2022-2023學(xué)年江西省部分學(xué)校高一（下）期末英語試卷（含解析）

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2022-2023學(xué)年江西省部分學(xué)校高一（下）期末英語試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）A

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D.Consulttheguidetocheckavailabledate.BWhenaskedwhathisfatherdidforaliving,mysonexplainedtohiskindergartenteacherthat"hestealsthings,butit'sO.K.becausehegetspaidtodoit."

Hewasn'twrong.

I'mahacker,andIrunateamofhackers.WespendourdaysdiscoveringwaystobreakintoanythingthatcanconnecttotheInternet,toaccessinformationnevermeanttobeseen.Ifwegettoitbeforeacriminaldoes,thenwe'vedoneourjob.

I'mproudofwhatIdoforaliving,justlikedoctorsorlawyersareproudoftheworktheydo.InHollywood,hackersareoftendescribedashooded（戴著兜帽的）figuresindarkroomsinvolvedinillegalactivitywhiletappingkeyboards.Actually,hackersareexpertatprogrammingandproblem-solvingwithcomputers.Companieshirehackerstofindtheirbreakingpointbeforecriminalsdo.

Hackingisanactivity,andwhatseparatesanyactivityfromacrimeispermission.Driversarefreetodrive,buttheydonothavepermissiontodrive150milesperhour-that'sillegal.Bankerscantransfertheirclients'money,butiftheydosowithoutpermission,that'sillegal.

Hackingisn'taninherently（本質(zhì)上）criminalactivity.Someonewhoinvolvesintheillegaluseofhackingshouldnotbecalleda"badhacker"buta"threatactor".HackersarepeoplelikemeandmyteamatIBM-securityprofessionals.

Hackersplayacriticalroleinkeepingcompaniesandpeoplesafe.AtIBM，onethingmyteamdoesishackautonomousvehicles,planesandtrainstomakesurethateverypossiblesecurityweaknessisfoundandcorrectedbeforeeachmachineisshipped.Imaginewhatbadthingscouldhappenwithoutus.4.Whydidtheauthormentionhisson'swordsinparagraph1？______A.Toshowoffhisson'sintelligence.

B.Todescribethedailylifeinkindergarten.

C.Toraisereaders'interestinhisjob.

D.Toraiseaproblemofparent-childrelation.5.Whatisthecommonmisunderstandingofhackers？______A.Hackerscanbothbemalesandfemales.

B.Hackerscanensureacompany'ssecurity.

C.Hackersareusuallyconsideredascriminals.

D.Hackersareextremelyproudofwhattheydo.6.Whatdoweknowabouthacking？______A.Hackingisaninherentlycriminalactivity.

B.Permissionplaysanimportantroleinhacking.

C.Professionalskillsarenotnecessaryforhacking.

D.Hackinginvolvesbreakingintoshopsandhouses.7.What'sthepurposeofthepassage？______A.Tointroducethejobofhackers.

B.ToattractmorehackerstoIBM.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofhackers.

D.Tocomparehackingwithotherjobs.CRecently，IhadlunchwithayoungChinesestudentwhostudiesatacollegeinNewYork.HeisverybrightandambitiousandIenjoyedourconversation.StillIfeltupsetanduselessafterwardsbecauseIwasnotabletoprovidehimwithanygoodnews.Graduatingattheendofthisyear，heaskedmehowhecouldfindajobinthiscountryandfulfillhiscareerdreams.

Inrecentyears，studentswhofoundajobhereaftergraduationhavehadtogothroughacruellotterysystemtoobtaintheirHIBworkingvisa.Andthesuccessrateshavebeendecliningyearafteryearbecauseoftheevergrowingnumberofapplicants.Lastyear，therewere233，000applicants，andonly30percentofthemwerelucky，lessthanhalfoftheratein2013.

Anditcanonlybecomeworse.USPresidentDonaldTrump'simmigration（移民）policiesinthiscountryaretighteningupandthistrendwillcontinueforatleastthenextfewyears.Inthiscase，foreignstudentsstudyingsocialsciences，afieldinwhichstartingsalariesarerarelyabovetherequiredamount，cankisstheirvisahopesgoodbye.

ComparedtotheoldergenerationofChinesestudents，today'syoungpeoplenolongerconsidertheUSastheonlyoption.ManystarttothinkChinaoffersbetteropportunitiesinthelongerterm.

