中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)文法學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

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2011年中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解PartIGrammarandVocabulary（30points）

SectionA MultipleChoice（20

points）

Directions:Therearetwenty

sentencesintissection．BeneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B，CandD．Chooseoneofthemthatbest

completesthesentence.

1Nancy’sgone

toworkbuthercar’sstillthere.She_____bybus.

A.musthave

gone

B.shouldhave

gone

C.oughttohave

gone

D.couldhave

gone

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：Nancy去上班了但她的車還在這，她一定是坐公交走的。本題考查虛擬語氣的幾種情況。musthavedone表示肯定的猜測(cè)。should/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該做。couldhavedone本可以做。

2After_____

seemedanendlesswait,itwashisturntoenterthepersonnelmanager’s

office.

A.that

B.it

C.what

D.there

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：在一場(chǎng)看似無盡的等待之后，該他進(jìn)入人事經(jīng)理的辦公室了。因?yàn)閍fter后面缺少一個(gè)賓語，而seemed前面缺少一個(gè)主語，所以我們要選一個(gè)既能充當(dāng)after的主語又能充當(dāng)seemed的關(guān)系代詞，故選what。

3_____should

notbecomeaseriousdisadvantageinlifeandwork.

A.Tobenot

tall

B.Notbeing

tall

C.Beingnot

tall

D.Nottobe

tall

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：身材不高不應(yīng)該成為工作和生活中的一個(gè)嚴(yán)重劣勢(shì)。劃線部分為主語，不定式做主語表示將來，故排除A和D。非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定詞not應(yīng)該放在分詞短語的前面，故選B。

4Itisgoing

tobefinetomorrow_____.

A.Soisit

B.Soitis

C.Soitdoes

D.Sodoesit

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：明天天會(huì)好起來的。是的啊。此題考查語法、語序和倒裝。第一句話用的是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，橫線處也應(yīng)該是主系表，故排除C和D。Soitis表示進(jìn)一步的強(qiáng)調(diào)，說事情確實(shí)是這樣。soisit表示另一件事情也如此（同前面提到的事物性質(zhì)特點(diǎn)相同）。

5Whenthe

teachertoldtheboytositdown,he_____toherandsaidshecouldn’tmake

him.

A.gaveway

B.talkedback

C.lookedup

D.gotdown

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：當(dāng)老師叫男孩坐下，男孩頂撞了回來，說她不能拿他有什么辦法。talkback頂嘴。giveway讓路。lookup查閱。getdown從......下來；記下。

6Airandthe

sun’srayscreatemuchdistortion,andwhatevertendsto_____theirinfluence

isusefultotheastronomer.

A.exclude

B.eliminate

C.extinguish

D.impose

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：空氣和太陽的光線造成很大的扭曲，只要是能夠排除它們影響的辦法對(duì)天文學(xué)家是有用的。exclude排除。extinguish撲滅。eliminate消除。impose把……強(qiáng)加給。

7Through

exposuretoair,water,andorganicmatter,rocks_____changesknownas

weathering.

A.undergo

B.transform

C.undertake

D.suspend

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：通過暴露在空氣、水和有機(jī)物質(zhì)中，巖石會(huì)經(jīng)歷被稱為風(fēng)化作用的變化。undergo經(jīng)歷。transform變形；轉(zhuǎn)換。undertake承擔(dān)；從事。suspend暫停；懸浮。

8Atfirstit

seemedthatthebuildingwouldbeallrightbutlateritwasfoundtoneed

_____.

A.installations

B.innovations

C.modifications

D.illustration

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：這棟建筑初看是完好無損的，但后來發(fā)現(xiàn)它還需要改造。modifications改變；修飾。installations裝置。innovation革新。illustration插圖；說明。

9Therapidlygrowing

birthratebringsaboutalotofenvironmentproblems,whichthegovernmentis

supposedtotake_____.

A.significantly

B.severely

C.earnestly

D.seriously

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：迅速增長(zhǎng)的出生率帶來了許多環(huán)境問題，政府應(yīng)該予以重視。take...seriously是固定搭配，意為“重視；認(rèn)真對(duì)待”。

10Whichofthe

followingwordscanNOTbeusedtocomplete"We'veseenthefilm_____

"?

