北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語歷年真題及詳解

2003年北京航空航天大學(xué)考博英語真題及詳解PartI.ListeningComprehension(25%)（略）PartII.ReadingComprehension(30%)SectionADirections:Therearefivepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CorD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Passage1Forfarmershopingforahealthyharvest,thebestplacetoturnforhelpthesedaysistheMonsantoCorp.Oneoftheworld’sleadingbiotechnologycompanies—andlatelyapioneeringeneticallyengineeredseeds—Monsantohasbeenincorporatingflashytraitslikeherbicideandpestresistanceintoeverythingfromcanolatocorn.Butsuchsupercropsdon’tcomecheap.FarmerspayapremiumforMonsantoseeds,andtomakesuretheykeeppaying,thecompanyrequiresthemtosignanagreementpromisingnottoplantseedstheircropsproduce.Iffarmerswantthesamebountifulharvestnextyear,theymustreturntothecompanyforanewloadofseeds.WhilethisarrangementmakessenseforMonsanto,itworksonlyiffarmershonorit—somethingthat’sdifficulttopoliceintheU.S.andalmostimpossibleinthedevelopingworld.Now,however,Monsantohopestoenforcebiologicallywhatitcannotenforcecontractually.Withthehelpofclevergenescurrentlyindevelopment,futureMonsantocropsmaybedesignedwithanewfeatureinmind:sterility(不育).Nosoonerwillthecompany’splantsmaturethantheseedstheycarry,willlosetheabilitytoreproduce.FromMonsanto’spointofview,thesetofnewgenes—whichothershavenicknamedTerminator—isaperfectlylegitimatewaytoprotecttheirintellectual-propertyrights.Noteverybodyagrees.Letthenewsciencetakehold,opponentswarndarkly,andfarmerscouldfindthemselvescomingtoMonsanto,seedcupinhand,payingwhateverthecompanydemandsbeforetheycanplantthatseason’scrop.Worsestill,somedoomsdaystoriessuggest,pollen(花粉)fromTerminatorplantscoulddriftwiththewindlikeatoxiccloud,crosswithordinarycropsorwildplants,andspreadfromspeciestospeciesuntilfloraallaroundtheworldhadbeensuddenlyandirreversiblysterilized.Noseriousscientistthinksanythingsodisastrouswillcometopass.ForMonsanto,however,withatechnologyinitspocketandafightonitshands,thesituationisaboutasgrimasitcanget—atleastintermsofpublicrelations.“Fromamarketingperspective,it’spathological(病態(tài)的).Thisisaquestionofwhocontrolstheseedsoflife.”16．BeforeTerminator,farmers______.A.arerequiredtobuynewloadofseedseveryyearB.areoftencaughtbythepolicereplantingtheseedsC.canreplanttheseedsunderthepermissionfromMonsantoD.obeytheagreementssignedwithMonsanto17．AccordingtoMonsanto,theinventionofTerminatorwillNOT______.A.stopillegalreplantingofseedsinthedevelopingcountriesB.protecttheirintellectual-propertyrightsC.biologicallycarryouttheagreementswiththefarmersD.makeallplantssterilized18．Accordingtotheopponents,TerminatorwilldoallthefollowingEXCEPTthat______.A.TerminatorwillresultinraisingtheseedpriceB.TerminatorwillmakecornsnotmaturetobearseedsC.Terminatorwillcontaminateordinary,cropsD.Terminatorwillnotbepoisonoustootherplants19．What’sthetoneoftheauthortowards“Terminator”?A.Objective.B.Mildlycritical.C.Indifferent.D.Pessimistic.20．Thebesttitleforthepassagewillbe______.A.TheSuicideSeedsB.Monsanto-LeadingBiotechCompanyC.SterilityinBiologyD.AgainstNewScience【答案與解析】16．B 在Monsanto發(fā)明新品種Terminator之前，第二段提到itworksonlyiffarmershonorit—somethingthat’sdifficulttopoliceintheU.S，表明農(nóng)民們并未按照協(xié)議重新購買種子，而是留原來植物的種子，這使得美國警察很苦惱。17．D Monsanto發(fā)明Terminator是從自己的利益出發(fā)的，是為了阻止農(nóng)民重復(fù)利用種子，為了保護(hù)自己的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)和從生物學(xué)上保證條約的實(shí)施，選項(xiàng)D的內(nèi)容不是Monsanto考慮的范圍。18．