ThisisnottosaythatChinesestudentsintheUSarenotinterestedinjobopportunitieshereanymore.AfewyearsofworkexperienceintheUScangivethemwhentheyfinallylandbackintheirhomecountry.Butifthejobopportunitiesarelargelyreducedbythetighteningofimmigrationpolicy，Iexpecttherewillbeadecline.Andifthathappens，itistheAmericaneconomythatwillsufferfromthelossofthoseeducated，hard-workingandtalentedimmigrants.8.Theauthorfeltupsetbecause______.A.hewasnotinterestedinthetalk

B.hedidn'tfulfillhiscareerdreams

C.hecouldn'tprovidehelpfuladvice

D.hethoughtthestudentwasuseless9.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage？______A.ThelotterysystemforHIBworkingvisaistootough.

B.ChinesestudentshavenochoicebuttoreturntoChina.

C.PresidentObamaistighteninguptheimmigrationpolicies.

D.Fewerandfewerstudentsareapplyingfortheworkingvisa.10.Whatdoestheword"leverage"inParagraph5probablymean？______A.Advantage. B.Language. C.Ability. D.Education.11.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothetighteningofimmigrationpolicy？______A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Worried.DManyorbweaverspidershaveyellowishstripesorspotsontheirundersidesforagoodreason.Thatcoloryellowattractsbeesandfliesintoaspidersweb,anewstudysuggests.

Orbweaverspidersgettheirnamebecausetheyspinandsitoncircularwebs.Butthesespidersandtheirbrightcolorsseemcontradictory.Whywouldaspiderlooksonoticeable？Inthenewstudy,researchersexaminedifyellowcolorationonaspeciesofgoldenorbweaverspiders（Nephilapili-pes）attractstheirflyinginsectprey.FoundacrossAsia,thisspidersitsonitswebdayandnightwithitsundersidefacingopenspace.Theteamfoundmorethan250femaleN.pilipesinthewild.Theyremovedeachfemaleandeitherleftitswebemptyorreplaceditwithacardboardspider.Thesecardboardmodelshadpaperstripesofyellow,blueorblackcolorstucktothem.

Afteralmost1，800hoursofvideorecordingthewebs,theteamfoundthatduringthedaytime,theyellow-stripedmodelthatlookedlikearealN.pilipesattractedmorethantwiceasmanyinsects,includingbeesandfliesasanyotherfakespideroremptyweb.What'smore,theyellowcolorworkedjustaswellatnightattractingmoths,thescientistsreported.

Theteamthensearchedonlinezoologicaldatabasesforassociationsbetweenyellowmarkingsandpreyattractioninorbweaverspiders.Surveyingdozensofdistantlyrelatedspeciesshowedthatyellowstripesorspotsweremorelikelytohaveevolvedinorbweaverspidersthatsitontheirwebsinopen,brightspaces,wherevisualbaitsmaybemoreeffective.

Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhyinsectsareattractedtoyellowstripesonorbweaverspiders.Perhapsthepreymistakeaspiderforayellow-fleckedflower,ahypothesis（假說）supportedbythefactthatmostpreyattractedwerepollinators（傳粉者）.12.Whatmadethescientistsconfusedaboutorbweaverspiders？______A.Theirname. B.Theirprey.

C.Theircoloration. D.Theirwebs.13.Howdidthescientistsdothestudy？______A.ByfindingwildmaleandfemaleN.pilipes.

B.Byfillingeachwebwithacardboardspider.

C.BystudyingthestripesonfemaleN.pilipes.

D.Byusingfakespidersorleavingthewebempty.14.Whatdidthescientistsmostprobablyconcludeafterwatchingthevideos？______A.Insectsknewhowtoavoidanemptyweb.

B.Thespiders'stripescouldattractinsects.

C.Insectscouldbeattractedtodarkcolors.

D.Yellowmarkingsdidn'tfunctionatnight.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？______A.YellowStripesWorkfortheSpidersHuntingforFood

B.YellowStripesonOrbWeaverSpidersHaveEvolved

C.StripesandSpotscanEasilyDrawMuchmoreInsects

D.PreysareDrawntoSpidersonCircularWebsQuickly二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）第二節(jié)

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Smartwatchesandfitnesstrackers（健身追蹤器）havegainedpopularityrecently.Thesetoolscanrecordyourdailysteps，heartrates，etc.(16)Ifyes，itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker.

(17)Ityoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong，andifyoubegintoignorefriends.andresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout，thenyou'remostprobablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker.

It'sastruggletoovercometheaddictiontofitnesstrackers(18)Forexample，thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou'vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement.

