2016年1月27日核應(yīng)急中英文對(duì)照

的核應(yīng)急（TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople’sRepublicofJanuary,CurrentSituationofNuclearEnergyDevelopmentandNuclearEmergencyGuidelinesandPoliciesforNuclearEmergencyAll-roundPromotionofNuclearEmergencyBuildingandMaintenanceofNuclearEmergencyMainMeasurestoCopewithNuclearNuclearEmergencyPreparednesercises,Drills,TrainingandPublicScientificandTechnologicalInnovationsinNuclearEmergencyInternationalCooperationandExchangesintheFieldofNuclearEmergencyPreparednessThediscoveryoftheatomandthesubsequentdevelopmentandutilizationofnuclearenergygaveanewimpetustotheprogressofhumanityandgreatlyenhancedmankind’sabilitytounderstandandshapetheworld.Yet,thedevelopmentofnuclearenergyhasassociatedrisksandchallenges.Formankindtobetterutilizenuclearenergyandachieveevengreaterprogress,itisnecessarytomakeinnovationsinnuclear,ensurenuclearsafetyanddowellinnuclearemergencypreparedness.Whilenuclearsafetyconstitutesalifelineforthesustainedandhealthydevelopmentofnuclearenergy,nuclearemergencypreparednessservesasanimportantsafeguardforitssustainedandhealthydevelopment.Nuclearemergencypreparednessdenotestheemergencyactionstakentocontrol,containandmitigateanuclearaccident,andtominimizetheconsequencesofsuchaccidents,whicharedifferentfromthenormalorderandworkingprocedure.Theyareemergencyresponseactionsguidedbytheernment,assistedbytherelevantenterprises,coordinatedamongalltheinvolvedpartiesandimplementedinaunifiedmanner.Nuclearemergencypreparednessisofparamountimportanceandbearsontheoverallsituation,andisthereforeofcriticalsignificancetotheprotectionofthegeneralpublic,theenvironmentandsocialstabilityaswellassafeguardingnationalsecurity.始終追求發(fā)展和安全兩個(gè)目標(biāo)有機(jī)融合。半個(gè)多世紀(jì)以來，奮發(fā)圖hasconsistentlygiventopprioritytonuclearsafetyinitspeacefuluseofnuclearenergy,andhaspersistedinanoverallnationalsecurityconceptbyadvocatingarational,coordinatedandbalancednuclearsafetyoutlook.hasfollowedtheapproachofenhancingsafetyforthesakeofdevelopmentandpromotingdevelopmentbyupholdingsafetyinanunrelentingefforttobringthedualgoalsofdevelopmentandsafetyinalignmentwitheachother.Inthepastsixdecadesorso,thepeoplehavebeenworkingwithstaminaanddiligenceinthepursuitofnuclearenergyutilization,withsplendidachievements.Atthesametime,thepeoplehavebeensparingnoefforttoimprovenuclearsafetytechniques,enrigorousnuclearsafetysupervision,strengthennuclearemergencymanagementandensurethatnuclearenergyhasalwaysmaintainedasoundsafetyrecord.和改進(jìn)核應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備與響應(yīng)工作，不斷提升核安全保障水平。在核應(yīng)急Nuclearaccidentsknownonationalboundaries,andeverythingrelatedtonuclearemergencymanagementistooimportanttobetakenlightly.DrawingonthelessonslearnedfromtheThree