D 文中第四段列出了反對者們的意見，他們認(rèn)為Terminatorplantscoulddriftwiththewindlikeatoxiccloud,crosswithordinarycropsorwildplants，選項(xiàng)D說Terminator不會(huì)污染其它植物不正確。19．B 從文中作者對Terminator的描述以及對其生產(chǎn)者M(jìn)onsanto的評價(jià)可以看出作者對之是持批評態(tài)度的。20．A 本文主要講的就是Monsanto生產(chǎn)的新種子Terminator，它具有不育的特點(diǎn)，并有可能危害其他物種，選項(xiàng)A能概括文章內(nèi)容。Passage2ThemoleculesofcarbondioxideintheEarth’satmosphereaffecttheheatbalanceoftheEarthbyactingasaone-wayscreen.Althoughthesemoleculesallowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough,theyabsorbsomelongerwavelength,infraredemissionsradiatedfromtheEarth’ssurface,radiationthatwouldotherwisebetransmittedbackintospace.FortheEarthtomaintainaconstantaveragetemperature,suchemissionsfromtheplanetmustbalanceincomingsolarradiation.Iftherewerenocarbondioxideintheatmosphere,heatwouldescapefromtheEarthmuchmoreeasily.Thesurfacetemperaturewouldbesomuchlowerthattheoceansmightbeasolidmassofice.Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide.Theburningoffossilfuelsandtheclearingofforestshaveincreasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears,andwecontinuetoaddcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere.Couldtheincreaseincarbondioxidecauseaglobalriseinaveragetemperature?Mathematicalmodelsthatallowustocalculatetheriseintemperatureasafunctionoftheincreaseindicatethattheanswerisprobablyyes.Underpresentconditionsatemperatureof－18℃canbeobservedatanaltitudeof5to6kilometersabovetheEarth.Belowthisaltitude(calledtheradiatinglevel),thetemperatureincreasesbyabout6℃perkilometerapproachingtheEarth’ssurface,wheretheaveragetemperatureisabout15℃.Anincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxidemeansthattherearemoremoleculesofcarbondioxidetoabsorbinfraredradiation.Asthecapacityoftheatmospheretoabsorbinfraredradiationincreases,theradiatinglevelandtemperatureofthesurfacemustrise.Onemathematicalmodelpredictsthatdoublingtheatmosphericcarbondioxidewouldraisetheglobalmeansurfacetemperatureby2.5℃.Thismodelassumesthattheatmosphere’srelativehumidityremainsconstantandthetemperaturedecreaseswithaltitudeatarateof6.5℃perkilometer.Theassumptionofconstantrelativehumidityisimportant,becausewatervaporintheatmosphereisanotherefficientabsorberofradiationatinfraredwavelengths.Becausewarmaircanholdmoremoisturethancoolair,therelativehumiditywillbeconstantonlyiftheamountofwatervaporintheatmosphereincreasesasthetemperaturerises.Therefore,moreinfraredradiationwouldbeabsorbedandreradiatedbacktotheEarth’ssurface.Theresultantwarmingatthesurfacecouldbeexpectedtomeltsnowandice,reducingtheEarth’sreflectivity.Moresolarradiationwouldthenbeabsorbedleadingtofurtherincreaseintemperature.21．Accordingtothepassage,thegreatestpartofthesolarenergythatreachestheEarthis______.A.reflectedbacktospacebysnowandiceB.concentratedatvisiblewavelengthsC.absorbedbycarbondioxidemoleculesD.absorbedbyatmosphericwatervapor22．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofthelasthundredyears?A.Fossilfuelswereburnedforthefirsttime.B.TheaveragetemperatureattheEarth’ssurfacehasbecome2℃cooler.C.Theamountofcarbondioxideintheatmospherehasincreasedmeasurably.D.Theamountoffarmlandworldwidehasdoubled.23．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetowardtheincreasingamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereanditsconsequences?A.Objectiveyetconcerned.B.Angryyetresigned.C.Completelydetached.D.Incredulous.24．Itcanbeconcludedfrominformationcontainedinthetextthattheaveragetemperatureatanaltitudeof1kilometerabovetheEarthisabout______.A.15℃B.