Ofcourse，failingtomeetyourdailygoalcanbediscouraging.Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Anotherproblemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels.(19)

Therefore，ifyou'respendingtoomuchtimelookingatyoursmartwatch，limityourdailystepcounttoacomfortablelevel.(20)Forexample.concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocializingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings.

A.Don'toveruseyoursmartwatch.

B.Itdoesn'tconveywhatyou'rereallyfeeling.

C.Afterall，reachingadailystepcountcanbesoappealing

D.Howcanyoutellwhetheryou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker？

E.Actually，thisaddictiontostepcountcanberisky，mentallyandphysically.

F.However，doyoufindyourselfcheckingyourstepsandheartratestoooften？

G.Besides，youcanfindotherthingstodothatdon'tinvolvecheckingyourfitnesstracker.16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共15小題，共15.0分）PhysicalEducation（PE）isarequirementforallkidsinschool.(21)makingkidsdolapsaroundagymtrack,analternativeschoolinIowais(22)theirstudentstoearntheirphysicaleducationcreditsbyhelpingdisabledandseniorcitizens.

Atmosttraditionalhighschools,studentscanfinishtheirPEcourseby(23)sportsorotherafter-schoolactivities.ThestudentsattheAlternativeLearningCenterinDubuque,however,arebeingencouragedtosatisfytheirPE(24)bydoingyardworkforpeopleinthecommunitywhoare(25)todoitthemselves.

Thelearningcenterisspecificallydesignedforjuniorandseniorhighstudentswhoareatriskofdroppingoutof(26)schools.

Thompson,theteacherwho(27)theprogram,hasbeenmanagingthosevolunteerstudents'(28)workoverthecourseofthelastfewweeksandhesaysithasalreadyhadavery(29)impactontheteensaswellasthehomeowners.

"Thestudentscomeoutandhelptheminsweepingleaves,(30)weeds,cuttinggrass.Itjust(31)whattheyneed,"Timsaid.

"Thestudentsaren't(32)tooexcitedatthebeginning.Butoncetheygetinvolved（參與）and(33)doingtheyardwork,theybecomemore(34)，"headded."Whattheyreallylikeisto(35)people.Theyreallylikegivingbacktopeopleandmeetingtheperson."21.

A.Dueto B.Inspiteof C.Ratherthan D.Apartfrom22.

A.allowing B.commanding C.expecting D.persuading23.

A.arranging B.pursuing C.managing D.recommending24.

A.requirements B.tasks C.appetite D.curiosity25.

A.unwilling B.unaware C.unable D.unskilled26.

A.professional B.summer C.training D.traditional27.

A.assessed B.launched C.approved D.found28.

A.yard B.classroom C.field D.repair29.

A.emotional B.intellectual C.remarkable D.external30.

A.growing B.pulling C.spreading D.burning31.

A.resultsin B.makesout C.seeksfor D.dependson32.

A.gradually B.typically C.steadily D.constantly33.

A.start B.advocate C.admit D.continue34.

A.patient B.energetic C.interested D.generous35.

A.influence B.attract C.observe D.help四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）36.Englishisalanguage（1）______（speak）allaroundtheworld.Therearemorethanfortycountries（2）______themajority（大多數(shù)）ofthepeoplespeakEnglish.MostnativespeakersofEnglish（3）______（find）intheUnitedKingdom，theUnitedStatesofAmerica，Canada，andAustralia.Intotal，formorethan375millionpeopleEnglishistheirmothertongue.（4）______equalnumberofpeoplelearnEnglishasasecondlanguage.However，thenumberofpeoplewholearnEnglishasaforeignlanguage（5）______（be）morethan750million.MostpeoplelearnEnglishforfiveorsixyearsathighschool.

Inonlyfiftyyears，Englishhasdevelopedintothelanguagemost（6）______（wide）spokenandusedintheworld.Itistheworkinglanguageofmostinternationalorganizations.ForeignstaffinChinaarenotrequested（7）______（learn）Chinese.Chinesebusinessmen，taxidriversandstudentscantalkwiththem（8）______（use）English.Englishisalsothelanguageofglobalculture，suchaspopularmusicandtheInternet.YoucanlistentoEnglish（9）______（program）overtheradiooruseEnglishtocommunicatewithpeoplearoundtheworldthroughtheInternet.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday，（10）______willbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、書面表達(dá)（本大題共2小題，共40.0分）37.假如你是李華，你的英國朋友Peter參與策劃校園"中國文化節(jié)"，來信請你推薦一些活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。現(xiàn)請你給他回復(fù)一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.活動(dòng)項(xiàng)目名稱；2.推薦理由；3.預(yù)?；顒?dòng)成功。

注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。(1)(2)(3)38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Mykneesstartedshaking,yetmybodyfroze；itfeltasthoughmysouldeparted（離開）mybodyandIhadnocontroloverit.Anxiously,Ilookedthroughthenamelistpostedonthewallofthelockerroom；myheartwasbeatingharderandharderasIslowlysawallmyfriends'namesonthatlistbutcouldnotfindmine.John,Bryce,Ro,Ithought,everybodyisonhereexceptme.Atthatmoment,Ifroze；IjustcouldnotacceptthatallmyfriendswereonthebasketballteambutIwasnot.

