingthatis“yourthing”,somethingthatyouenjoydoingthathelpsyouconnectwiththeoutsideworld.Thatcanbeanythingthatcanrelaxyourmindandre-energizeyourbodywithouttakingahugemassoutofyourbusyday.23.Paragraph2_____24.Paragraph3_____25.Paragraph4_____26.Paragraph5_____A.ReducetheworkloadscheduleB.StareatthelaptopscreenC.EatsomenutsD.SubstitutecoffeeforahealthierdrinkE.TakeawalkF.Thinkpositive27.Healthandwellnessareneededin＿＿＿.28.Puppytherapyreferstosomethingthatactivatesyour＿＿＿.29.Toreduceanxietyofbecomingadoctor,youneedtosetyourmindon＿＿＿.30.It’sadvisabletoreplacecoffeewith＿＿＿.A.carbonatedwater B.nutritiousnutsC.amedicalcareerD.thegreatergoodE.bodyandmind F.anattentivemind【答案與解析】23.E 本文主要是提供一些有助于健康的建議。本段主要介紹長(zhǎng)時(shí)間盯著電腦屏幕會(huì)導(dǎo)致視覺疲勞，工作效率降低；如果盯著同一張幻燈片看超過了15分鐘，就該去外面走走了。E項(xiàng)是針對(duì)本段內(nèi)容所給出的建議。因此，正確答案為E。24.C 堅(jiān)果有很高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，是蛋白質(zhì)的來源之一，能幫助提高我們身體里的“好的膽固醇”的含量。C項(xiàng)是針對(duì)本段內(nèi)容所給出的建議。因此，正確答案為C。25.D 本段主要介紹蘇打水可以替代咖啡，和普通的碳酸飲料相比，它不含脂肪，發(fā)出的嘶嘶聲也能讓人保持清醒。D項(xiàng)是針對(duì)本段內(nèi)容所給出的建議。因此，正確答案為D。26.F 本段主要介紹從醫(yī)時(shí)很容易感到緊張，但是如果能專注于大局，認(rèn)識(shí)到你所做的事情，而不是還沒做的事情，你的心態(tài)就會(huì)向好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。積極自信的狀態(tài)會(huì)改變你的情緒和觀念，工作起來更得心應(yīng)手。F項(xiàng)是針對(duì)本段內(nèi)容所給出的建議。因此，正確答案為F。27.C 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。點(diǎn)睛：該段第一句話后半句提到，對(duì)于從事醫(yī)療職業(yè)而言，保持健康是十分有必要的。C選項(xiàng)與原文說法一致，因此，正確答案為C。28.E 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“puppytherapy”可定位至原文最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句話可知，puppytherapy指的就是能夠讓你大腦放松，恢復(fù)活力，又不會(huì)占用大量時(shí)間的事情。E選項(xiàng)與原文說法一致，因此，正確答案為E。29.D 定位：根據(jù)題干可定位至第五段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)第五段第一句話可知，從醫(yī)很容易感到緊張，但是專注于大局認(rèn)識(shí)到你所做的事情，而不是還沒做的事情，心態(tài)就會(huì)向好的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。D選項(xiàng)與原文說法一致，因此，正確答案為D。30.A 定位：根據(jù)題干可定位至第四段。點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)第四段可知，蘇打水可以替代咖啡，是一種很好的替代品。A選項(xiàng)與原文說法一致，因此，正確答案為A。第4部分：閱讀理解（第31~45題,每題3分,共45分）下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇 CoveringtheCostAllbyHimselfUniversitylifeisinnowaycheapinCanada.ItcostsPeterKemp,acomputersciencemajorattheBritishColumbiaInstituteofTechnologyinVancouver,C$18,000ayear.Amazingly,the21-year-oldiscoveringthecostbyhimself.Forthepastthreeyears,Kemphasdonearangeofpart-timejobstopayforhistuitionandlivingexpenses.Lastsemesteralone,heworkedfivejobsfor32-40hoursaweek.Lifeisbusy,butKempenjoysit.“Doingpart-timejobsgivesmeeconomicindependence,”saidKemp,whowillbeginhissenioryearthisfall.“Havingeconomicindependencegivesmetheabilitytotakecontrolofmylifeandmakemyowndecisions,”saidKemp.