－18℃C.2.5℃D.9℃25．Theprimary,purposeofthepassageisto______.A.discussthesignificanceofincreasingtheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphereB.warnofthedangersofcontinuedburningoffossilfuelsC.explainhowaconstanttemperatureismaintainedintheEarth’ssurfaceD.demonstratetheusefulnessofmathematicalmodelsinpredictinglong-rangeclimaticchange【答案與解析】21．B 從文中第一段allowradiationatvisiblewavelengths,wheremostoftheenergyofsunlightisconcentrated,topassthrough可以判斷大部分太陽能量集中在visiblewavelengths。22．C 從第二段Theburningoffossil…h(huán)aveincreasedatmosphericcarbondioxidebyabout15percentinthelasthundredyears可知過去的100年中，化石燃料的使用使得空氣中二氧化碳增長了15%，選項(xiàng)C說二氧化碳增加量是可度量的，符合文意。23．A 本文作者用數(shù)字計(jì)算客觀陳述了二氧化碳的現(xiàn)狀，從第二段Today,however,thepotentialproblemistoomuchcarbondioxide等處可以看出作者對其增加是充滿憂慮的。24．D 文中第三段說位于地面上方5到6千米的radiatinglevel溫度是-18℃，而每接近地面1千米氣溫就會(huì)上升6℃，通過計(jì)算可以得出距地面1千米的空氣溫度是9℃。25．A 本文通過數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算給出人們空氣中carbondioxide的增加狀況，并通過具體數(shù)字說明了其增加會(huì)帶來什么后果，選項(xiàng)A符合文意。Passage3Ourspeciesevolvedonthemove.Recentresearchontheeffectsofexerciseandtheconsequencesofsedentarylivinghasshownthatphysicalactivityiscrucialtotheproperprocessingoffoodsthatweeat.Infact,mostofthechronicandoftenlife-threateningailmentsthatbesiegeAmericansinepidemicproportionscouldbetemperedbyregularexercise.Amongthemareheartdisease,diabetes,highbloodpressure,arthritis,andosteoporosis.Butlet’sfaceit:mostpeoplearenotmotivatedtoexercisebywhatitmaydoforthem20yearsdownthepike.Whatgetspeoplelikemeoutmovingeverydayiswhatexercisedoesformerightnow,especiallyhowitallowsmetoenjoyeatingwithoutgaining.I,alongwithmillionsofAmericans,havediscoveredthatexerciseisthekeytopermanentandpainlessweightcontrol.Afterhearingadescriptionofmyusualdailyexerciseschedule—amorningrunorbikerideandaneveningswim,sometimeswithanhouroftennisinbetween—somepeopleremark,“Wouldn’titbealoteasiertoeatonelessbageladayandskipallthatexercise?”Myansweris,“Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun.”Here’swhyexercise,notdieting,isbestroutetoaleaner,lighteryou.Farbetterforyourhealthand,yourfuturetoloseprimarilyfatisinthefirstplace.Theonlywaytodothatisthroughexercise,whichusesbodyfatasitsmainsourceofenergy.Youmaynotseethatinitialrapid(butfalse)weightloss,butwhatyoulosewillbewhatyouwanttolose—fat,notmuscleorwater.Yourlosswillbepermanent,too.Ifit’sanyconsolation(安慰),studieshaveshownthatinmostcases,thefasterpeopleloseweight,themorelikelytheyaretoregainit.Slowloss,then,isthesecrettolastingsuccess.Ifyouwanttoloseweightfasterthanyoucanwithjustexercise,simplycombineexercisewithareduced-caloriediet.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,showedthatexercisecouldcounterthemetabolism-loweringeffectofalow-caloriedietinmanypeople,italsoseemstocurbtheadversecaloriceffectofagingonbodymetabolism.Whereasordinarilyyourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder(whichisonereasonpeoplegetfatterinmiddleageeventhoughtheydon’teatmore),ifyoucontinuetoexerciseregularly,youmaykeepyouryouthful,metabolicratebymaintainingamuscularbodyinsteadoflosingmuscleandputtingonpoundsoffat.26．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Theslowerpeopleloseweight,thelessLikelytheyaretoachievetheirgoals.B.Peoplewhoareondietmerelylosemuscleandwater.C.Regularexercisesmayreducethechanceofgettingcertainchronicdiseases.D.Physicalactivityusemuscletissueasitsmainsourceofenergy.27．