新教材人教版英語高一上冊必修一welcome unit 語法公開課一等獎課件省課獲獎課件

WelcomeunitDiscovering

usefulstructures第1頁句子成份（一）句子成份定義：什么叫句子成份呢？句子組成成份叫句子成份。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定組合關系，按照不一樣關系，能夠把句子分為不一樣組成成份。句子成份由詞或詞組充當。

句子成份主要成份主語、謂語次要成份表語、賓語、定語、狀語補足語、同位語、插入語第2頁

英語句子基本構造能夠歸納成五種基本句型，掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握多種英語句子構造基礎。英語五種基本句型列式如下：一：ＳＶ（主＋謂）二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）三：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）第3頁主語

(Subject)

表達句子說是什么人或什么事。

是一種句子所論述主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe構造、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞背面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化形容詞和主語從句等表達。例如：1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（名詞）（代詞）第4頁3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化形容詞）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正主語為背面不定式）第5頁謂語對主語動作或狀態(tài)作陳說或說明指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語動詞位置一般在主語之后。中心語是動詞（或動詞短語）謂語predicateverb復合謂語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞原型連系動詞+表語（系表結構）簡單謂語一個動詞(或動詞詞組)第6頁簡單謂語一種動詞(或動詞詞組)IamwatchingTVnow.ShewenttoBeijingyesterday.復合謂語情態(tài)動詞/助動詞+動詞原型連系動詞+表語（系表構造）Whatdoesthiswordmean?You'd

bettercatchabus.Sheissobeautiful.Keepquiet,please.Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.第7頁Hedidn'tsayanything.Wearetalkingabouthim.-Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Ienjoybeingyourteacher.Theyaskedtoseemyidentificationcard.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Haveyousetdownwhathesaid?Shetoldmethatshewouldgoabroadthenextday.Showyourpassport,please.賓語一般用在及物動詞背面，表達行為動詞所包括對象。名詞代詞數(shù)詞動名詞不定式名詞化形容詞從句第8頁賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw后跟to，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save后跟for，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.第9頁表語說明主語身份、特性和狀態(tài)，常位于連系動詞(be,become,keep,seem等)之后。名詞代詞形容詞數(shù)詞動名詞/不定式介詞短語副詞從句Asiaisabigcontinent.Mysisteristhatgirlinred.Ifeelmuchbettertoday.Threeaddstwoisfive.Herjobissellingcomputers.Mytasktodayistopaintthewalls.Thepatientisoutofdanger.Thesunisup.Thisiswhathesaid.Itprovesthatsheisright.第10頁注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語狀態(tài)，性質特性和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表達主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：Heisateacher.2）連續(xù)系動詞用來表達主語繼續(xù)或保持一種情況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeepssilentatthemeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表達“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

第11頁注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語狀態(tài)，性質特性和身份等。

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表達主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表達主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,體現(xiàn)"成果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

第12頁定語相稱于形容詞，可修飾主語、賓語、表語、同位語前置定語He'satallman.fallingleavesfallenleavesboilingwaterboiledwaterTherearealotofbananatrees.Threethousandpeoplewatchedthegame.后置定語Thereisamanstandingatourschoolgate.Thereisamanwhostandsatourschoolgate.Maryisagirlhavinglonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.第13頁狀語是句子主要修飾成份，相稱于副詞，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞時間、地點、原因、結果、讓步、條件、方式、比較、目、伴隨…副詞：HespeaksEnglishverywell.不定式：Hecomesheretoseeme.介詞短語：IhavelivedinChongqingfortwentyyears.從句：Hewillgotobedwhenhefinisheshishomework.分詞：Havingfinishedthetask,hegoeshome.

第14頁一種句子由積極語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)，賓補則變?yōu)橹餮a。有些及物動詞接了賓語后意義仍不完整，還需要有一種句子成份來補充說明賓語意義、狀態(tài)等。賓語和其賓補組成復合賓語。補語補語是起補充說明作用成份。最常見補語有賓語補足語和主語補足語。賓補I’mgoingtopaintitpink.TommadeMarycry.Ifinditdifficult.主補Itwillbepaintedpinkbyme.MarywasmadecrybeTom.Itisfounddifficultbyme.第15頁

同位語（Appositive）對前面名詞或代詞做深入解釋，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做某些附加解釋，一般有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.第16頁句子成份練習題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.第17頁(二)選出句中謂語中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast第18頁⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book第19頁(三)挑出下列句中賓語

①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.第20頁(四)挑出下列句中表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.第21頁(五)挑出下列句中定語①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第22頁(六)挑出下列句中賓語補足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④Theycal