A.before

B.recently

C.lately

D.yet

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：我們以前（before）/最近（recently/lately）看過了這部電影。yet用在完成時(shí)中表示疑問或否定。

11Dueto

personality_____,thetwocolleaguesnevergotonwellinwork.

A.contradiction

B.conflict

C.confrontation

D.competition

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：由于個(gè)性上的沖突，這兩位同事從來都沒辦法好好相處。conflict沖突。contradiction觀點(diǎn)、意見、邏輯上的矛盾。confrontation對(duì)抗；對(duì)峙。competition競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

12Duringthe

summervacation,kidsareoftenseenhanging_____inthestreets.

A.about

B.on

C.over

D.out

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：暑假里經(jīng)常能看見孩子們?cè)诮稚祥e逛。hangout伸出；晾出；（與某人一起）出去玩。

13Therewere

150_____alltheinternationalconferencethissummer.

A.spectators

B.viewers

C.participants

D.onlookers

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：今年夏天的國際會(huì)議與會(huì)人數(shù)有150人。participants參與者。其余三項(xiàng)都表示觀看者。

14Astherewas

noroad,thetravelers_____uparockyslopeontheirwayback.

A.ran

B.hurried

C.scrambled

D.crawled

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：沒有路了，他們?cè)诜祷氐穆飞吓郎狭艘粋€(gè)石坡。scrambleup爬上。runup升起；沿著……迅速移動(dòng)。hurryup快點(diǎn)。crawl貼著地面爬行。

15Intheface

ofunexpecteddifficulties,hedemonstratedatalentforquick,_____action.

A.determining

B.defensive

C.demanding

D.decisive

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：面對(duì)意想不到的困難，他表現(xiàn)出行動(dòng)快速、果決的天賦。decisive堅(jiān)定的；果斷的。determining為determine的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，意為“決定”。defensive防守的。demanding費(fèi)力的；要求極其嚴(yán)格的。

16Sheonce

againwentthroughhercompositioncarefullyto_____allspellingmistakes

fromit.

A.withdraw

B.abandon

C.diminish

D.eliminate

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：她再次仔細(xì)地檢查了她的作文，以消除所有的拼寫錯(cuò)誤。eliminate消除；淘汰。withdraw撤回。abandon拋棄。diminish減少。

17Becauseof

theeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregionremained_____.

A.motionless

B.inactive

C.stagnant

D.immobile

【答案】C查看答案

【解析】句意：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，該區(qū)域的工業(yè)產(chǎn)出依然是停滯狀態(tài)。stagnant經(jīng)濟(jì)停滯；遲鈍；不景氣。motionless靜止不動(dòng)的。inactive不活躍的。immobile固定的；穩(wěn)定不變的。

18Thepolice

haddifficultyin_____thefansfromrushingontothestagetotakephotos

withthesinger.

A.limiting

B.restraining

C.confining

D.restricting

【答案】B查看答案

【解析】句意：警察們要把沖上臺(tái)和歌手合影的粉絲們攔住是有困難的。limit、confine和restrict都含有將某人或事限制在某一范圍內(nèi)的意思。此題考查固定搭配。restrain

from阻止。

19Joanisin

thedorm,puttingthefinal_____toherspeech.

A.details

B.remarks

C.comments

D.touches

【答案】D查看答案

【解析】句意：Joan在宿舍里，對(duì)她的演講稿進(jìn)行最后的修改。putthefinal

touchesto為固定搭配，表示“對(duì)某物進(jìn)行最后的潤(rùn)色”。

20His_____in

gamblinghaseventuallybroughtabouthisruin.

A.indulgence

B.habit

C.action

D.engagement

【答案】A查看答案

【解析】句意：他對(duì)賭博的沉迷最后毀了他。indulgence沉溺；放縱。habit習(xí)慣。action行為。engagement訂婚；約定。

SectionBErrorCorrection（10points）

Directions：Thispartconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,thereare

altogetherl0mistakesoneineachnumberedline.YOUmayhavetochangea

word,addawordordeleteaword.Markoutthemistakesandputthe

correctionsintheblanksprovidedontheanswersheet.Ifyouchangeaword,copy

it,crossitoutandwritethecorrectwordtoitsrightwitha"→"in

between.Ifyouaddaword,copythetwowordsbetweenwhichyouwilladda

word,putaninsertionmark（∧)betweenthetwo

wordsandwrite,themissingwordtotheirrightwitha“→”inbetween.Ifyou

deleteaword,copyit,crossitandputaslash（／)toitsrightwitha“→”inbetween.