Island,ChernobylandFukushimanuclearaccidents, hascometoaprofoundunderstandingoftheutmostimportanceofnuclearemergencies,andtheneedtocontinuouslystrengthenandimprovenuclearemergencypreparednessandresponseswithaviewtoconstantlyenhancingthenuclearsafetysafeguardlevel.hasmadegreatstridesinafullrangeofnuclearemergency-relatedactivities,ludingtheenactmentofregulations,codesandstandards,theestablishmentofinstitutionalandregulatoryregimes,thebuilding-upofbasiccapabilities,thefosteringofprofessionalnel,relatedexercisesanddrills,publiccommunication,andinternationalcooperationandexchanges.Thishasnotonlyprovidedarobustsafeguardfor’sownnuclearenergydevelopment,butalsocontributedactivelytothepromotionofafair,open,collaborativeandmutuallybeneficialinternationalnuclearsafetyemergencyframeworkandmankind’ssharingofnuclearenergydevelopmentCurrentSituationofNuclearEnergyDevelopmentandNuclearEmergencyItwasinthemid-1950sthatembarkedonitsnuclearindustry.Overthepastmorethansixdecadeshasmadeconstantendeavorsinthepeacefuluseofnuclearenergybypromotingtheextensiveapplicationofnucleartosuchareasasindustry,agriculture,medicine,theenvironmentandenergy.Inparticular,setheintroductionofthereformandopening-uppoliciesinlate1978’snuclearenergysectorhasseenparticularlyrapiddevelopment.Thedevelopmentofnuclearpowerconstitutesanimportantcomponentof’snuclearenergysector.Nuclearpowerisaclean,efficientandqualitymodernenergysource.hasconsistentlyadheredtothepripleofcingequalemphasisondevelopmentandsafety,andimplementedtheofdevelonuclearpowerinasafeandefficientmannerbyadoptingthemostadvancedtechnologyandmoststringentstandards.InMarch1985constructionstartedontheQinshanNuclearPowerStation,thefirstofitskindintheof.AsofofOctober2015,intheof27nucleargeneratingunitshadbeeninoperation,withatotalinstalledcapacityof25.50GWe,andanother25nucleargeneratingunitswithatotalinstalledcapacityof27.51GWehadbeenunderconstruction.hasalreadydevelopeditslarge-sizedadvancedPressurizedWaterReactor(PWR)andHighTemperatureGas-cooledReactor(HTGR)withproprietaryinlectualpropertyrights.ConstructionoftheHPR1000technologypilotprojecthasalreadycommenced.TheExperimentalFastReactor(CEFR)hasachievedfullpoweroperationover72hours,signifyingthathasalreadymasteredthecoretechnologyassociatedwithfastreactors.伴隨著核能事業(yè)的發(fā)展，核安全與核應(yīng)急同步得到加強(qiáng)。的核設(shè)施、核活動(dòng)始終保持安全穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，特別是核電安全水平不斷提高。陸所有運(yùn)行核電機(jī)組未發(fā)生過國際核與輻射分級(jí)表二級(jí)以上和事故，氣態(tài)和液態(tài)流出物排放遠(yuǎn)低于限值。在建核電機(jī)組質(zhì)量保證、安全、應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)Withthedevelopmentofthenuclearenergysector,nuclearsafetyandnuclearemergencyworkhaveseensteadysynchronousreinment.’snuclearfacilitiesandnuclearactivitieshaveallalongbeeninsafeandstablestateand,inparticular,thesafetylevelofnuclearpowerstationshaswitnessedconstantimprovement.Noneofthenuclearpowergeneratingunits hassufferedeventsoraccidentsratedaboveLevel2undertheInternationalNuclearandRadiologicalEventScale(INES),withthereleaseofgaseousandliquideffluentskeptfarbelowthenationalregulatorylimits.Alloftheunder-constructionnuclearpowergeneratingunitshaveintactqualityassurance,safetysupervisionandemergencypreparednesssystems.備，年即開展國家核應(yīng)急工作。年，成立國家核事故應(yīng)急，統(tǒng)籌協(xié)調(diào)核事故應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備和救援工作。1993年，發(fā)布《核電廠核事故應(yīng)急管理?xiàng)l例》，對(duì)核應(yīng)急作出基。1997年，發(fā)布第一部《國家核應(yīng)急（預(yù)案）》，對(duì)核應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備與響應(yīng)作出部署，，為適應(yīng)核能發(fā)展需要，多次進(jìn)行修訂形成《國家核應(yīng)急預(yù)案》。