閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題答題技巧點(diǎn)撥

TipsOnComposingShortAnswers

閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題答題技巧點(diǎn)撥I.怎樣迅速找到信息在文中的位置(howtolocatetheinformationinthepassageinashorttime)1.按照段落（近三年高考）2.找關(guān)鍵詞（Passage1No.81）3.找同義替換詞或詞塊（Passage1No.83）錯(cuò)誤原因：1）離關(guān)鍵詞太遠(yuǎn)

2）顛倒因果關(guān)系

3）混淆總結(jié)與細(xì)節(jié)I.怎樣迅速找到信息在文中的位置(howtolocatetheinformationinthepassageinashorttime)1.按照段落（近三年高考）2.找關(guān)鍵詞（Passage1No.81）3.找同義替換詞或詞塊（Passage1No.83

）錯(cuò)誤原因：1）離關(guān)鍵詞太遠(yuǎn)

2）顛倒因果關(guān)系

3）混淆總結(jié)與細(xì)節(jié)II.如何縮小字?jǐn)?shù)(Howto

answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords)1.去細(xì)枝末節(jié)(Passage8No.81)

定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，從句2.改句式(Passage2No.3)3.注意上下文中精煉的同義替換詞（Passage4No.4）4.用代詞替換名詞（Thebuilderscompeteforthetitleoftallestbuildingbecause___________.）

注意：字?jǐn)?shù)相等的情況下盡量不用代詞III.回答問(wèn)題的格式（howtocomposetheanswer）What…?Why(Whatisthepurposeofdoing…)?How…?When…?Where…?N./Todo/DoingBecause/Becauseof/To

do…Bydoing/SentenceAt/On/In/DuringAt/In…IV.認(rèn)真審題，正確轉(zhuǎn)換信息。1.學(xué)會(huì)歸納、總結(jié)(Learntosummarize)No.83

Thereportalsoacknowledgesthathumanhealthconcernsarenottheonlysubjectraisedbythecoming-outofclonedfarmanimals.“Moral,religiousandethicalconcernshavebeenraised,”theagencynotesinadocumentaccompanyingthereport.Butthereportis“exactlyascience-basedassessment.”Itreports,becausetheagencyisnotauthorizedbylawtoconsiderthoseissues.Note:Answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.（Nomorethan12words）

83.Withtheappearanceofclonedfarmanimals,peoplecaremoreabout_________________problems.

Key:

humanhealth,moral,religiousandethical

小結(jié)：注意文中的信息詞學(xué)會(huì)歸納、總結(jié)

No.82

IftherewasafirstGoldenAgeofautomobile,itmaywellhavebeenthe1950s.Itwasanageofprosperity.Large,regularpaychecksencouragedthepublicdisplayofwealththroughcostlyitemssuchasnewcars.Americans,moreover,neededthosecarsastheymovedawayfromthecitiesintothesuburbs,wheresuchthingsasstores,jobs,andschoolswereseldomwithinwalkingdistance.Carsbecameessentialifpeopleweretogettoworkortothegrocerystore.

(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)82.Thatthecarindustryprosperedinthe1950sinAmericaresultedfrom_______________________.

Key:

(Americans’)large,regularpaychecksandlivingfaraway/livinginthesuburbs.Learntosummarize2010上海高考No.83Thewisdomofthenewapproachhassomescientificsupport．ResearchersattheUniversityofWisconsinhavedemonstratedhoweffectivethefit-for-lifemodelofgymclasscanbe．Theyobservedhow50overweightchildrenlostmoreweightwhentheycycledandskiedcross-countrythanwhentheyplayedsports．Theresearchersalsofoundthatteachingsportslikefootballresultedinless

overallmovement,partlybecausereluctantstudentswereabletositonthebench.

Anotherproblemwithsimplyteachinggroupsportsingymclassisthatonlyatinypercentageofstudentscontinueplayingthemaftergraduatingfromhighschool．Thenewmethodteachessellsthattranslatetoadulthood.

(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)83．Whatarethetwoproblemswithsimplyteachinggroupsports?