Example：

【答案與解析】

1．in→for

（“for＋時(shí)間段”常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中。forquiteawhile在很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)。）

2．seventh→seven

（表示“每幾……”時(shí)，應(yīng)該用基數(shù)詞加上相應(yīng)的單位而非序數(shù)詞加單位。）

3．were→was

（主謂一致。本句主語oneineverysevendeaths應(yīng)和單數(shù)謂語對(duì)應(yīng)。）

4．now→then

（fromthenon為固定搭配，意為“從那時(shí)起”。）

5．the

（定冠詞the通常表示特指。在專有名詞等無需特指的名詞前面一般不需加the。）

6．imported→exported

（根據(jù)句意，本句中進(jìn)出口的對(duì)象是發(fā)達(dá)國家的抗菌素，所以只能是“出口”到發(fā)展中國家；此外，根據(jù)介詞to也可判斷應(yīng)將import改為export。）

7．a(chǎn)re→were

（本句顯然是在表示過去時(shí)間發(fā)生的事情。）

8．vanished→hadvanished

（從句的謂語動(dòng)作vanish發(fā)生在主句謂語動(dòng)作comeback之前，故而用完成時(shí)。）

9．better→worse

（根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)該是情況惡化而非轉(zhuǎn)好。）

10．constantly→constant

（此處形容詞constant做賓語補(bǔ)足語。）

PartIIReadingComprehension（40points）

SectionA

Directions：Readthefollowingpassagesthatarefollowedbysomequestionsrespectively.

ForeachquestiontherearefouranswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebest：answertoeachofthequestions

afterreadingthecorrespondingpassage.（30points）

Passage1

Demandsfor

strongerprotectionforwildlifeinBritainsometimeshidethefactthatsimilar

needsarefeltintherestofEurope.StudiesbytheCouncilofEurope,of

which21countriesaremembers,haveshownthat45percentofreptilespecies

mad24percentofbutterfliesareindangerofdyingout.

Europeanconcern

forwildlifewasoutlinedbyDr.PeterBaum,anexpertintheenvironmentand

natureresourcesdivisionofthecouncil,whenhespokeataconferencearranged

bytheadministratorsofaBritishnationalpark.Theparkisone；ofthefewareasinEuropeto

holdthecouncil’sdiplomafornaturereservesofthehighestquality,andDr.

Baumhadcometopresentittotheparkonceagain.Hewasafraidthatpublic

opinionwasturningagainstnationalparks,andthatthosesetupinthel960s

and1970scouldnotbesetuptoday.ButDr.Baumclearlyremainedastrong

supporteroftheviewthatnaturalenvironmentsneededtobeallowedtosurvive

inpeaceintheirownright.

Noareacould

be,expectedtosurvivebothasatruenaturereserveandasatouristattraction,

hewenton.Theshortviewthatreserveshadtoserve：immediatehumandemandsforoutdoor

recreationshouldbereplacedbyfullacceptanceoftheirimportanceasplaces

topreservenatureforthefuture.

"Weforget

thattheyaretheguaranteeoflifesystems,onwhichanybuilt-upareareaultimately

depends,"Dr.Baumwenton.¨Wecouldmanagewithoutmostindustrial

products,butwecouldnotmanagewithoutnature.However,ournatural

environmentareas,whicharetheoriginalpartsofourcountryside,haveshrunk

tobecomemereislandsina,spoiledandhighlypollutedlandmass.

1Recent

studiesbytheCouncilofEuropeshowthat_____.

A.itisonlyin

Britainthatwildlifeneedsmoreprotection.

B.allspeciesof

wildlifeinEuropeareindangerofdyingout

C.thereare

fewerspeciesofreptiles,andbutterfliesinEuropethanelsewhere

D.certain

speciesofreptilesandbutterfliesinEuropeneedprotecting.