IwassoconvincedtherewasamistakethatIwentandfoundthecoach."Heycoach,areyousurethatthenamelistyoupostediscorrect？"Iaskedanxiously.

"Yes.Sorryifyoudidnotmakeitthisyear.Thereisalwaysnextyear,"thecoachrepliedwithouttheslightestbitofregret.

Icouldfeelthehot,bittertearsbuildinginmyeyes,andIranoutoftheroomasfastasIcould.AssoonasIwalkedout,Isawmyfriendscrowdingintothelockerroomtolookattheteamlist.IheardthemshoutingandlaughingasIslowlywalkedaway,everyoneofthemjumpingaroundwithexcitementafterseeingthattheymadetheteam.

Ifeltdeadinside,likenothingmattered.Itrudged（步履艱難）throughtherestofschool；walkingwassuchaburdenthatitfeltasifIhada100-poundweighttiedtomybackpack.Mymindwasalsoblankfortherestoftheschoolday；everythingmyteacherssaidwentmoneearandouttheother.

Afterschool,asIwalkedtotheparkinglottogetpickedup,Isawallmyfriendsgatherednearthebackofthelot,celebratingandjokingaround.Idetoured（繞道）aroundthesideoftheschooltoavoidthem,tryingnottothinkaboutbeingoneoftheonlypeopleinourfriendgrouptonotmaketheteam.

注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。

2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Isawmyfather'sredcarpullupneartheschoollot.__________

Afteralmostayearoftraining,Itriedoutformyseventh-gradeteam.___________

答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、D、A【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了五星級(jí)黃石之旅的具體細(xì)節(jié)和注意事項(xiàng)。

1.

根據(jù)Toursnapshot部分中的TakingCovid-19safetymeasures:Clickhere（采取新冠肺炎安全措施：點(diǎn)擊此處）可知，這篇文章可能來自一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選B。2.

根據(jù)文章第二段中的Thistour'smainfocusisonthewidevarietyofwildlife,Yellowstone'srichhistoriclandscapesaswellasthefascinatingprospectformedbytheyellowstoneSupervolcanoforovermillionsofyears.（本次游覽的重點(diǎn)是種類繁多的野生動(dòng)物、黃石公園豐富的歷史景觀以及黃石超級(jí)火山數(shù)百萬年來形成的迷人景觀）可知，關(guān)于這次旅行我們能知道它突出了野生動(dòng)物、歷史景觀和火山景觀。故選D。

3.

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段Totalfees:$300peradult(age13—99);40%discount(age1—12)（總費(fèi)用：每位成人300美元（13—99歲）；40%折扣（1—12歲））可知，你應(yīng)該為預(yù)訂做的事情是為每個(gè)孩子支付300×（1-40%）=180美元。故選A。4~7.【答案】C、C、B、A【解析】（1）C.推理判斷題。由第一段"Whenaskedwhathisfatherdidforaliving,mysonexplainedtohiskindergartenteacherthat"hestealsthings,butit'sO.K.becausehegetspaidtodoit."（當(dāng)我兒子被問到他父親是做什么工作的時(shí)候，他向他的幼兒園老師解釋說"他偷東西，但是沒關(guān)系，因?yàn)樗强客禆|西掙錢的"。）和第二段"Hewasn'twrong."（他沒錯(cuò)。）可知，作者提到當(dāng)兒子被問到父親是做什么工作時(shí)，兒子說作者是偷東西的，作者這樣寫是為了激起讀者對作者工作的興趣，故選C。

（2）C.推理判斷題。由第四段"InHollywood,hackersareoftendescribedashooded（戴著兜帽的）figuresindarkroomsinvolvedinillegalactivitywhiletappingkeyboards."（在好萊塢，黑客通常被描述為在黑暗的房間里，身穿連帽衫，進(jìn)行非法活動(dòng)，同時(shí)竊聽電腦鍵盤的人。）可推斷出，對于黑客普遍的誤解是黑客經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是罪犯，故選C。