“Ithasalsohelpedmeunderstandthevalueofmoney.”AmongKemp’sfivejobslastsemester,twowereoncampus.Forone,hehelpedmaintaintheuniversity’scomputerlabs.Fortheother,heworkedattheITservicedesktohelpstudentsandteacherssolvetheircomputerproblems.HealsoworkedforasmallcompanythatdevelopsGPSsystems.ThisjobpaidhimwellatC$27anhour.“ThesejobsmademeputwhatI’velearnedinuniversitytopracticaluse,”Kempsaid.“Iaccomplishedcreativeandimaginativetasksbyapplyingmyabilitiestothework.”GoodtimemanagementskillshelpKempbalanceworkandstudy.He’satopstudentinhisclass.Andhewillbethestudentassociationchairmanforhisdepartmentbeginningnextsemester.It’sapositionthathehasdesiredforalongtime.“Itwillgivemetheopportunitytobethevoiceformyfellowstudentsandmakeadifference,”saysKemp.“Ibelieveoneofthekeysecretstojuggling（應(yīng)對(duì)）everythingistoavoidputtingofftasks.Thiscanleaveyoustressedandreducethequalityofyourworkandhealth,”hesaid.“IoftenmakealistofthethingsIneedtodoeachdayandrankthembytheirimportance.ThelisthelpsmedecidewhattaskIshoulddofirstandwhenIshouldcompleteit.Remembertoaskforhelpwhenyouthinkyoucan’tfinishsomethingontime,orcan’tfinishitbyyourself.”31.WhoisPeterKemp?A.AnAmericanstudent.B.AFrenchstudent.C.ABritishstudent.D.Acomputerstudent.32.Howdidhemanagetopayhistuitionandlivingexpenses?A.Hewonafewscholarships.B.Heborrowedmoneyfromhisparents.C.Hedidavarietyofpart-timejobs.D.Heobtainedcheaploansfromthebank.33.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdirectlymentionedinthepassageasanadvantageofhavingeconomicindependence?A.Ithelpsoneknowthevalueofmoney.B.Itgivesonetheabilitytocontrolhisorherlife.C.Itmakesoneunderstandthatlifeisnoteasy.D.Itenablesonetomakehisorherowndecisions.34.Kempisabletobalanceworkandstudyduetohis＿＿＿＿＿.A.goodmanagementoftimeB.strongwillpowerC.exceptionalintelligenceD.desiretobecomealeader35.Thephrase“puttingoff”inParagraph7means＿＿＿＿＿.A.performing B.fulfillingC.postponing D.finishing【答案與解析】31.D 點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段就提到PeterKemp是“acomputersciencemajor”，由此可知D項(xiàng)正確。避錯(cuò)：文章只提到他在加拿大溫哥華上學(xué)，并沒有說明Kemp的國(guó)籍，因此A、B、C排除。32.C 點(diǎn)睛：文章第二段提到他自己支付開銷，接著第三段就提到他做了大量的兼職工作。由此可知，他是靠做兼職支付自己的花銷的。33.C 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞economicindependence定位到第四段。點(diǎn)睛：文章第四段Kemp提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立，根據(jù)第四段第二句和第三句可知，經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立“givesmetheabilitytotakecontrolofmylifeandmakemyowndecisions”，并且“helpedmeunderstandthevalueofmoney”，只有C項(xiàng)沒有提及，因此選C項(xiàng)。34.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞balanceworkandstudy定位到第六段第一句。點(diǎn)睛：第六段第一句明確提到，良好的時(shí)間管理技能幫助Kemp來平衡學(xué)習(xí)和工作，因此本題選A項(xiàng)。35.C 點(diǎn)睛：：第七段第一句提到了應(yīng)付所有事情的秘訣。puttingoff前面的詞為avoid（避免），由此可知，應(yīng)該是避免拖延任務(wù)。同時(shí)分析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，A、B、D三個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思相近，只有C項(xiàng)意思不同，因此本題選C項(xiàng)。