目前，核應(yīng)急管理與準(zhǔn)備工作的體hasalwaysattachedgreatimportancetonuclearemergencyworkbytakingahighlyresponsibleattitudetowardthesafetyofthepeopleandsocietyasawholeinenforcingnuclearemergencymanagement.Arrangementshavebeenmadefornuclearemergencyworkintandemwiththedecisiontakentoproceedwithnuclearpowerdevelopment.InthewakeoftheChernobylaccident,madeitclearthattherewouldbenochangeinitsnuclearpowerdevelopment,whilestressingthatagoodjobwouldbedoneonnuclearemergencypreparedness–withtheresultthatnationalnuclearemergencyworkgotoffthegroundin1986.In1991theNationalNuclearAccidentEmergencyCommitteewasinauguratedandcommissionedtomakeoverallnningandcoordinatenuclearaccidentemergencypreparationsandrescueworknationwide.In1993promulgatedtheRegulationsonEmergencyMeasuresforNuclearAccidentsatNuclearPowerntstoformalizenuclearemergencybyregulatorymeans.In1997thefirstNationalNuclearEmergency n(Scenario)wasissuedtolayoutarrangementsfornuclearemergencypreparationsandresponseintheformofa decision.Tocatertotheneedsofnuclearpowerdevelopment,multiplerevisionshaves ebeenmadetotheoriginalnandthelatestversionofNationalNuclearEmergencynhasbeenenacted.Atpresent,’snuclearemergencymanagementandpreparationshaveseencomprehensiveupgradesintermsofsystem,specialization,standardsandscientificrigor.按照核電中長期發(fā)展規(guī)劃目標(biāo)，到2020年，陸運(yùn)行核電裝機(jī)容量將相當(dāng)份額，全面實(shí)現(xiàn)建設(shè)核電強(qiáng)國目標(biāo)。面對(duì)核能事業(yè)發(fā)展新形勢新，中他國家在開發(fā)利用核能進(jìn)程中的共同課題。將通過理念創(chuàng)新、科技創(chuàng)Under’smedium-andlong-termdevelopmentobjectives,by2020thein-operationnuclearpowerinstalledcapacitywillreach58GWeintheofplusanadditional30GWeapproximayunderconstruction.By2030endeavorswillhavebeenmadetoputintocescienceandtechnologyR&Dsystemsalongwiththeirassociatedindustrialsystemsrepresentingtheglobaldevelopmenttrendsofnuclearpower,andtoensurethatnuclearpowerandequipmentwilltakeupasubstantialshareintheinternationalmarket,therebymeetingthetargetofbuildingastrongnuclearpowercountry.Facedwiththenewsituation,newchallengesandnewrequirements,isstillconfrontedwithshortfallsinnuclearemergencyworkintermsoftechnology,equipment,neededprofessionals,capacityandstandards,whicharethesameproblemsencounteredbyothercountriesindevelonuclearenergy.willseektoreinnationalnuclearemergencymanagementandraiseitsnuclearemergencyworktoanewlevelthroughideainnovation,scientificandtechnologicalinnovation,andmanagementinnovation.GuidelinesandPoliciesforNuclearEmergencyAsalargedevelocountry,haslaiddownbasicguidelinesandpoliciesapplicabletonuclearemergencypreparednessthroughenactmentoflaws,administrativeregulationsandissuanceofernmentdecreesinthecourseofnuclearenergydevelopment.Thebasicobjectivesofnuclearemergencypreparednesshinaare:scientificcoordinationaccordingtolaw,timelyandeffectivelycowithnuclearaccidents,allycontrolling/mitigatingoreliminatingaccidents,minimizinghumancasualties/fatalitiesandpropertydamages,protectingthepublicandtheenvironment,maintainingsocialorderandsafeguardingthepeople’ssafetyantionalsecurity.Thebasicofnuclearemergencymanagementhinais:constantvigilance,versatilecompatibility,unifiedcommand,activecoordination,publicsafeguardandenvironmentalprotection.Constantvigilance,versatilecompatibility.Nuclearemergencyorganizationsatalllevelsshouldstayalertandvigilantatalltimesinreadinesstorespondtopossiblenuclearaccidentsatanytime.Anuclearemergencypreparationandresponsesystemfeaturingcoordinationofdedicatedandstandbysystems,rationaldeploymentofresources,combinationofroutineexercisesandactualemergencyresponse,andintegrationofcivilianandmilitaryresourcesistobeestablishedandperfected.Nuclearemergencyworkmustbennedanddeployedinanoverallmannertogetherwithotheractivitiesandimplementedcompatiblywiththem.Unifiedcommand,activecoordination.Operatorsofnuclearinstallationsshallcoordinateanddirecton-sitenuclearaccidentemergencyresponseactionsinaunifiedmanner,andernmentsatalllevelsshallcoordinateanddirectnuclearaccidentemergencyresponseactionswithintheirrespectivejurisdictionsinaunifiedmanner.Undertheunifiedorganizationanddirectionoftheernment,nuclearemergencyorganizations,relevantdepartments,relevantenterprises,professionalteams,socialorganizationsandmilitaryrescueunitsshallworkoordinationwithoneanotherinajointefforttocompletenuclearaccidentemergencyresponseactions.Publicsafeguardandenvironmentalprotection.Publicsafeguardconstitutesthefundamentalobjectiveofnuclearemergencypreparedness,anditisumbentuponustotaketheattitudeandactionsthateverythingisforthepeopleowithnuclearaccidents.Environmentalprotectionshouldbeviewedasthefundamentalrequirementofnuclearemergencypreparednessinsuchawaythateveryeffortismadetominimizethereleaseofradioactivesubstancesanddoourbesttocontrol,mitigateandeliminatedamagestotheThebasicpriplesunderlyingnuclearemergencypreparednesshinaare:unifiedleadership,differentlevelsofresponsibility,tieredarrangements,coordinationbetweenthelocalityandthemilitary,quickresponse,andscientifichandling.Unifiedleadership,differentlevelsofresponsibility.Undertheunifiedleadershipofthecentralernment,hasestablishedanuclearemergencymanagementsystemfeaturingassignmentofresponsibilitytodifferentlevels.Theoperatoroftherelevantnuclearinstallationisthemajorbodyofaccountabilityforon-siteemergencywork.Thepeople’sernmentattheproviallevelisthemajorbodyofaccountabilityforoff-siteemergencyactivitiesinitsjurisdiction.Tieredarrangements,coordinationbetweenthelocalityandthemilitary.Nuclearemergencyinvolvesthecentralandthelocal,themilitaryandtheernment,on-siteandoff-site,specializedtechniquesandsocialadministration.Therefore,itisnecessarytoupholdthepriplesofuniformdeploymentandcentralizednning,mutualsupport,mutualcoordination,andcomprehensiverescueatalltimes.Quickresponse,scientifichandling.Whenanuclearaccidentoccurs,alllevelsofnuclearemergencyorganizationsshallbemobilizedattheearliestpossibletimetorapidlycontrolandmitigatetheaccidenttominimizeanyimpactonthepublicandtheenvironment.Everyeffortshallbemadetotakeintoaccountthecharacteristicsandrulesapplicabletonuclearaccidentsasthebasisfororganizingstudiesandevaluationstoenablescientificdecision-making,andenafullrangeofresponseactionsinaneffectivemanner,ludingradiationmonitoring,worksiterescue,decontaminationandcleansing,radiationprotectionandmedicaltreatment,andsoforth.All-roundPromotionofNuclearEmergencylaysgreatstorebythenning,andlegislative/institutional/regulatorysystems(knownhineseas“OnenningplusThreeSystems”)associatedwithnuclearemergencypreparedness,andensurestheestablishmentandfullfunctioningofanationalnuclearemergencymanagementsystemthroughthesafeguardsoflegislation,institutionandregulations.Strengtheningnationalnuclearemergencynningsystembuilding.TheNationalNuclearEmergencynisanactionprogrampre-setbythecentralernmenttocopewithnuclearaccidentscenarios.TheNationalNuclearEmergencynlaysdownawholesetofregulationsontheorganizationalsystem,commandandcoordinationmechanism,emergencyresponseclassification,post-accidentrestorationactions,andemergencypreparationandsafeguardmeasuresrelatedtonuclearemergencypreparationandresponseactions.InlinewiththerequirementsoftheNationalNuclearEmergencyn, ernmentsatalllevelsandnuclearinstallationoperatorsmustdrawupnuclearemergencynsfullyinkeewiththeNationalNuclearEmergencyn,soastoformanationwidesystemofnuclearemergencynning.加強(qiáng)核應(yīng)急?；拘纬蓢曳?、行政、部門規(guī)章、國家和行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、管理導(dǎo)則于一體的核應(yīng)急標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系。早在1993年8月就頒《放射性污染防治法》《突發(fā)應(yīng)對(duì)法》，從法律層面對(duì)核應(yīng)急作出規(guī)定和要求。2015年7月，新修訂的《人民共和度。目前，正積極推進(jìn)原子能法、核安全法進(jìn)程。Strengtheningnuclearemergencylegislativesystembuilding.hasputinceitsownnuclearemergencylegalframework,comprisingstaaws,administrativeregulations,departmentalrules,nationalandindustrialstandards,andmanagementguidelines.AsearlyasAugust1993putintoeffecttheRegulationsonEmergencyManagementofNuclearAccidentsatNuclearPower nts.S ethebeginningofthiscenturyhas,insuccession,enactedtheLawofthePeople’sRepublicofonPreventionandControlofRadioactivePollutionandEmergencyResponseLawofthePeople’sRepublicof,providingregulationsandrequirementsfromthelegalonnuclearemergencypreparedness.InJuly2015thenewlyrevisedStateSecurityLawofthePeople’sRepublicofwaspromulgated,furtherreinforcingthenuclearaccidentemergencysystemandemergencyresponsecapacitybuildingtoprevent,controlandeliminatedamagetothelifeandhealthofthegeneralpublicandecologicalenvironment.Inkeewiththeforegoinglawsandregulations,relevantdepartmentsofthe haveworkedoutandputintoeffecttheirrespectiveregulationsandmanagementguidelines,andrelevstitutionsandnuclear-relatedindustrieshavedrawnupapplicabletechnicalstandards.Themilitaryalsohasdrawnuprelevantregulations,andestablishedsystems erningemergencyrescueactionsassociatedwithnuclearemergencypreparedness.CurrentlyeffortsarebeingmadetopushforwardthelegislativeprocessassociatedwiththeAtomicEnergyLawandNuclearSafetyLaw.加強(qiáng)核應(yīng)急管理體制建設(shè)。核應(yīng)急實(shí)行國家統(tǒng)一、綜合協(xié)調(diào)、分級(jí)負(fù)責(zé)、屬地管理為主的管理體制。核應(yīng)急管理工作由指定部門牽頭負(fù)責(zé)。核設(shè)施所在地的?。▍^(qū)、市）指定部門負(fù)責(zé)本行政區(qū)域內(nèi)的核理工作。必要時(shí)，由、組織、協(xié)調(diào)的核事故應(yīng)急管理工作。Strengtheningnuclearemergencymanagementsystembuilding.implementsanuclearemergencymanagementsystemfeaturingunifiedleadershipatthenationallevel,overallcoordination,assignmentofresponsibilitiestodifferentlevelsandemphasisonlocalizedadministration.Thenuclearemergencymanagementisledandcedundertheresponsibilityofthedepartmentdesignatedbythecentral ernment.Theernmentsoftheprov e(autonomousregionorcentrallyadministeredmunicipality)whereinnuclearinstallationsarelocatedareresponsiblefornuclearemergencymanagementwithintheirrespectivejurisdictions.Theoperatoroftherelevantnuclearinstallationanditsseniorcompetentauthority(unit)shallberesponsibleforon-siteemergencymanagement.Wherevernecessary,thecentral ernmentwilllead,organizeandcoordinatenuclearemergencymanagementatthenationallevel.