Key:Lessoverallmovementandfewstudentsplayingsportsaftergraduation.Learntosummarize2011上海高考No.82

Onesolutiontothisproblemwould,ofcourse,beto

structurelargeorganizationsintosmallerunitsofasizethatcanactasagroup.Byallowingthesegroupstobuildrelianceoneachother,largerorganizationscanbebuiltup.However,merelyhavinggroupsof,say,150willneverofitselfbeacompletesolutiontotheproblemsoftheorganization.Somethingelseisneeded:thepeopleinvolvedmustbeabletobuilddirectpersonal

relationships.Toallowfreeflowofinformation,theyhavetobeabletocommunicatewitheachotherinacasualway.Maintainingtooformalastructureofrelationshipsinevitablypreventsthewayasystemworks.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)82.Whatarethetwosolutionstothecommunicationproblemwithinalargeorganization?

Key:Structuringsmallerorganizationsandbuildingdirectpersonalrelationships.Learntosummarize2012上海高考No.82Thispatternofagesegregation(隔離)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,

thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955t01975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentt020.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsize.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)82.Besideschangesintheworkplace,___________________aretheothertwofactorscontributingtoadolescentpeerculture.

Key:

Schoolreformeffortsandthechangesinpopulation

2.轉(zhuǎn)換句式(TransformTheSentences)動(dòng)詞變名詞(Verb---Noun)整句變從句(Sentence---Clause)No.82AccordingtotheGlobeandMail,theprojectstartedoutasajokebyGripLimited,anadvertisingfirmthatworkswithPizzaHutinCanada,whoaskedthechain’sFace-bookfanstoimaginethepleasantsmellofafresh-deliveredpieasaperfume—andtonameit.FansrespondedtotheideasoenthusiasticallythatGripLimiteddecidedtotakethejokeastepfurtherandmaketheperfumeareality.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)82._______________________________pushedGripLimitedtoturnthejokeintoreality.

Key:Thefans’enthusiasticresponsetotheproject/idea/activity

2013閔行一模No.81Atpresent,inmanyAmericancitiesespecially,manyteachersinthepublicschoolssaytheyareunderpaid.Theypointtojobssuchassecretaryortruckdriver,whichoftenpaymoretostartthanthatofateacher.Inmanyotherfields,suchaslaw,medicine,computerscience,abeginningworkermaymakemorethanateacherwhohastaughtforseveralyears.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)81. WhataremanyteachersinthepublicschoolsofAmericacomplainingabout?

Key:

lowpay/beingunder-paid/notbeingwell-paid謂語(yǔ)變非謂語(yǔ)(Finites----Non-finites)

No.83Linden,whocommissioned(委托寫(xiě))abookonherfatherfromLifeBook,said,‘Ithasbeenawonderfulthing,bothformyselfandmyfather.Hewasquiteworriedaboutitatfirst,butonceitgotgoingheestablishedaverygoodrelationshipwithWill,hisinterviewer,andIknowtheyhadlotsoffunandlaughs.Hestartedlookingforwardtothemeetingsverymuch,someoneshowinginterestinhimoutsidethefamily.’(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTWELVEWORDS.)83.Linden’sfatherstartedtolookforwardtothemeetingswiththeinterviewerbecause_________.

Key:someonewasshowinginterestinhimoutsidethefamily非謂語(yǔ)變謂語(yǔ)(Non-finites---Finites)肯定變否定(Positive---Negative)2013徐匯一模No.81IfyouneedanotherreasontogivethanksatthedinnertableonThanksgivingDay,how’sthis:peoplewhomaintainanattitudeofgratitude”tendtobehappierandhealthierthanthosewhodon’t,accordingtoaninstructivearticlethisweekintheWallStreetJournal.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)

81.AccordingtothearticleintheWallStreetJournal,peoplewhodon’tmaintainan“attitudeofgratitude”tendtobe________.

Key:

lesshappyandhealthy

No.83Also,shesaysnotallstatesrequireP.E.teacherstobespeciallytrained.Untrainedteacherscouldbelesslikelytorecognizeunsafeconditions.

…

(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTWELVEWORDS)83.P.E.teacherswithoutspecialtrainingaremorelikelyto_______________________.

Key:

neglectunsafeconditions否定變肯定（Negative---Positive）Practice：2011上海春考No.84…However,inEuropeannationslikeFrance,governmentsareconsideringchangestopensionplans,whichmayaffectretirees’healthaftertheyleavetheirjobs－withlessofafinancialsafetynet,workersmaynolongerseemsomentallyandphysicallyhappytobeoutofwork.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)84.Retirementmaymakepeoplehappierwith_____________________________.

Key:

moreofafinancialsafetynetTipsOnComposingShortAnswers

閱讀簡(jiǎn)答題答題技巧點(diǎn)撥I.怎樣迅速找到信息在文中的位置(howtolocatetheinformationinthepassageinashorttime)1.按照段落2.找關(guān)鍵詞3.找同義替換詞或詞塊錯(cuò)誤原因：1）離關(guān)鍵詞太遠(yuǎn)

2）顛倒因果關(guān)系

3）混淆總結(jié)與細(xì)節(jié)II.如何縮小字?jǐn)?shù)(Howto

answerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords)1.去細(xì)枝末節(jié)

定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，從句2.改句式3.注意上下文中精煉的同義替換詞4.用代詞替換名詞

注意：字?jǐn)?shù)相等的情況下盡量不用代詞III.回答問(wèn)題的格式（howtocomposetheanswer）whatn./Todo/Doing/SentencewhyBecause/Becauseof/Todo…/SentencehowBydoing/SentencewhenAt/On/In/During…whereAt/In…IV.識(shí)別題目與原文之間的區(qū)別，正確轉(zhuǎn)換信息。1.學(xué)會(huì)歸納、總結(jié)2.靈活轉(zhuǎn)換

1)謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換

2)肯定與否定轉(zhuǎn)換

Thanks!CauseandEffectThechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn’tsomuchariseinbirthratesasafallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementinmedicalcare.theimprovementinmedicalcareariseinbirthratesafallindeathratesthepopulationgrowth1.notsomuch…as2.cf:asaresultof/asaresult2010年上海市高考

Physed(physicaleducation)ismakingacomebackasapartoftheschoolcorecurriculum(核心課程)，butwithadifference．Whilegroupsportsarestillpartofthecurriculum,thenewwayistoteachskillsthatareusefulbeyondgymclass．Insteadoflearninghowtoclimbarope,childrenaretaughttoliftweights,balancetheirdietsandbuildphysicalendurance．Inthisway，kidsaregiventhetoolsandskillsandexperiencessotheycanleadaphysicallyactivelifetherestoftheirlife.Consideringthat15percentofAmericanchildren6to18areoverweight,supporterssaymoremoneyandthoughtmustbeputintophysedcurriculum．Inmanycases,thatmaymeannotjustreplacingtheoldgym-classmodelwithfitnessprogramsbutalsostartingupphysedprogramsbecauseschoolboardsoften"putP.E．onthechoppingblock,cuttingitentirelyordecreasingitsteachers

orthedaysitisoffered,"saysAliciaMoag-Stahlberg,theexecutivedirectorofActionforHealthKids．Thedifferenceinphysedprogramsispartlyduetothelackofanationalstandard．"Physicaleducationneedstobepartofthecorecurriculum,"sheadded.Thewisdomofthenewapproachhassomescientificsupport．ResearchersattheUniversityofWisconsinhavedemonstratedhoweffectivethefit-for-lifemodelofgymclasscanbe．Theyobservedhow50overweightchildrenlostmoreweightwhentheycycledandskiedcross-countrythanwhentheyplayedsports．Theresearchersalsofoundthatteachingsportslikefootballresultedinlessoverallmovement,partlybecausereluctantstudentswereabletositonthebench.Anotherproblemwithsimplyteachinggroupsportsingymclassisthatonlyatinypercentageofstudentscontinueplayingthemaftergraduatingfromhighschool．Thenewmethodteachessellsthattranslatetoadulthood.(Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.)81．InthenewP.E．program,childrenlearntoliftweights,balancetheirdietsandbuildphysicalenduranceratherthan___.82．AsforP.E.,someschoolboardseither___.83．Whatarethetwoproblemswithsimplyteachinggroupsports?84．Whatisthelong-termbenefitofthenewP.Eprogram?8182838481.(learnhowto)climbarope82.cutit(P.E.)entirelyordecreasetheteachersorthedays83.Lessoverallmovementandfewstudentsplayingsportsaftergraduation.84.Theskillslearnedcantranslatetoadulthood.2011年高考

Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatorganizationsoflessthan200individualscanoperatethroughthefreeflowofinformationamongthemembers.Oncetheirsizegoesbeyondthisfigure,theorganizationsaregettinglessflexible.Soitseemsnecessarytopreventtotaldisorderresultingfromfailuresofcommunication. Onesolutiontothisproblemwould,ofcourse,betostructurelargeorganizationsintosmallerunitsofasizethatcanactasagroup.Byallowingthesegroupstobuildrelianceoneachother,largerorganizationscanbebuiltup.However,merelyhavinggroupsof,say,150willneverofitselfbeacompletesolutiontotheproblemsoftheorganization.Somethingelseisneeded:thepeopleinvolvedmustbeabletobuilddirectpersonalrelationships.Toallowfreeflowofinformation,theyhavetobeabletocommunicatewitheachotherinacasualway.Maintainingtooformalastructureofrelationshipsinevitablypreventsthewayasystemworks. TheimportanceofthiswasdrawntomyattentiontwoyearsagobythecaseofaTVstation.Whetherbychanceorbydesign,itsohappenedthattherewerealmostexactly150peopleinthestation.Thewholeprocessworkedverysmoothlyasanorganizationformanyyearsuntiltheyweremovedintopurpose-builtaccommodation.Then,fornoapparentreason,theworkseemedtobemoredifficulttodo,nottosaylesssatisfying. Itwassometimebeforetheyworkoutwhattheproblemwas.Itturnoutthat,whenthearchitectsweredesigningthenewbuilding,theydecidedthatthecoffeeroomwhereeveryoneatetheirsandwichesatlunchtimeswasanunnecessaryluxuryandsodidawaywithit.Andwiththat,theyaccidentallydestroyedtheclosesocialnetworksthatstrengthenedthewholeorganization.Whathadapparentlybeenhappeningwasthat,aspeoplegatheredinformallyovertheirsandwichesinthecoffeeroom,usefulinformationwascasuallybeingexchanged. (Note:AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANEIGHTWORDS.)

8182838481.Whatsizeofanorganizationmayleadtocommunicationfailures?82.Whatarethetwosolutionstothecommunicationproblemwithinalargeorganization?83.AftertheTVstationmovedintonewaccommodation,itsoperation____.84.FromthecaseoftheTVstation,wecanconcludeitis____thatmake(s)anorganizationmoresuccessful.81.Anorganizationofmorethan200individuals.82.Structuringsmallerorganizationsandbuildingdirectpersonalrelationships83.seemedtobemoredifficult/lesssatisfying84.theclosesocialnetworks/thefreeflowofinformation/thecausalcommunication2012秋考

Whilecontactbetweenadolescents(betweentheagesoffifteenandnineteen)andtheirpeers(同齡人)isauniversalcharacteristicofallcultures,thenatureandthedegreeofsuchcontactvaryagreatdeal.InAmericancontemporarysociety,adolescentsspendmuchmoretimewiththeirpeersthanwithyoungerchildrenoradults.Thispatternofagesegregation(隔離)inAmericansocietydidnotbecomeusualuntilthebeginningoftheindustrializedsociety.Changesintheworkplaceseparatedchildrenfromadults,withadultsworkingandchildrenattendingschool.Thedramaticincreaseofmothersintheworkplacehasfurthercontributedtothereductionintheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithadults.Schoolreformeffortsduringthenineteenthcentury,whichresultedinage-segregatedschoolsandgrades,havereducedtheamountoftimeadolescentsspendwithyoungerchildren.Finally,thechangesinpopulationareconsideredafactorthatmayhavecontributedtotheemergenceofadolescentpeerculture.From1955t01975,theadolescentpopulationincreaseddramatically,from11percentt020.9percent.Thisincreaseinthenumberofadolescentsmightbeacontributingfactortotheincreaseinadolescentpeercultureintermsofgrowthinsize.Researchsupportstheviewthatadolescentsspendagreatdealoftimewiththeirpeers.ReedLarsonandhiscolleaguesexaminedadolescents‘dailyactivitiesandfoundthattheyspendmoretimetalkingtotheirfriend