第二篇 TooManyAmericansHaveOut-of-controlHighBloodPressureNearly1in3Americanssuffersfromhighbloodpressure（hypertension）andmanyofthemdon’thaveitundercontrol,saysarecentstudyfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDCP).Accordingtothereport,mostpeoplewithuncontrolledhighbloodpressurehavehealthinsuranceandhadactuallyseenadoctoratleasttwiceinthepreviousyear,yettheirconditionremainedunmanaged.Havinghighbloodpressureisamajorriskfactorforheartdiseaseandstroke;hypertensivepeopleare4timesmorelikelytodiefromastrokeand3timesmorelikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewithnormalpressure,accordingtoCDCPdirectorDrThomasFrieden.Together,thosetwoconditionscausenearly1,000deathsadayintheUSandaccountfor$131billioninyearlyhealth-carecosts.Forthereport,researcherslookedat2003-2010datatoexaminehighbloodpressureawarenessandtreatmentamongadultswithuncontrolledconditions.Morethan20,000adultparticipantsansweredsurveyquestionsandreceivedaphysicalexam.Thedatasuggestthatsome67millionAmericanshavehighbloodpressure,andnearly36millionofthemdon’thavetheirconditionundercontrol.Amongthose,about14milliondon’tknowthey’rehypertensive,nearly6millionareawarebutnotreceivingtreatment,and16millionknowtheyhavehighbloodpressureandarereceivingmedicationforitbutstilldon’thavetheirpressureundercontrol.“Wehavetorollupoursleevesandmakehighbloodpressurecontrolapriorityeveryday,witheverypatientateverydoctor’svisit,”saidFrieden.36.Highbloodpressurewillcause＿＿＿.A.heartdiseaseandstrokeB.strokeandshockC.strokeandagingD.heartdiseaseandfacture37.Comparedwithpeoplewithnormalpressure,hypertensivepeopleare＿＿＿.A.3timesmorelikelytodiefromcancerB.4timesmorelikelytodiefromastrokeC.4timesmorelikelytodieattheiryouthD.3timesmorelikelytodieattheiradulthood38.HeartdiseaseandstrokeinAmerica＿＿＿.A.cause131deathsayearB.cost$1,000millionadayC.cost$131millionayearD.cause1000deathsaday39.Accordingtothedata,thenumberofAmericanswithuncontrolledhypertensionis＿＿＿.A.about67millionB.about36millionC.about14millionD.about6million40.DrThomasFriedenmightagreethathypertensioncontrolinAmericais＿＿＿.A.insignificantB.irrelevant C.uncertainD.urgent【答案與解析】36.A 點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)文章第二段第一句“Havinghighbloodpressureisamajorriskforheartdiseaseandstroke.”可知，高血壓會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病和中風(fēng)，所以本題選A。37.B 定位：根據(jù)peoplewithnormalpressure定位至第二段。點(diǎn)睛：由第二段中“hypertensivepeopleare4timesmorelikelytodiefromastrokeand3timesmorelikelytodiefromheartdiseasethanpeoplewithnormalpressure”可知，高血壓患者死于中風(fēng)的可能性是正常人的4倍，死于心臟病的可能性是正常人的3倍，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。38.D 點(diǎn)睛：文章第二段最后一句提到“thosetwoconditionscausenearly1,000deathsadayintheUSandaccountfor$131billioninyearlyhealth-carecosts.”，在美國(guó)，心臟病和中風(fēng)每天造成近1000人死亡，每年花費(fèi)1310億美元的醫(yī)療保健費(fèi)用。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。