2Dr.Baum,a

representativeoftheCouncil,visitedoneparticularBritishnationalpark

because_____.

A.hewas

presentingtheparkwithadiplomaforitsachievements

B.hewas

concernedabouthowtheparkwasbeingrun

C.itwasthe

onlynationalparkofitskindinEurope

D.itwasthe

onlyparkwhichhadeverreceivedadiplomafromtheCouncil

3Althoughit

isdifficultnowadaystoconvincethepublicoftheimportanceofnature

reserves,Dr.Baumfeltthat_____.

A.Peoplewould

supportmovestocreatemoreenvironmentareas.

B.peoplewould

carryonsupporting：thosenationalparksinexistence.

C.existing

nationalparkswouldneedtobemoreindependenttosurvive

D.certainareas

ofcountrysideshouldbeleftundisturbedbyman

4InDr.Baum's

opinion,atruenaturereserve_____.

A.couldnever

surviveinamodernage

B.should

providebuildingsforhumanactivities

C.shouldbe

regardedasaplacewherenatureisprotected

D.couldprovide

specialareasfortouriststoenjoy

5Althoughwe

alldependontheresourcesofnatureforoursurvival_____.

A.industrial

productsarereplacingallournaturalresources

B.itisonlyon

islandsthatnaturesurvives

C.wehaveforgotten

whatouroriginalcountrysidelookedlike

D.wehave

allowedareasofcountrysidetobespoiltbyindustrialdevelopment

【答案與解析】

1D從第一段最后一句“StudiesbytheCouncilofEurope,ofwhich21countriesaremembers,

haveshownthat45percentofreptilespeciesand24percentofbutterfliesare

indangerordyingout”可以得知有許多爬行類動(dòng)物種類和蝴蝶都面臨危險(xiǎn)和滅絕。

2A由第二段第二句“...Dr.Baumhadcometopresentittotheparkonceagain”可知Dr.Baum到這兒來是再次向該公園授予證書的。

3C由第二段末尾“Dr.Baumclearlyremainedastrongsupporteroftheviewthat

naturalenvironmentsneededtobeallowedtosurviveinpeaceintheirown

right”可知，Dr.Baum堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為自然環(huán)境需要平靜地存在，暗示出某些地區(qū)不應(yīng)該被人類打擾。

4C由第三段末尾“Theshortviewthatreserveshadtoserve：immediatehumandemandsfor

outdoorrecreationshouldbereplacedbyfullacceptanceoftheirimportanceas

placestopreservenatureforthefuture”可知，應(yīng)該充分接受自然保護(hù)區(qū)作為保護(hù)未來自然的區(qū)域的重要性，摒棄其必須為滿足人們對(duì)戶外游憩的直接需求而服務(wù)的短淺目光。

5D由文章結(jié)尾“Wecouldmanagewithoutmostindustrialproducts,butwecouldnot

managewithoutnature.However,ournaturalenvironmentareas,whicharethe

originalpartsofourcountryside,haveshrunktobecomemereislandsina,

spoiledandhighlypollutedlandmass”可知，我們每天必需的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品也是依賴于自然資源，但那些原本屬于鄉(xiāng)村和郊外的區(qū)域已經(jīng)變成了被開發(fā)殆盡的、高度污染的地面上的孤島。故A、B兩項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，而C項(xiàng)在這里不相關(guān)。

Passage2

Asweenterthe

eraoftheknowledgesociety,arecentsurveyof12OECDcountriesprovidesa

soberingthought：at

leastaquarteroftheadultpopulationfailstoreachtheminimumliteracy

levelsneededtocopeadequatelywiththedemandsofeverydaylifeandwork,

letalonestructuraleconomicandsocialchange.Soberingindeedanditisa

findingwhichposesaformidablechallengetoeducation,social,labormarket

andeconomicpolicies.InJanuaryl996theOECDeducationministersagreedto

developstrategiesforlifelonglearningforall.Theapproachhasbeen

endorsedbyministersoflabor,ministersofsocialaffairsandtheOECD

Councilatministeriallevel.Itisanapproachwhoseimportancemaynowbeclearer

thanever.