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutweightcontrolisNOTTRUE?A.Theexerciseisthesecrettopermanentandsuccessfulweightcontrol.B.Combiningexerciseswithareduced-caloriedietmakesiteasiertoloseweightC.Healthyweightcontrolmeanslosingprimarilyfat,notmuscleorwater.D.Eatlessandskiptheexerciseisaneasyandeffectivewayoflosingweight28．Mostmiddle-agedpeoplegetfatter,mainlybecause______.A.theymadedietary,changeswhentheygrowoldB.oftheirsedentarylivingC.theydon’texerciseregularlyD.thechemicalactivityintheirbodythatusesthefoodtoproduceenergyslowsdown29．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EatingWithoutGainingB.Exercise-AnEffectiveWeight-lossToolC.MetabolicChangesinHumanBodyD.WaysofWeightControl30．Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.howtokeepfitB.howtoloseweightC.thebenefitsbroughtaboutbyregularexercisesD.exercisesanddiet【答案與解析】26．C 從文中第一段mostofthechronic…ailments…couldbetemperedbyregularexercise可推斷規(guī)律性鍛煉能夠減少患慢性疾病的機(jī)率。27．D 文中第二段作者說節(jié)食，但不運(yùn)動(dòng)，會(huì)Easier,yes,butnotnearlyaseffectivenorasmuchfun，可以看出選項(xiàng)D表述與文意不符。28．D 文中第四段給出中年人會(huì)發(fā)福的原因之一是yourmetabolismwouldslowdownasyougetolder，選項(xiàng)D意思是體內(nèi)用以產(chǎn)生能量的化學(xué)分解活動(dòng)速度減慢，與原文新陳代謝減慢符合。29．B 本文主要講述了regularexercise對健康和保持體形的作用，并指出與節(jié)食相比，它的有效性。30．C 文中敘述了regularexercises能保持健康，也能controlweight，選項(xiàng)C概括了這兩個(gè)方面，符合文意。選項(xiàng)A、B不全面，文章不是在論述運(yùn)動(dòng)和飲食的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)D也不正確。Passage4Researchershaverecentlyfoundaconnectionbetweendiseaseandstressfulsituations.Totestthistheory,psychologistsaretryingtofindalinkbetweenthebrainandtheimmunesystem.Theimmunesysteminourbodiesfightsthebacteriaandviruseswhichcausedisease.Therefore,whetherornotwearelikelytogetvariousdiseasesdependsonhowwellourimmunesystemworks.Biologistsusedtothinkthattheimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies.Recently,however,theyhavefoundthatourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem.Thisdiscoveryindicatesthattheremaybeaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactors,suchasstressordepression,andillness.Althoughmanydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof.Scientistshaveonlyrecentlydiscoveredhowthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunction.Beforethis,noonecouldseealinkbetweenthem.Asaresult,medicalscienceneverseriouslyconsideredtheideathatpsychol0~calfactorscouldcausedisease.Severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness,forexample,researcherswenttoanAmericanmilitaryschooltostudythestudents.Theyfoundthatthesickstudentstherehadalotofacademicpressureandwantedtoachieve,buttheywerenotverygoodstudents.Inasimilarstudy,researchersstudiedagroupofstudentnursesandfoundthatthenurseswhodevelopedcoldsoresweretheoneswhodescribedthemselvesasgenerallyunhappypeople.Inadditiontotheseresults,whichsupporttheirtheory,researchersarealsolookingforproofthatstresscandamagetheimmunesystem.Researchersstudiedrecentlybereavedpeople,i.e.,peoplewhoselovedoneshavejustdied,becausetheyaremorelikelytobecomeillordie.Byexaminingtheimmunesystemofrecentlybereavedpeople,theresearchersmadeanimportantdiscovery.Theyexaminedsomewhitebloodcellswhichareanimportantpartoftheimmunesystem.Theywerenotfunctioningproperly.Thefactthattheywerenotworkingcorrectlyindicatesthatseverepsychologicalstress,suchasalovedone’sdeath,maydamageanimportantpartofourimmunesystem.Thereisstillnopositiveproofofaconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.Researchersalsosaythattheresultsofthestudiesonbereavedpeoplecouldhaveadifferentexplanation.Forexample,bereavedpeopleoftensleepandeatlessthannormal,ormaydrinkalcoholortakemedication.Thesefactorscanalsoaffecttheimmunesystem.Moreresearchisneededtoclearlyestablishtheconnectionbetweentheimmunesystemandpsychologicalfactors.31．