39.B 點(diǎn)睛：根據(jù)第四段第一句“Thedatasuggestthatsome67millionAmericanshavehighbloodpressure,andnearly36millionofthemdon’thavetheirconditionundercontrol.”可知，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，6700萬美國(guó)人患有高血壓，其中近3600萬人的高血壓未得到控制。所以答案為B。40.D 點(diǎn)睛：最后一段提到托馬斯·弗里登博士說“Wehaveto...makehighbloodpressurecontrolapriorityeveryday,witheverypatientateverydoctor’svisit”，我們要把控制高血壓作為每天的首要任務(wù)，每個(gè)病人去看每位醫(yī)生時(shí)都要注意這一點(diǎn)。由此可判斷，他認(rèn)為控制高血壓是緊急的，所以答案為D。第三篇 WalkingBarefootCanHelpPreventSomeInjuriesWalkingbarefoothelpstoimprovebalance,postureandpreventcommonfootinjuries,accordingtoanAmericanresearcher.PatrickMcKeon,aprofessoratIthacaCollege’sSchoolofHealthSciencesinNewYork,saysthemorepeoplegobarefootathome,intheofficeoroutside,thehealthiertheirfeetwillbe.Hebelievesthesmall,oftenoverlookedmusclesinthefootplayavitalbutunderestimatedroleinmovementandstability,similartothecoremusclesintheabdomen.Theresearcherexplainedtheirimportancebydescribingthecycleoffeedbackbetweenthelarge“extrinsic”（外在的）musclesinthelegsandfeet,thesmaller“intrinsic”（內(nèi)部的）musclesinthefeet,andtheneuralconnectionsthatsendinformationfromthemtothebrain.Whenthiscycleisbroken,itcanleadtooveruseinjuriesthatmostathletesarefamiliarwith.Shoescanalsohaveanegativeeffectonthiscycle,McKeonexplained.“Whenyouputabigsoleunder-neath,youputabigdampeningeffect（阻尼效應(yīng)）onthatinformation.There’samissinglinkthatconnectsthebodywithitsenvironment.”Withouttheinformationprovidedbythesmallmusclesinthefoot,thelargermusclesover-compensateandover-exertbeyondthepointoftheirnaturalabilitytomaintainandrepairthemselves.Andwhenthesemusclesarenolongerabletoabsorbtheforcesofactivity,theforcesaretransferredtothetendons（肌腱),bonesandligaments（韌帶),resultinginanincreasedriskofinjury.McKeonsaystheonlywayofreintroducingthislinkandreactivatingthecycleistotakeoffourshoesandstrengthenthemusclesinourfeetbywalkingbarefoot.41.Themorepeoplegobarefoot,＿＿＿＿＿.A.thebettertheyareatbloodbalanceB.thebiggersizeofsockstheywillwearC.thelongertheirlegswillbeD.themorelikelytheyareawayfromfootinjuries42.Thesmallmusclesinthefootareoften＿＿＿＿＿.A.comparedwiththecoremusclesintheabdomenB.comparedwiththecoremusclesforstabilityC.estimatedabouttheirfunctioninmovementD.overlookedabouttheirfunctioninmovement43.Mostathletessufferfrom＿＿＿＿＿.A.muscleinjuriesinthearmsB.overuseinjuriesinthefeetC.nerveinjuriesintheheadsD.boneinjuriesintheshoulders44.AccordingtoMcKeon,thebigsoleoftheshoesis＿＿＿＿＿.A.harmfultothefeetB.goodtothetoesC.helpfultothefeetD.favorabletothetoes45.Thesmallmusclesinthefeetareimportantforthelargermusclesto＿＿＿＿＿.A.absorbforcesB.strengthenthebonesC.preventtheover-exertionofthelatterD.activatetheneuralcycle【答案與解析】41.D 定位：根據(jù)題干定位至第一段。點(diǎn)睛：文章第一段提到赤腳走路有助于提高平衡能力、改善走路姿勢(shì)、防止普通的足部損傷。赤腳走路越多，腳越健康。由此可知，選項(xiàng)D正確。