Theeconomicrationale

forlifelonglearningcomesfromtwoprincipalsources.First,withtheriseof

theknowledge-basedeconomy,thethresholdofskillsdemandedbyemployersis

beingconstantlyraised.Certainlyinrespectofskills,themigrationfromthe

farmtothefactorywaseasilyaccomplished,comparedwithwhatisrequiredfor

thetransitiontotheknowledgeeconomy.Obviouslytheriseinunemploymentin

manyOECDcountriessincethemid-1970sandwideningincomegapsinothersare

aproduct,ofthisknowledgeandskillgap.Individuals,withlowskillshave

beenandwillcontinuetobepenalized.Second,technologicaldevelopmentsdemand

acontinuousrenewalandupdatingofskills,ascareerjobswithasingle

employerbecome,rarerandasjobdescriptionsevolveanddiversifyrapidly

undershiftingmarketconditions.

Thereareirresistible

socialargumentsinfavorofpromotingeducationbeyondtraditionalschooling

andthroughoutadultlife.Thedistributionoflearningopportunitiesis

alreadyquiteunevenandthepolarizationbetweentheknowledge'haves'and

'havenots'posesanewandpressing—political—challenge.Apartfrom

unemploymentandwideningearninggapsthereareotherproblemstoo；thoseinsmallandmediumsize

firmsfindithardertogainaccesstolearningthanemployeesoflargerfirms

andingeneralwomenhavepooreraccessthanmen.Thesediscrepanciesgnawat

theveryfabricofdemocracy.Lifelonglearningstrategiescanplayan

importantroleinbreakingthecycleofdisadvantageandmarginalizationandso

reinforcesocialcohesion.Andlifelonglearningcaninstillcreativity,initiative

andresponsivenessintheindividual,andthereforedeliverbetterPersonal

economicsecurity.

1Whatisthe

findingthatbringsagreatchallengetoeducation,social,labormarketand

economicpolicies?

A.Arecent

surveyof12OECDcountries

B.Atleasta

quarteroftheadultpopulationfailtoreachtheminimumliteracylevels

C.Asobering

thoughtaboutstructuraleconomicandsocialchange

D.Aformidable

challengetoeducation,social,labormarketandeconomicpolicies

2Theapproach

ofdevelopingstrategiesforlifelonglearningforall_____.

A.hasbeen

approvedbyministersoflaborandsocialaffairs.

B.hasbeen

discussedbyministersoflaborandsocialaffairs.

C.hasbeenput

forwardbyministersoflaborandsocialaffairs.

D.hasbeen

turneddownbyministersoflaborandsocialaffairs.

3Thereisa

riseinunemploymentinmanyOECDcountriesandwideningincomegapsinothers

because_____.

A.theriseof

theknowledge-basedeconomydemandsworkerstohavemoreknowledgeandskills.

B.theknowledge

economyneedsemployertoraisetheirskills.

C.employers

migratefromfarmstofactories.

D.transitionof

theeconomyisneeded.

4Withthe

developmentanddiversityofjobdescriptions_____.

A.asingle

employerbecomesrarer.

B.employees

willhavetorenewandupdatetheirskillscontinuously.

C.market

conditionswillshiftrapidly.

D.employees

willworkforonebossonly.

5Insmalland

mediumsizefirms_____.

A.employees

findithardertostudythanemployeesinlargefirms.

B.womenare

poorerinlearningthanmen.

C.womenearn

lessthanmen.

D.employeeshave

fewerchancestolearnthanemployeesinlargefirms.

【答案與解析】

1B從第一段“atleastaquarteroftheadultpopulationfailstoreachthe

minimumliteracylevelsneededtocopeadequatelywiththedemandsofeveryday

lifeandwork,letalonestructuraleconomicandsocialchange.Soberingindeed

anditisafindingwhichposesaformidablechallengetoeducation,social,

labormarketandeconomicpolicies”可以得知這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是“至少有四分之一成年人口未能達(dá)到最低識(shí)字水平”。

2A由第一段末尾“InJanuaryl996theOECDeducationministersagreedtodevelop

strategiesforlifelonglearningforall.Theapproachhasbeenendorsedby

ministersoflabor,ministersofsocialaffairsandtheOECDCouncilat

ministeriallevel”可知該策略已得到勞工部長(zhǎng)、社會(huì)事務(wù)部長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)合組織部長(zhǎng)級(jí)理事會(huì)的認(rèn)同。endorse支持；批準(zhǔn)。