部門組成，主要職責(zé)是：國家核應(yīng)急工作方針，擬定國家核應(yīng)急工作政立國家核事故應(yīng)急，承擔(dān)國家核事故應(yīng)急協(xié)調(diào)日常工作。在省Strengtheningnuclearemergencymechanismbuilding.implementsanuclearemergencyorganizationandcoordinationmechanismfeaturingleadershipbyonedepartmentandparticipationbymultipledepartments.Atthenationallevel,aNationalNuclearAccidentEmergencyCoordinationCommitteehasbeensetupcomprisingrelevanternmentalandmilitarydepartmentswiththefollowingmainresponsibilities:implementingstatenuclearemergencyworkguidelines,drawingupnationalpoliciesfornuclearemergencymanagement,uniformlycoordinatingemergencyactivitiesatthenationallevel,anddeciding,organizingandcommandingemergencyassistanceresponseactions.ANationalNuclearEmergencyOfficehasalsobeensetuptoundertaketheroutineworkoftheNationalNuclearAccidentEmergencyCoordinationCommittee.Attheprovial(regionalandmunicipal)levels,nuclearemergencycoordinationbodieshavebeenestablished,andoperatorsofnuclearinstallationshavesetuptheirrespectivenuclearemergencybodies.Atthenationalandprovial(regionalandmunicipal)levelsandwithintheoperatorsofthenuclearinstallations,committeesofexpertsorthesupportorganizationsthereofhavebeenestablishedtoprovideadviceandsuggestionsonnuclearemergencypreparednessandresponse.BuildingandMaintenanceofNuclearEmergencyStickingtotheguidelinesofversatilecompatibility,resourceintegration,interdisciplinarysupport,andintegrationofmilitaryandciviliancapabilities,buildsandmaintainsnationalnuclearemergencycapabilitiescommensuratewiththesafeandefficientdevelopmentofnuclearenergy,andformsafully-fledgetionalsystemofnuclearemergencyresponse國家建立統(tǒng)一的核應(yīng)急能力體系，部署和地方兩個(gè)工作系統(tǒng)，區(qū)分國Atthenationallevel,aunifiednuclearemergencyresponsecapabilitiessystemisincetocoordinatemilitaryandlocalsystemswherebythreedist ttiersofcapabilitiesaremaintained,viz.national,provialandnuclearinstallationoperatorlevels,withaviewtopushingforwardwiththebuildingofvariouscapabilitiesrelatedtonuclearemergencyresponse.建設(shè)國家核應(yīng)急專業(yè)技術(shù)支持。建設(shè)輻射、輻射防護(hù)、、醫(yī)學(xué)救援、海洋輻射、氣象預(yù)報(bào)、輔助決策、響應(yīng)行動(dòng)等8類國家級(jí)核應(yīng)Buildingnationalnuclearemergencyresponseprofessionaltechnicalsupportcenters.hasbuilteighttypesofnational-levelnuclearemergencytechnicalsupportcenters,i.e.,radiationmonitoring,radiationprevention,aviationmonitoring,medicalrescue,marineradiationmonitoring,meteorologicalmonitoringandforecasting,decision-makingaid,andresponseaction,alongwiththreenational-levelnuclearemergencyresponsetrainingbases,therebyessentiallyforminganintegratedemergencytechnicalsupportandtrainingsystemfeaturingafullarrayofdisciplinesandfunctions,andeffectivesupport.建設(shè)國家級(jí)核應(yīng)急救援力量。