42.D 點(diǎn)睛：文章第二段提到“thesmall,oftenoverlookedmusclesinthefootplayavitalbutunderestimatedroleinmovementandstability,similartothecoremusclesintheabdomen.”足部的小型肌群常被忽視，但它們?cè)谶\(yùn)動(dòng)和穩(wěn)定性方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，然而它們的作用常被低估，類似于腹部的核心肌群。由此可知，D項(xiàng)正確。避錯(cuò)：文中提到similartothecoremusclesintheabdomen，類似于腹部的核心肌群，只是類比，并不是與腹部核心肌群作對(duì)比，所以A、B錯(cuò)誤。足部小型肌群的作用常被低估，C項(xiàng)說法有誤，故排除。43.B 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞mostathletes定位至第三段最后一句。點(diǎn)睛：文章第三段最后一句提到Whenthiscycleisbroken,itcanleadtooveruseinjuriesthatmostathletesarefamiliarwith.當(dāng)足部信息反饋循環(huán)被破壞時(shí)，就會(huì)導(dǎo)致多數(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員熟悉的過度使用性損傷。由此可知，多數(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員都忍受著足部的過度使用性損傷。所以本題答案為B。44.A 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞bigsole定位至第四段。點(diǎn)睛：由第四段中“Shoescanalsohaveanegativeeffectonthiscycle...Whenyouputabigsoleunderneath,youputabigdampeningeffectonthatinformation.”可知，鞋底對(duì)足部的信息反饋循環(huán)有很大的負(fù)面影響，選項(xiàng)A符合此意，故選A。45.C 定位：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thelargermuscles定位至最后一段。點(diǎn)睛：文章最后一段提到“Withouttheinformationprovidedbythesmallmusclesinthefoot,thelargermusclesover-compensateandover-exertbeyondthepointoftheirnaturalabilitytomaintainandrepairthemselves.”，如果沒有足部小型肌群提供的信息，較大肌群就可能會(huì)過度拉伸和過度使用而超出他們維持和修復(fù)自己的自然能力。由此可知，小型肌群提供的信息可以防止較大肌群過度使用，所以選C。第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46—50題,每題2分,共10分）下面的短文有5處空白,短文后有6個(gè)句子,其中5個(gè)取自短文,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置,以恢復(fù)文章原貌。USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreatyTheUnitedStateshastakenthefirststeptowardapprovingaglobaltobaccotreatythatpromisestohelpcontrolthedeadlyeffectsoftobaccousethroughouttheworld.HealthandHumanServicesSecretaryTommyThompsonsignedtheFrameworkConventiononTobaccoControl（FCTC）thisweekattheUnitedNations.＿＿＿（46)TheFCTCwasdevelopedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationandapprovedbymembersoftheWorldHealthAssembly,includingtheUnitedStates,lastyear.＿＿＿（47)Forinstance,cigarettessoldinthosecountrieswouldhavetohavehealthwarningsonatleast30%ofthefrontandbackofeverypack.＿＿＿（48）Italsorequiresbansontobaccoadvertising,thoughtherearesomeexceptionsforcountriesliketheUnitedStates,wheretheConstitutionprohibitssuchanoutrightban.＿＿＿（49）TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthattobaccousekillsnearly5millionpeopleworldwideeveryyear.IntheUSalone,about440,000peopledieeachyearfromtobacco-relatedillnesses;aboutone-thirdofallcancersintheUSarecausedbytobaccouse.Ifcurrenttrendscontinue,WHOestimates,by2025tobaccowillkillI0millionpeopleeachyear.Thetreatymustberatifiedbyatleast40countriesbeforeitcantakeeffect.