（3）B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段"Hackingisanactivity,andwhatseparatesanyactivityfromacrimeispermission."（黑客行為是一種活動(dòng)，任何一種活動(dòng)與犯罪的區(qū)別在于是否得到許可。）可知，得到允許對于黑客這個(gè)工作來說是非常重要的。選項(xiàng)B"Permissionplaysanimportantroleinhacking."（得到許可在黑客行為中起著重要作用。）符合，故選B。

（4）A.目的意圖題。分析文章可知，文章開頭作者介紹了作者的工作是黑客，接著介紹了具體解釋了黑客這個(gè)工作的具體內(nèi)容，并不是像人們普遍誤解的那樣是一種違法行為，而是一種得到許可的合法行為。根據(jù)最后一段"Hackersplayacriticalroleinkeepingcompaniesandpeoplesafe.AtIBM，onethingmyteamdoesishackautonomousvehicles,planesandtrainstomakesurethateverypossiblesecurityweaknessisfoundandcorrectedbeforeeachmachineisshipped.Imaginewhatbadthingscouldhappenwithoutus."（黑客在保護(hù)公司和個(gè)人安全方面扮演著重要角色。在IBM公司，我的團(tuán)隊(duì)做的一件事就是黑進(jìn)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車，飛機(jī)和火車，以確保在每臺(tái)機(jī)器上市前，發(fā)現(xiàn)并糾正所有可能的安全漏洞。想象一下沒有我們會(huì)發(fā)生什么糟糕的事情。）可推斷出，文章的主要目的是介紹黑客這種工作，故選A。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了作者的工作是黑客，但是黑客這個(gè)工作的具體內(nèi)容，并不是像人們普遍誤解的那樣是一種違法行為，而是一種得到許可的合法行為。

做這類題材閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。8~11.【答案】C、A、A、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Still

I

felt

upset

and

useless

afterwards

because

I

was

not

able

to

provide

him

with

any

good

news.

（然而，事后我仍然感到沮喪和無用，因?yàn)槲覠o法向他提供任何好消息）可知，作者感到沮喪是因?yàn)樗荒芙o那個(gè)中國大學(xué)生有益的建議。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的In

recent

years，students

who

found

a

job

here

after

graduation

have

had

to

go

through

a

cruel

lottery

system

to

obtain

their

HIB

working

visa.

（近年來，畢業(yè)后在這里找到工作的學(xué)生必須通過殘酷的抽簽制度才能獲得HIB工作簽證）可知，"HIB工作簽證的抽簽制度過于艱難"正確。故選A項(xiàng)。

（3）詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段的A

few

years

of

work

experience

in

the

US

can

give

them

leverage

when

they

finally

land

back

in

their

home

country.

（在美國幾年的工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以讓他們在最終回到自己的國家時(shí)發(fā)揮____）可知，留學(xué)生回國就業(yè)后，海外工作經(jīng)歷是一種優(yōu)勢，leverage意為"優(yōu)勢"。A.Advantage.優(yōu)勢；B.Language.語言；C.Ability.能力；D.Education.教育。故選A項(xiàng)。

（4）情感態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第五段的But

if

the

job

opportunities

are

largely

reduced

by

the

tightening

of

immigration

policy，I

expect

there

will

be

a

decline.And

if

that

happens，it

is

the

American

economy

that

will

suffer

from

the

loss

of

those

educated，hard-working

and

talented

immigrants.

（但如果移民政策收緊導(dǎo)致就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)大幅減少，我預(yù)計(jì)就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)下降。如果這種情況發(fā)生，美國經(jīng)濟(jì)將因那些受過教育、勤奮和有才華的移民的流失而遭受損失）可知，移民政策收緊將會(huì)帶來不利影響，可得出作者對更加嚴(yán)格的移民政策感到擔(dān)心。A.Doubtful.懷疑的；B.Supportive.支持的；C.Indifferent.漠不關(guān)心的；D.Worried.擔(dān)心的。故選D項(xiàng)。

本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過講述自已和一名在紐約求學(xué)的中國大學(xué)生的交流過程意識(shí)到更加嚴(yán)格的移民政策使中國學(xué)生在美國擇業(yè)出現(xiàn)困難，同時(shí)人才的流失也會(huì)使美國經(jīng)濟(jì)遭受很大損失。