經(jīng)過多年努力，形成了規(guī)模適度、功能銜為應(yīng)對(duì)可能發(fā)生的嚴(yán)重核事故，依托現(xiàn)有能力基礎(chǔ)，將組建一支300余人Buildingnational-levelnuclearemergencyrescue s.Througheffortsovermanyyears,hasalreadybuiltaspecializednuclearemergencyrescuecapabilitysystemthatisofaproperscale,well-coordinatedandofarationallayout.Tocatertotheneedsoflayoutfortheconstructionofnuclearpowerstations,onthepripleofregionaldeployment,modularset-upanddisciplinaryintegration,over30national-levelprofessionalrescueteamshavebeenformedtospecificallytakechargeofvariouskindsofspecializedrescuemissions.Themilitaryconstitutesanimportantpartofthenational-levelnuclearemergencyrescue,andfulfillsthemissionofaidinglocalnuclearaccidentemergencyresponseactions,and,assuch,hasscoredbrilliantachievementsinbuildingupitsnuclearemergencyresponsecapabilities.Tocopewithpossibleseverenuclearaccidentsandonthebasisoftheavailablecapabilities,istoformanationalnuclearemergencyrescueteamcomposedofover300peopletobemainlyresponsibleforundertakingunexpectedrescuemissionsinseriousnuclearaccidentscenariosandemergencytreatmenttasks,andstandreadytotakepartininternationalnuclearemergencyrescueoperations.建設(shè)省級(jí)核應(yīng)急力量。設(shè)立核電站的省（區(qū)、市）均建立了相應(yīng)的核應(yīng)急力量，包括核應(yīng)急指揮、應(yīng)急輻射網(wǎng)、醫(yī)學(xué)救治網(wǎng)、氣象網(wǎng)、洗消點(diǎn)、道路、人員安置點(diǎn)等，以及專業(yè)技術(shù)支持能力和救援分隊(duì)，基本滿足本區(qū)域核應(yīng)急準(zhǔn)備與響應(yīng)需要。省（區(qū)、市）核應(yīng)急指揮與本級(jí)行Buildingprov ial-levelnuclearemergencyrescues.Nuclearemergencyresponseshavebeenestablishedattheprov ial(regionalandmunicipal)levelsinareaswherenuclearpowerstationsaresited, nuclearemergencycommandcenters,emergencyradiationmonitoringnetworks,medicaltreatmen works,meteorologicalmonitorinworks,decontaminationpoints,evacuationroadsandsheltersforevacuees,alongwithspecializedtechnicalsupportandrescuetasks,therebybasicallymeetingthenuclearemergencypreparednessandresponseneedsoftheinvolvedregions.Eachprov ial(regionalandmunicipal)nuclearemergencycommandcenterisconnectedwiththenuclearinstallation(s)withinits施、應(yīng)急和評(píng)價(jià)設(shè)施；配備應(yīng)對(duì)處置緊急情況的應(yīng)急電源等急需裝備、設(shè)備和儀器；組建輻射、事故控制、去污洗消等場內(nèi)核應(yīng)急救援隊(duì)Buildinganuclearemergencyresponseonthepartoftheoperatorsofnuclearinstallations.Inaccordancewithnationalrequirementsandfollowinginternationalstandards,operatorsofnuclearinstallationshinahavesetuptheirownnuclearemergencyresponsefacilitiesands, emergencycommandcenters,emergencycommunicationfacilities,andemergencymonitoringandconsequenceevaluationfacilities.Inaddition,emergencyfacilities,equipmentandinstrumentation,suchasemergencypowersupply,areince.On-siterescueteamsspecializinginradiationmonitoring,accidentcontrol,decontaminationandcleansinghavebeenestablished.Corporationscontrollingoperatorsoftherespectivenuclearinstallationshavesetupamutualsupportcollaborativemechanismtoformnuclearemergencyresponseresourcereserveanddeploymentassistancecapabilities,therebyensuringmutuallycomplementarysupportandInaccordancewiththepr ipleofversatilecompatibilityandbasedontheirrespectivedutiesandresponsibilities, ernmentdepartmentsatdifferentlevelshinahaveestablishedandreindtheirrespectivecapabilitysystemstoserveandsafeguardnuclearemergencyresponseactivitiescommensuratewiththetasksestablishedundertheNationalNuclear Inaccordancewiththenuclearemergencyresponsensworkedoutbythenationalandprov ial(regionalandmunicipal)andtheoperatorsofnuclearinstallationsandwithintheinstitutionalframeworkofthenationalnuclearemergencyresponsesystem,variouslevelsandcategoriesofnuclearemergencyresponse