Thestudyonthemilitaryschoolstudentsindicatedthat______.A.lifeintheschoolwasverystressfulB.diseasecouldbecausedbypsychologicalfactorsC.thegoodstudentswerelikelytofallillD.stressoftenmadestudentsunhappy32．Theimmunesystem______.A.usedtobeunconnectedwiththebrainB.causesalotofstresstopeopleC.canbeaffectedbyemotionalfactorsD.functionsindependently33．Inthepast,manydoctors______.A.neverthoughtofanypossiblelinkbetweenstressandillnessB.hardlyconsideredemotionalfactorswhendealingwithapatientC.discoveredthatthebrainandtheimmunesystemfunctionedindependentlyD.foundthatdiseaseswerecausedbypsychologicalfactors34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Unhappinessmaycausedisease.B.Drinkingalcoholmaycausedamagetotheimmunesystem.C.toomuchsorrowisharmfultotheimmunesystem.D.Psychologicalstressleadsnaturallytothedamageoftheimmunesystem.35．Thetextmainlysuppliesinformationforansweringwhichofthefollowingquestions?A.Cantheimmunesystembeaffectedbyemotionalfactors?B.Whycanourbodiesfightthebacteriaandviruseswhichcausediseases?C.Howcantheimmunesystembeaffectedbyemotionalfactors?D.Whycan’tbloodcellsinbereavedpeople’sbodiesworkproperly?【答案與解析】31．B 第二段科學(xué)家們懷疑心理因素可能導(dǎo)致疾病，第三段指出severalrecentstudiesshowedaconnectionbetweenstressandillness，以美國一個(gè)軍事學(xué)校為例對該觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證，可以判斷選項(xiàng)B正確。32．C 第二段說生物學(xué)家曾認(rèn)為theimmunesystemwasaseparate,independentpartofourbodies，但最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ourbraincanaffectourimmunesystem，而疾病也和情緒有關(guān)，據(jù)此可以判斷情緒能夠影響免疫系統(tǒng)。33．D 第三段說manydoctorsinthepastsuspectedaconnectionbetweenemotionalfactoranddisease,theyhadnoproof表明醫(yī)生們認(rèn)識到心理因素和疾病產(chǎn)生有關(guān)，但是不能證實(shí)這一點(diǎn)，可以排除其他三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。34．D 本題可用排除法，文中敘述了unhappiness，飲酒無度和過度悲傷都可能影響免疫系統(tǒng)，心理壓力可能會(huì)影響，但并不是自然而然地會(huì)導(dǎo)致免疫系統(tǒng)的破壞。35．A 本文通過一些例子證實(shí)了情緒會(huì)影響免疫系統(tǒng)，是對選項(xiàng)A情緒是否能影響免疫系統(tǒng)的回答。Passage5Researchiscommonlydividedinto“applied”and“pure”.Thisclassificationisarbitraryandloose,butwhatisusuallymeantisthatappliedresearchisadeliberateinvestigationofaproblemofpracticalimportance,incontradistinctiontopureresearchdonetogainknowledgeforitsownsake.Thepurescientistmaybesaidtoacceptasanactoffaiththatanyscientificknowledgeisworthapursuingforitsownsake,and,ifpressed,heusuallyclaimsthatinmostinstanceitiseventuallyfoundtobeuseful.Mostofthegreatestdiscoveries,suchasthediscoveryofelectricity,X-rays,radiumandatomicenergy,originatedfrompureresearch,whichallowstheworkertofollowunexpected,interestingclueswithouttheintentionofachievingresultsofpracticalvalue.Inappliedresearchitistheprojectwhichisgivensupport,whereasinpureresearchitistheman.However,oftenthedistinctionbetweenpureandappliedresearchisasuperficialoneasitmaymerelydependonwhetherornotthesubjectinvestigatedisoneofpracticalimportance.Forexample,theinvestigationofthelifecycleofaprotozoon(原生動(dòng)物)inapondispureresearch,butiftheprotozoonstudiedisaparasiteofmanordomesticanimaltheresearchwouldbetermedapplied.Amorefundamentaldifferentiation,whichcorrespondsonlyveryroughlywiththeappliedandpureclassificationis(a)thatinwhichtheobjectiveisgivenandthemeansofobtainingitaresought,and(b)thatinwhichthediscoveryisfirstmadeandthenauseforitissought.Thereexistsinsomecirclesacertainamountofintellectualsnobbery(勢利)andtendencytolockdisdainfullyonappliedinvestigation.Thisattitudeisbasedonthefollowingtwofalseideas:thatnewknowledgeisonlydiscoveredbypureresearchwhileappliedresearchmerelyseekstoapplyknowledgealreadyavailable,andthatpureresearchisahigherintellectualactivitybecauseitrequiresgreaterscientificabilityandismoredifficult.Boththeseideasarequitewrong.Importantnewknowledgehasfrequents,arisenfromappliedinvestigations.Usuallyitismoredifficulttogetresultsinappliedresearchthaninpureresearch,becausetheworkerhastosticktoandsolveagivenprobleminsteadoffollowinganypromisingcluethatmayturnup.Alsoinappliedresearchmostfieldshavealreadybeenwellworkedoverandmanyoftheeasyandobviousthingsshavebeendone.Appliedresearchshouldnotbeconfusedwiththeroutinepracticeofsomebranchofsciencewhereonlytheapplicationofexistingknowledgeisattempted.Thereisneedforbothpureandappliedresearchfortheytendtobecomplementary.36．Inappliedinvestigation,______.A.researchworkersareallowedtofollowunexpected,interestingcluesB.scientistsmakeadiscoveryfirst,andthentrytouseitC.itisthemanwhoisgivensupportD.resultsofpracticalvaluearetobeachieved37．Somepeoplelookdownonappliedresearchbecausetheythinkthat______.A.itisakindofprearrangedinvestigationB.nonewknowledgecanarisefromappliedresearchC.itismoredifficulttogetresultsinappliedresearchthaninpureresearchD.nospecificscientificabilityisneededinappliedresearch.38．Accordingtotheauthor,     ______.A.theinvestigationofthelifecycleofaprotozoonisundoubtedlypureresearchB.purescientiststendtolookdownuponappliedinvestigationC.thediscoveryofX-rayswasmadeinappliedresearchD.theclassificationofresearchinto“pure”and“applied”isneitheraccuratenorimpersonal39．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.pureresearchandappliedresearchareequallydifficultB.appliedinvestigationrequiresgreaterscientificabilityC.appliedresearchisnotinferiortopureresearchD.inbothpureresearchandappliedresearchanyscientificknowledgeisworthseeking40．Whichofthefollowingmostaccuratelydescribesthepatternofthepassage?A.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandtheappliedandthenanalyzethereasonsfortheintellectualsnobberyandtendencytolookdownontheoneofthetwo.B.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandtheappliedandthenpresentshisownclassification.C.Theauthorfirstrefutestheclassificationofresearchintothepureandtheappliedandthenpointsoutthattheclassificationresultsfromtwofalseideas.D.Theauthorfirstpointsoutthepracticalimportanceofappliedresearchandthencriticizesthosewholookdownonappliedresearch.【答案與解析】36．D 本題可用排除法，選項(xiàng)A、B、C的內(nèi)容都是關(guān)于pureresearch的。37．D 文中第二段人們認(rèn)為appliedresearch僅僅研究已經(jīng)存在的知識；并認(rèn)為pureresearch是一項(xiàng)更高層次的智力活動(dòng)，因?yàn)樗鼘茖W(xué)能力要求更高，也更難，可以判斷他們認(rèn)為appliedresearch不能創(chuàng)造出新知識，新東西，并不是說它沒有科學(xué)能力，所以D項(xiàng)不正確。38．D 文章開篇作者就指出Thisclassificationisarbitraryandloose，可以判斷選項(xiàng)D符合題意。39．C 第二段說Thereisneedforbothpureandappliedresearchfortheytendtobecomplementary，意思是兩者不可或缺，因?yàn)樗麄兿噍o相成，由此可以判斷選項(xiàng)C正確。40．A 通讀全文可知作者先指出了對科學(xué)研究的兩種劃分，并表明了他的不贊成態(tài)度，隨后又解釋了一些人輕視appliedresearch的原因，選項(xiàng)A符合。