做這類題材的閱讀理解時(shí)要求考生對文章先通讀一遍，做題時(shí)結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進(jìn)行仔細(xì)分析，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)選出正確答案。做題時(shí)要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行合理地分析，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。12~15.【答案】C、D、B、A【解析】（1）C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"Manyorbweaverspidershaveyellowishstripesorspotsontheirundersidesforagoodreason.（許多圓蛛的腹部有黃色的條紋或斑點(diǎn)，這是有充分理由的。）"以及最后一段中"Scientistsdon'tyetknowwhyinsectsareattractedtoyellowstripesonorbweaverspiders.（科學(xué)家們還不知道為什么昆蟲會(huì)被圓蛛身上的黃色條紋所吸引。）"可知，讓科學(xué)家們對圓蛛感到困惑的是它們的顏色。故選C項(xiàng)。

（2）D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中"Theyremovedeachfemaleandeitherleftitswebemptyorreplaceditwithacardboardspider.（他們將每只雌性蜘蛛移走，要么讓它的網(wǎng)空著，要么用紙板蜘蛛代替。）"可知，科學(xué)家們通過使用假蜘蛛或讓蜘蛛網(wǎng)空著來進(jìn)行研究的。故選D項(xiàng)。

（3）B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Afteralmost1，800hoursofvideorecordingthewebs,theteamfoundthatduringthedaytime,theyellow-stripedmodelthatlookedlikearealN.pili-pesattractedmorethantwiceasmanyinsects,includingbeesandfliesasanyotherfakespideroremptyweb.（在對這些蜘蛛網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了近1800小時(shí)的錄像后，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，在白天，看起來像真的圓蛛黃色條紋的模型吸引的昆蟲是其他任何假蜘蛛或空網(wǎng)的兩倍多，包括蜜蜂和蒼蠅。）"可知，科學(xué)家們最有可能得出這種蜘蛛的條紋可以吸引昆蟲的結(jié)論。故選B項(xiàng)。

（4）A.標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段"Manyorbweaverspidershaveyellowishstripesorspotsontheirundersidesforagoodreason.Thatcoloryellowattractsbeesandfliesintoaspider'sweb,anewstudysuggests.（許多圓蛛的腹部有黃色的條紋或斑點(diǎn)，這是有原因的。一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，黃色吸引蜜蜂和蒼蠅進(jìn)入蜘蛛網(wǎng)。）"可知，本文主要介紹了圓蛛腹部黃色的條紋或斑點(diǎn)能夠吸引昆蟲進(jìn)入蜘蛛網(wǎng)，為它們提供更多食物。選項(xiàng)A"黃色條紋對蜘蛛覓食有用"符合文章主題；選項(xiàng)C"條紋和斑點(diǎn)很容易吸引更多的昆蟲"沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)顏色，不正確，故被排除。故選A項(xiàng)。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了圓蛛腹部黃色的條紋或斑點(diǎn)能夠吸引昆蟲進(jìn)入蜘蛛網(wǎng)，為它們提供更多食物。

做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。16~20.【答案】F、D、C、E、G【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句Ifyes，itmightbeasignthatyou'readdictedtoyourfitnesstracker（如果是，則可能表明您沉迷于健身追蹤器），可知表示"然而，你是否發(fā)現(xiàn)自己經(jīng)常檢查自己的步伐和心率"的選項(xiàng)F符合前后的語境，fitnesstracker和checking

your

steps

and

heart

rates

是關(guān)鍵詞，故選F。

（2）主題判斷題。根據(jù)后文Ifyoukeepsettingunrealisticdailygoalsthatinvolveworkingoutfortoolong，andifyoubegintoignorefriendsandresponsibilitiestomaketimeforyourworkout，thenyou'remostprobablyaddictedtoyourfitnesstracker（如果你總是設(shè)定不切實(shí)際的日常目標(biāo)，包括鍛煉太長時(shí)間，如果你開始忽視朋友和責(zé)任，騰出時(shí)間來鍛煉，那么你很可能對你的健身追蹤器上癮了），可知選項(xiàng)D"你怎么知道你是否對你的健身追蹤器上癮了呢"與怎么判斷你有可能對健身追蹤器上癮有關(guān)，符合本段的主題。故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句Forexample，thenumberinyoursmartwatchshowinghowfaryou'vecomecangiveyouasenseofachievement（例如，智能手表上顯示你已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)的數(shù)字可以給你一種成就感），可知此處內(nèi)容與查看每天走了多少步是有吸引力的有關(guān)，所以選項(xiàng)C"畢竟，每天走多少步是很有吸引力的"符合前后的語境。故選C。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)前文Youmightfocusonyourshortcomingsratherthanyourprogress.Anotherproblemisthatyoumightfindyourselfpayingtoomuchattentiontothestepnumberratherthanhowyourbodyfeels（你可能會(huì)關(guān)注你的缺點(diǎn)而不是進(jìn)步。另一個(gè)問題是，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己過于關(guān)注步數(shù)，而不是你的身體感覺），可知選項(xiàng)E"事實(shí)上，這種對步數(shù)的上癮在精神上和身體上都是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的"與對步數(shù)上癮會(huì)給精神上和身體上都會(huì)帶來影響有關(guān)，故選E。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句Forexample，concentratingonyourhobbiesorsocializingwithfriendscanbeagreatwaytokeepyourmindonotherthings（例如，專注于你的愛好或與朋友的社交活動(dòng)是讓你把注意力放在其他事情上的好方法），可知選項(xiàng)G"此外，你還可以找到其他不需要檢查健身追蹤器的事情"與做一些與檢查健身追蹤器無關(guān)的事情有關(guān)，符合語境。故選G。