＿＿＿（50)A.Theimpactofthetreatycouldbehuge.B.Countriesthatratify（批準(zhǔn)）itwouldberequiredtoenactstricttobaccocontrolpolicies.C.TheSenatemuststillapprovethetreatybeforetheUScanimplementitsprovisions.D.Tobaccostocksalsoperkedupasinvestorsdiscountedfearsoflitigation（訴訟）fromtheUS.E.Thetreatycallsforhighertobaccotaxes,restrictionsonsmokinginpublicplaces,andmorepromotionoftobaccopreventionandcessationprograms.F.Sofar,109countrieshavesignedit,and12haveratifiedit.【答案與解析】46.C 本段主要介紹了美國(guó)批準(zhǔn)煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的進(jìn)度和情況?？崭袂懊嬷v到美國(guó)衛(wèi)生和人類服務(wù)部部長(zhǎng)TommyThompson簽署了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議(FCTC)。C項(xiàng)“在美國(guó)能夠?qū)嵤┢錀l款之前還必須要參議院批準(zhǔn)這個(gè)協(xié)議?！苯又榻B美國(guó)批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議需要進(jìn)行的步驟，符合語境，因此本題選C項(xiàng)。47.B 空格前面提到批準(zhǔn)煙草控制框架性協(xié)議的國(guó)家為“WorldHealthAssembly”的成員?？崭窈竺娴谌我浴癋orinstance”開頭，由此可知第三段的例子是針對(duì)空格處的內(nèi)容。第三段主要列舉了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議下需要遵守的一些要求。B項(xiàng)“批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國(guó)家將被要求制定嚴(yán)格的煙草控制政策?！迸c上下文邏輯關(guān)系連接緊密，語句通順流暢。因此本題選B項(xiàng)。48.E 本段主要介紹了煙草控制框架性協(xié)議下需要遵守的一些要求。E項(xiàng)“這個(gè)協(xié)議呼吁對(duì)煙草收取更多的稅、限制在公共場(chǎng)所吸煙和進(jìn)一步推動(dòng)禁止煙草的計(jì)劃?！狈媳径沃黝}，并且與上下文連接緊密，因此本題選E項(xiàng)。49.A 空格處位于本段句首，為本段的主題句?？崭窈竺媸褂靡幌盗袛?shù)據(jù)說明了吸煙對(duì)健康的危害，引發(fā)癌癥和死亡。由此可知，本段主要介紹了吸煙的巨大影響，A項(xiàng)“這個(gè)協(xié)議的影響可能是巨大的。”符合語境，因此選A項(xiàng)。50.F 空格前面提到了該協(xié)議生效需要至少40個(gè)國(guó)家的批準(zhǔn)。F項(xiàng)“到目前為止，109個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)簽訂了這個(gè)協(xié)議，其中12個(gè)國(guó)家已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)了它?！苯榻B的是現(xiàn)在批準(zhǔn)該協(xié)議的國(guó)家數(shù)量，是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況的說明，符合語境，因此選F項(xiàng)。第6部分：完形填空（第51~65題。每題1分,共15分）下面的短文有15處空白,請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。EatHealthy“Cleanyourplate!”and“Beamemberoftheclean-plateclub!”JustabouteverykidintheUKhasheardthisfromaparentorgrandparent.Often,it’s______（51）byanappeal:“JustthinkaboutthosestarvingorphansinAfrica!”Sure,weshouldbe______（52）foreverybiteoffood.Unfortunately,manypeopleintheUKtaketoomanybites.Insteadofstaying“cleantheplate”,perhapsweshould______（53）somefoodfortomorrow.According______（54）thenewsreports,UKrestaurantsarepartlytoblameforthegrowingbellies（肚子).Awaiterputsaplateoffoodinfrontofeachcustomer,withtwotofourtimesthe______（55）recommendedbythegovernment,accordingtoaUKTodaystory.TheBritishtraditionally______（56）quantitywithvalueandmostrestaurantstrytogivethemthat.Theyprefertohavecustomerscomplain______（57）toomuchfoodratherthantoolittle.BarbaraRoils,anutritionprofessoratLondonUniversity,toldtheTimesthatrestaurantportionsizesbegantogrowinthe1970s,thesametimethattheBritishwaistlinebeganto______（58).Healthexpertshavetriedtogetmanyrestaurantsto______（59）smallerportions.Now,apparently,somecustomersarecalling______（60）thistoo.Therestaurantindus