3A由第二段第二、三句“Certainlyinrespectofskills, themigrationfromthefarmto

thefactorywaseasilyaccomplished,comparedwithwhatisrequiredforthe

transitiontotheknowledgeeconomy.Obviouslytheriseinunemploymentinmany

OECDcountriessincethemid-1970sandwideningincomegapsinothersarea

product,ofthisknowledgeandskillgap”可知，失業(yè)率的上升以及收入差異的增大是來自于向知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的過渡階段產(chǎn)生的知識(shí)和技能差距。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4B由第二段末尾“technologicaldevelopmentsdemandacontinuousrenewalandupdating

ofskills,ascareerjobswithasingleemployerbecome,rarerandasjob

descriptionsevolveanddiversifyrapidlyundershiftingmarketconditions”可知，隨著市場(chǎng)環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)變下單一雇主變得越來越少、工作描述也更加多樣化，技術(shù)進(jìn)步要求員工不斷更新自己的技能。

5A由文章結(jié)尾倒數(shù)第四句“thoseinsmallandmediumsizefirmsfindithardertogainaccess

tolearningthanemployeesoflargerfirms”可知，中小型企業(yè)的員工不如大型企業(yè)的員工那樣容易獲得學(xué)習(xí)資源。

Passage3

Idonotthink

thatthereissuchathingasABSOLUTEreligiousorsacredmusic.Whatistrue

ofotherthingsinlifeistrueofmusic.Itisrelative.Whatistrueinart

todaymaybedeemedquiteuntruebythenextgeneration.Take,forexample,the

musicalconsonanceanddiscordoncerecognizedasessentialelementsinmusic.Modem

composersandmusiciansdonotrecognizetheoldorderofthings.TheGregorian

ChanthasbeenassociatedinChristiannationswithreligionforhundredsof

years,soitinvokeswithinusreligiousfeeling.Inanon-Christianlandthe

samechantmightre-usemartialsentiment,ifithadbeenusedthereforthat

purposeTRADITIONALLY.PlaytheGregorianchanttoanAustralianbushmanandit

maynotaffecthimdevotionallyatall-butacertaincrudemelodyofhisown

will.Atthesametime,hiswildmusicmayinspirefeelingsofaquite

differentnatureinothersinadifferentenvironment.

Thesameistrue

ofthemusicofdifferentmusicalinstruments.Thehornhasbeenassociated

withthechase.Whenwethinkofthechaseweinstinctivelythinkofthehorn.

Theguitarisassociatedwithromance—agondola（平底鞋）undertheRialtoinVenice,orayoungman

underawindowinSeville.Nowadays,weassociatewarwithtrumpetanddrum—the

instrumentsoffireandfury.ButinancientGreecethebardswerewonttolash

thecountryintofeverishmartialactivitiesbysingingandplayingonthe

lyre.TheGaelicbardsdidthesame.Now,thelyreistoUSaninstrumentof

tendertonesandromanticfeeling.

Duringthe

excitingdaysoftheFrenchRevolutionthesingingoftheMarseillaisewasthought

moredangerousbythoseinpowerthanincendiaryspeechesorweaponsofwar.It

inspiredpeopletomakesacrifices;itrousedthemtofightandtodie

fighting.Iamcertainthat,inacountrythatknowsnothingabouttheFrench

RevolutionorofthisgreatsongofFrance,theMarseillaisecouldbe

effectivelyusedforreligiousrevival.

Art,thenisinfluenced

byenvironment,education,andassociationofideas.Art,likelove,isastate

ofmindandheart,andtheartofmusicmoresothanotherarts.Theartsof

poetry,painting,andsculpturehavetangibleforms.Butmusicisformlessit

isallfeeling.Forthatreasonitisthemoredynamic,andproducesadeeper

emotionaleffect.

1Whatisthe

mainideaofthepassage?

A.Musicis

formless.

B.Musicis

relative.

C.Musicis

influencedbyenvironment.

D.Musicismore

dynamicthanotherartforms.

2Theauthor

mentions"themusicalconsonanceanddiscord"(inparagraph1)inorder

to_____.