這是一篇說明文。作者指出了對健身追蹤器上癮的現(xiàn)象和跡象，分析了其原因和給精神上和身體上帶來的影響，并給出了一些擺脫的建議。

這是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個(gè)選詞，一個(gè)選句子。解題時(shí)，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。21~35.【答案】C、A、B、A、C、D、B、A、C、B、D、B、A、C、D【解析】（1）C．考查介詞短語及語境理解。A.Dueto因?yàn)?；B.Inspiteof盡管；C.Ratherthan而不是；D.Apartfrom除了。句意：愛荷華州的一所可選擇學(xué)校允許學(xué)生通過幫助殘疾人和老年人來獲得體育學(xué)分，而不是讓孩子們在體育館的跑道上繞圈運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文"earn

their

physical

education

credits

by

helping

disabled

and

senior

citizens."可知，此處是指不是讓孩子們在體育館的跑道上繞圈運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C。

（2）A．考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.allowing允許；B.commanding命令；C.expecting期待；D.persuading勸說。句意：愛荷華州的一所可選擇學(xué)校允許學(xué)生通過幫助殘疾人和老年人來獲得體育學(xué)分，而不是讓孩子們在體育館的跑道上繞圈運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)上文"making

kids

do

laps

around

a

gym

track,"可知，學(xué)生本來應(yīng)該通過進(jìn)行體育運(yùn)動(dòng)來獲得學(xué)分，但是這所學(xué)校允許學(xué)生通過幫助殘疾人和老年人來獲得體育學(xué)分。故選A。

（3）B．考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.arranging安排；B.pursuing執(zhí)行；C.managing管理；D.recommending推薦。句意：在大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)的高中，學(xué)生可以通過參加體育活動(dòng)或其他課外活動(dòng)來完成體育課程。根據(jù)空后的"sportsorotherafter-schoolactivities"可知，此處是指參加體育活動(dòng)或其他課外活動(dòng)。故選B。

（4）A．考查名詞及語境理解。A.requirements要求；B.tasks任務(wù)；C.appetite胃口；D.curiosity好奇心。句意：然而，迪比克的選擇學(xué)習(xí)中心鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)里不能自己做家務(wù)的人做庭院勞動(dòng)，以滿足他們的體育要求。根據(jù)上文"earntheirphysicaleducationcredits"可知，此處是指滿足他們的體育要求。故選A。

（5）C．考查形容詞及語境理解。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.unaware無意識(shí)的；C.unable不能的；D.unskilled不熟練的。句意：然而，迪比克的可選擇的學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)中心鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們?yōu)樯鐓^(qū)里不能自己做家務(wù)的人做庭院勞動(dòng)，以滿足他們的體育要求。根據(jù)前文"doingyardworkforpeopleinthecommunity"可知，此處是指自己無法做家務(wù)的人。故選C。

（6）D．考查形容詞和名詞及語境理解。A.professional專業(yè)的；B.summer夏天，夏季；C.training訓(xùn)練；D.traditional傳統(tǒng)的。句意：該學(xué)習(xí)中心是專門為有從傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校輟學(xué)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的初高中學(xué)生而設(shè)計(jì)的。根據(jù)前文"at

risk

of

dropping

out

of（6）schools."可知，此處是指從傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校輟學(xué)。故選D。

（7）B．考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.assessed評價(jià)，評定；B.launched發(fā)起；C.approved贊同；D.found發(fā)現(xiàn)。句意：湯普森是發(fā)起這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的老師，在過去的幾周里，他一直在管理那些志愿者學(xué)生的庭院工作，他說，這已經(jīng)對青少年和房主產(chǎn)生了非常顯著的影響。根據(jù)下文"has

been

managing

those

volunteer

students'