sensureunifieddeploymentandin mobilizationtojointlyundertaketasksassociatedwithnuclearaccidentemergencysituations.MainMeasurestoCopewithNuclearByreferringtheadvancedinternationalstandardsanddrawingonworldwidematureexperience,hasdefinedworkingmeasurestocontrol,mitigateandcopewithnuclearaccidentscommensuratewithitsnationalconditionsandactualsituationofnuclearenergydevelopment.Implementingthedefense-in-depthconcept.Fivelinesofdefensehavebeensetupunderwhichthenuclearemergencypreparednessthresholdismovedaheadandmultiplebarriersareinstalledtostrengthennuclearsafety,preventaccidentsandmitigatetheconsequencesofanaccident.Thefivelinesofdefenseare:First,thequalityofdesign,manufacturing,constructionandoperationshallbeassuredtopreventdeviationfromnormaloperation;second,operationproceduresandoperationtechnicalspecificationsshallberigorouslyfollowedandobservedtoensurethateachnucleargeneratingunitisoperatedwithinthedefinedsafetyrange,anydeviationstherefromaredetectedandcorrectedinatimelymanner,andanyabnormaloperationiscontrolledtopreventitfromevolvingintoanaccident;third,aseadeviationfailstobecorrectedinatimelymanner,ntsafetyandprotectionsystemsshallbeautomaticallyactivateduponoccurrenceofanaccidentwithinthedesigndatum,andemergencyoperationsshallbeorganizedtopreventthesituationdeteriorating;,aseanaccidentfailstobecontrolledeffectively,accidenthandlingproceduresshallbeactivatedwiththeaccidentmanagementstrategyendtoensurethatthecontainmentshallremainintactandnoradioactivesubstancesarereleasedintotheenvironment;andfifth,intheeventoffailureoftheabove-mentionedlinesofdefense,off-siteemergencyactionsshallbeimmediayactivatedinanefforttominimizeanyimpactfromtheaccidentonthepublicortheenvironment.Meanwhile,multiplephysicalbarriersshallbesetuptoensurethatmultiplelinesofdefenseareincetopreventandcontrolreleaseofradioactivesubstancesintotheenvironment.實(shí)行分級(jí)響應(yīng)。參照國際原子能機(jī)構(gòu)核事故分級(jí)表，根據(jù)核事故性質(zhì)、嚴(yán)重程度及輻射影響范圍，確定核事故級(jí)別。核應(yīng)急狀態(tài)分為應(yīng)急待命、廠Exercisingatieredresponsescheme.Thelevelofanuclearaccidentshallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththenatureandseriousnessoftheaccidentandscopeofeffectfromradiation,basedontheInternationalNuclearandRadiologicalEventScale(INES)guidelinesoftheInternationalAtomicEnergyAgency.ThenuclearemergencypreparednessconditionisdividedintoEmergencyStandby,BuildingEmergency,On-SiteEmergencyandOff-SiteEmergency,whichrespectivelycorrespondtoLevelIVresponse,LevelIIIresponse,LevelIIresponseandLevelIresponse.Thefirstthreelevelsofresponsemainlyfocusontheorganizationandimplementationofemergencyactionswithinthesite.Off-SiteEmergencyshallbeannouncedwithitscorrespondingLevelIresponseactivateduponoccurrenceofreleaseorpossiblereleaseofalargetyofradioactivesubstancesintotheenvironmentinwhichaccidentconsequenceshavecrossedboundariesofthesite,withthepossibilityofseriouslyjeopardizingpublichealthandenvironmentalsafety.Deployingactionsofresponse.Everylevelofnuclearemergencyorganizationshallimplementthefollowingresponseactionsinwholeorinpartdependinguponthenatureandseriousnessoftheaccident:Mitigatingandcontrollingtheaccidentinatimelymanner.Aprofessional,equipmentandsshallbethrownintoimm