A.illustrate

howpeople'sideachangeaboutmusic.

B.explainmore

clearlywhatmodemmusicis.

C.showtheold

orderofmusiccompositions.

D.demonstratewhat

weretheessentialelementsinmusic.

3Whichofthe

followingstatementsisNOTtrueoftheMarseillaise?

A.Somepeople

feareditmorethanweapons.

B.Itwas

popularduringtheFrenchRevolution.

C.Insome

countriesitwasusedforreligiouspurposes.

D.Itinspired

theFrenchrevolutionariestofightbravely.

4Comparedwith

otherartforms,music_____.

A.changesmore

slowly.

B.isless

ideal.

C.isnot

regardedassosacred.

D.hasgreater

associationwithone'sheart.

5Musicisthe

sameasmusicalinstrumentsinawaythatbothofthem_____.

A.are

traditionallysacred.

B.rare

absolutelyaffecting

C.inspire

people'sfeelingsdifferently.

D.producedeep

socialeffect.

【答案與解析】

1D文章第一段介紹了音樂審美的相對(duì)性，第二段提到樂器所能引發(fā)人們不同的聯(lián)想，第三段通過《馬賽曲》說明音樂的感染力是無國界的、其功能也是可以改變的，第四段以音樂的變幻無形作為結(jié)尾。由此可知A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都只是關(guān)注到了某一個(gè)方面，D項(xiàng)符合文章的核心觀點(diǎn)。

2A由該表達(dá)所在的上下文“Whatistrueinarttodaymaybedeemedquiteuntruebythenext

generation.Take,forexample,themusicalconsonanceanddiscordonce

recognizedasessentialelementsinmusic.Modemcomposersandmusiciansdonot

recognizetheoldorderofthings”可知，作者的目的是舉例說明一些舊時(shí)的創(chuàng)作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)放到現(xiàn)代已經(jīng)不合時(shí)宜了，表現(xiàn)音樂審美的變化。

3A由第三段可知，《馬賽曲》在法國大革命期間廣為傳唱，鼓舞著人們視死如歸地去戰(zhàn)斗，被當(dāng)局者視為比戰(zhàn)斗演講或者武器還要嚴(yán)重的威脅（thesingingoftheMarseillaisewasthoughtmoredangerousbythose

inpowerthanincendiaryspeechesorweaponsofwar），這里只是一種夸張的表達(dá)，并不是樂曲本人讓人感到恐懼。故A錯(cuò)誤。

4D由最后一段第二句“Art,likelove,isastateofmindandheart,andtheartofmusic

moresothanotherarts”可知，音樂在與人的心靈和精神的關(guān)聯(lián)上要比其他藝術(shù)性更為尤甚。

5C由第一段末尾和第二段開頭“Atthesametime,hiswildmusicmayinspirefeelingsofaquite

differentnatureinothersinadifferentenvironment.Thesameistrueofthe

musicofdifferentmusicalinstruments”可知，音樂和樂器的共同點(diǎn)是在不同的環(huán)境中激發(fā)迥異的感受。

SectionB

Directions：Readthepassagecarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsorcomplete

thestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.（10points）

Hardworkovera

longperiodoftimebringsgenuinetiredness,towhichbodyandmindeventually

makethenaturalresponseofsleep.Butlongbeforethispointisreachedwe

areoftenafflictedwithlassitude.Afteraday'swork,forinstance,wesettle

downinaneasychairtowatchtelevision.Beforelongwefeeldrowsyandnod

offtosleepperhaps,westayinfrontofthescreenallevening,

intermittentlydozing,untilfinallywedecidethatourday'sworkwasexhausting

andweretiretobedearly.Onanotheroccasion,afterasimilarday'swork,we

mayspendtheeveningplayingtennis,orbuildinganeededbookcase,ormapping

outaplannedadditiontothehouse,orindelightfulconversationwith

charmingfriends,withoutanyfeelingofexhaustionorweariness.Now,onthe

televisioneveningwerewegenuinelytiredornot?Andissuchanevening

refreshingorexhausting?