（8）work

"可知，此處是指湯普森是發(fā)起這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的老師。故選B。

（8）A．考查名詞及語境理解。A.yard庭院；B.classroom教室；C.field領(lǐng)域；D.repair修理，補(bǔ)救。句意：湯普森是發(fā)起這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的老師，在過去的幾周里，他一直在管理這些志愿者學(xué)生的庭院工作，他說，這已經(jīng)對青少年和房主們產(chǎn)生了非常顯著的影響。根據(jù)前文"bydoingyardwork"可知，此處是指志愿者學(xué)生的庭院工作。故選A。

（9）C．考查形容詞及語境理解。A.emotional情感的，情緒的；B.intellectual智力的，理智的；C.remarkable顯著的；D.external外部的，外面的。句意：湯普森是發(fā)起這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的老師，在過去的幾周里，他一直在管理這些志愿者學(xué)生的庭院工作，他說，這已經(jīng)對青少年和房主們產(chǎn)生了非常顯著的影響。根據(jù)下文"Theyreallylikegivingbacktopeopleandmeetingtheperson"（他們真的很喜歡回饋他人，認(rèn)識(shí)他人）可知，此處是指產(chǎn)生了非常顯著的影響。故選C。

（10）B．考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.growing成長；B.pulling拔，扯開；C.spreading傳播；D.burning燃燒。句意：學(xué)生們出來幫他們掃樹葉、拔草、割草。根據(jù)空前的"sweepingleaves"和空后的"cuttinggrass"可知，此處是指拔草。故選B。

（11）D．考查動(dòng)詞短語及語境理解。A.resultsin導(dǎo)致；B.makesout填寫，開具（支票、票據(jù)等）；C.seeksfor尋找；D.dependson取決于。句意：這取決于他們需要什么。根據(jù)空后的"whattheyneed"和上文"The

students

come

out

and

help

them

in

sweeping

leaves,

（10）weeds,cutting

grass"可知，此處是指這取決于他們需要什么。故選D。

（12）B．考查副詞及語境理解。A.gradually逐漸地；B.typically通常；C.steadily逐漸地，穩(wěn)步地；D.constantly總是。句意：開始的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們通常不會(huì)太興奮。根據(jù)下文"Butoncetheygetinvolved"（但是一旦他們參與進(jìn)來）可知，此處是指開始的時(shí)候，學(xué)生們通常不會(huì)太興奮。故選B。

（13）A．考查動(dòng)詞及語境理解。A.start開始；B.advocate提倡；C.admit（勉強(qiáng)）承認(rèn)；D.continue繼續(xù)。句意：但一旦他們參與進(jìn)來，開始做庭院工作，他們就會(huì)變得更有興趣。根據(jù)空前的"oncetheygetinvolved"可知，此處是指開始做庭院工作。故選A。

（14）C．考查形容詞及語境理解。A.patient耐心的；B.energetic精力充沛的；C.interested有興趣的；D.generous慷慨的。句意：但一旦他們參與進(jìn)來，開始做庭院工作，他們就會(huì)變得更有興趣。根據(jù)下文"Theyreallylikegivingbacktopeopleandmeetingtheperson"可知，此處是指他們就會(huì)變得更有興趣。故選C。

（15）D．考查名詞及語境理解。A.influence影響；B.attract吸引；C.observe遵守；D.help幫助。句意：他們真正喜歡的是幫助別人。根據(jù)下文"Theyreallylikegivingbacktopeopleandmeetingtheperson"可知，此處是指他們真正喜歡的是幫助別人。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了愛荷華州的一所可選擇學(xué)校允許學(xué)生通過幫助殘疾人和老年人來獲得體育學(xué)分，而不是讓孩子們在體育館的跑道上繞圈運(yùn)動(dòng)。這讓學(xué)生獲得了幫助別人、使別人快樂的機(jī)會(huì)。

完形填空考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。做題時(shí)，要先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，仔細(xì)閱讀文章，選擇最適合語境的詞，注意上下文的呼應(yīng)及語境。.36.【答案】【小題1】spoken【小題2】where【小題3】arefound【小題4】An【小題5】is【小題6】widely【小題7】tolearn【小題8】using【小題9】programs【小題10】it【解析】（1）考查過去分詞。句意：英語是一門世界通用的語言。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語，動(dòng)詞speak與其邏輯主語alanguage之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以