SectionBDirections:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Would-belanguageteacherseverywherehaveonethingincommon:theyallwantsomerecognitionoftheirprofessionalstatusandskills,andajob.Theformerrequirementisobviouslyimportantonapersonallevel,butitisvitalifyouaretohaveanychanceoffindingwork.Tenyearsago,thesituationwasverydifferent.Invirtuallyeverydevelopingcountry,andinmanydevelopedcountriesaswell,beinganativeEnglishspeakerwasenoughtogetyouemployedasanEnglishteacher.Nowemployerswillonlylookatteacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskillsandattitudestoteachEnglisheffectively.Theresultofthishasbeentoraisenon-nativeEnglishteacherstothesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts—somethingtheyhavealwaysdeservedbutseldomenjoyed.Non-nativesarenowhappy-linguisticdiscriminationisathingofthepast.Anongoingresearchproject,fundedbytheUniversityofCambridge,askedasampleofteachers,teachereducatorsandemployersinmorethan40countrieswhethertheyregardthenative/non-nativespeakersdistinctionasbeingatallimportant.“NO”wastheanswer.AslongascandidatescouldteachandhadtherequiredlevelofEnglish,itdidn’tmatterwhotheywereandwheretheycamefrom.Thusanewformofdiscrimination—thistimejustifiedbecauseitsingledouttheunqualified-liberatedthelinguisticallyoppressed.ButtheCambridgeprojectdidmorethanjustthat,itconfirmedthattheneedsofnativeandnon-nativeteachersareextremelysimilar.41．TheselectionofEnglishteachersusedtobemainlybasedon______.42．Whatdidnon-naiveEnglishteachersdeservebutseldomenjoy?43．WhatkindofpeopleisnowmorelikelytofindajobasanEnglishteacher?44．Whatistheresultofthe“newformofdiscrimination”(Line5,Para.4)?45．Thephrase“thelinguisticoppressed”(Line6,Para.4)referstothosewhowere______.【答案】41．whetherthecandidatesarenativespeakersornot42．Havingthesamestatusastheirnativecounterparts.43．Teacherswhohavetheknowledge,theskillsandattitudestoteachEnglisheffectively.44．Itsingledouttheunqualified-liberatedthelinguisticallyoppressed.45．competentbutnon-nativespeakersPartIII.ClozeTest(10%)Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.Readthewholepassageandtrytofillineachblankwiththatbestfitsintothepassage.WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.UniversityPhysicsisintendedforstudentsofscienceandengineeringPrimaryemphasisisonphysicalprinciplesandproblem(46)_____;historicalbackgroundandspecializedpracticalapplicationshavebeengivenaplaceof(47)_____importance.Manyworked-outexamplesandanextensivecollectionofproblemsareincludedwithineachchapter.Inthis(48)_____edition,thebasicphilosophyandoutlineandthebalancebetweendepthoftreatmentand(49)_____ofsubject-mattercoverageareunchangedfrompreviouseditions.Wehavetriedtopreservethosefeaturesthatusersof(50)_____editionshavefounddesirable,(51)_____incorporatinganumberofchangesthatshouldenhancethebook’susefulness.Thetextbookisadaptabletoawidevarietyof(52)_____outlines.Theentiretextbookcanbeusedfora(n)(53)_____coursetwoorthreesemestersinlength.Foralessintensivecourse,manyinstructorswillwantto(54)_____certainchaptersorsectionstotailorthebooktotheirindividualneeds.Thearrangementofthiseditionfacilitatesthiskindof(55)_____.【答案與解析】46．solving 句意：首先強(qiáng)調(diào)的是物理定律和解決問題。47．secondary 和前面primaryemphasis相對應(yīng)。48．new 通過下文unchangedfrompreviouseditions可以看出，這是一個(gè)新的版本。49．breadth 和前面depth對應(yīng)。50．previous 保留的應(yīng)是上一版本的特征，前面也提到過previouseditions。51．while 表示對比關(guān)系。52．course courseoutline課程大綱，后面也出現(xiàn)過course。53．intensive 根據(jù)下文oralessintensivecourse…可得知答案。54．omit 根據(jù)下文tailorthebook對書裁減，可知此處應(yīng)為“省略一些章節(jié)“之意。55．flexibility 根據(jù)語意，這本書可以滿足不同需要，說明其具有適應(yīng)性和靈活性。PartIV.Translation(20%)SectionADirections:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.TotakeadvantageoftheInternet,someimpoverished(貧窮)countrieswillhavetogettheiroutdatedanti-colonialprejudiceswithrespecttoforeignin