Thereisaneedfor

muchmorecarefulstudyofthenatureofplay,rest,andfatigue,andthe

relationshipbetweenthem.CyrilBurtcarriedoutanexperimentwithtwo

matchedgroupsofchildrenwhowereverybackwardinarithmetic.Onegroupwas

givenanextraarithmeticlessoneveryafternoonwhiletheothergroupslept.

Attheendofthetermthe"sleepers"hadimprovedinarithmeticmore

thanthosespeciallycoached.Ofcourse,therearemanyVariablesthatmightbe

causallyinvolvedhere,buttheresultsshouldmakeUSquestiontheassumptionthat

workistheproductivesphereand"play"theunproductivesphere.

Weallneedto

rest.Butinordertounderstandthekindofrestanorganismneeds,wemuststudy

thenatureoftheorganism.Afterrunningtocatchatrain,ourlungsare

overworkedandneedtorest.Thewayinwhichtheyrest,however,isby

graduallyreturningtothenormalrhythmofbreathing,notbystopping.Thisis

becausetheyarebuiltforaction.Similarlyeverythingintendedtoact,from

musclestominds,canfindrestinnaturalactionaswellasininertia."To

actinaccordancewiththehiddenlawofnature—thatisrest,"saidMariaMontessori,"and

inthisspecialcase,sincemanismeanttobeanintelligentcreature,the

moreintelligenthisactsare,themorehefindsrestinthem."Leisure

shouldberegardednotasanopportunitytocollapse,butasanopportunityto

seekoutwaysofactingthataresuitabletoournaturebutarenotencouraged

orpermittedbyourworkingconditions.

Questions：

1Fromthepart

dealingwithwatchingTVasawayofrestwecaninferthattheauthor

2CyrilBurt’s

experimentsuggeststhat

3Whatkindof

restdoesthewriterthinkmostbeneficialtous.

4Thephrase

"anopportunitytocollapse"means

5Whatisthe

writer'sattitudetoward"appropriaterest"?

【答案與解析】

66foundthe

boundariesbetweenplay,rest,andfatiguearequiteblurred.

（由第一段結(jié)尾和第二段開頭“Now,onthetelevisionevening

werewegenuinelytiredornot?Andissuchaneveningrefreshingor

exhausting?Thereisaneedformuchmorecarefulstudyofthenatureofplay,

rest,andfatigue,andtherelationshipbetweenthem”，可知看電視這個(gè)例子引發(fā)了作者對(duì)玩、勞、逸的定義和關(guān)系的思考。）

67workisnot

necessarilytheproductivesphere

（由第二段結(jié)尾“theresultsshouldmakeUS

questiontheassumptionthatworkistheproductivesphereandplaythe

unproductivesphere”，可知實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果應(yīng)該使我們質(zhì)疑工作是生產(chǎn)性領(lǐng)域而玩耍時(shí)非生產(chǎn)性領(lǐng)域的假設(shè)。）

68Toactin

accordancewiththehiddenlawofnature

（由最后一段第三句“Thewayinwhichtheyrest,

however,isbygraduallyreturningtothenormalrhythmofbreathing,notby

stopping”以及后面MariaMontessori的話“Toactin

accordancewiththehiddenlawofnature—thatisrest”可知，真正對(duì)我們有益的休息是按照體內(nèi)的自然規(guī)律去行動(dòng)。）

69Itmeans

interruptionofthenormalrhythmofourorganisms.

（由最后一段可知，休息是將身體機(jī)能逐漸恢復(fù)到一個(gè)常規(guī)的自然節(jié)律，而不是將其打斷、中止，給一個(gè)人在工作條件所允許或者鼓勵(lì)的情況下完全松垮掉的機(jī)會(huì)。）

70Agreeable

（通讀全文可知，作者雖然沒有直接表達(dá)出對(duì)該理論的態(tài)度，但就“什么是真正的休息”這個(gè)中心話題，只從正面列出了這一種理論。由此可以推斷，作者對(duì)這種理論至少是贊同的。）

PartIIIWriting（30

points）

Directions：Writeanessayofabout400words.

Inthefirst

partofyouressayyoushouldstateclearlyyourmainargument,andinthesecond

partyoushouldsupportyourargumentwithappropriatedetails.Inthelast

partyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakea

summary.Andyoushouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.

Markswillbe

awardedforcontent,o