Unit ELEVEN TEXT I英語課程知識點梳理匯總

UnitELEVEN:TEXTIWordsandExpressionsspasm(l.1)n.aninvoluntarymuscularcontraction;hereasuddenviolentspell(of)痙攣；（感情等的）一陣發(fā)作e.g.aspasmofpain陣痛aspasmofcoughing一陣咳嗽aspasmofthestomach胃痙攣synonyms:spell;fit;convulsionfutile(l.3)adj.ineffective;unsuccessfule.g.Allhisattemptstounlockthecarwerefutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.synonyms:futile;barren;bootless;fruitless;unavailing;useless;vainThecentralmeaningsharedbytheseadjectivesis“producingnoresultoreffect”afutileeffort徒勞abarrensearch白費勁的研究bootlessentreaties無用的乞求fruitlesslabors無收益的勞動anunavailingattempt無效的嘗試auselessdiscussion沒有結(jié)果的討論；vainregrets毫無意義的悔恨insinuate(l.4)vt.introducesomethingindirectlyandsubtly使巧妙的進入;suggestsomethingunpleasantlyandindirectly暗示；含沙射影e.g.AreyouinsinuatingthatI’mtellingalie?你這是在暗示我是在說謊嗎？~doubtsintosb.’smind使某人慢慢產(chǎn)生懷疑~oneselfintosb.’sfavour巧妙地逐漸逐漸取得某人的寵信convulsive(l.4)adj.havingaviolentinvoluntarycontraction;spasmic;spasmodiccollocation:~rage震怒a~movementofthemuscles肌肉痙攣illumination(l.5)n.enlightenment;edification啟迪；教誨recuperation(l.6)n.gettingbackstrength;gettingfreefromworry恢復(fù)；復(fù)原improvise(l.10)vi&vt.makeordowithoutpreparation,sufficientmaterial,etc.即興創(chuàng)作；臨時準備e.g.Heimprovisedadinnerfortheunexpectedguests.他為不速之客臨時準備了晚餐。Ifanactorforgetshiswords,hehastoimprovise.如果一個演員忘了臺詞，他必須臨時現(xiàn)編。~apoem即席作詩sedulously(l.12)adv.diligently;assiduously勤勉；勤奮；堅忍不拔vivifyingfruits(l.12)resultsthatgiveonerelaxation/refreshmentvivify:vt.togiveorbringlifeto;animatevivifyapuppet使木偶變得有活力（有生氣）command(l.26)vt.havewithinreach;bemasterof掌握；對……有支配權(quán)e.g.Thisislandcountrycommandsimmensenaturalresources.這個島國有極其豐富的自然資源。caprice(l.27)n.suddenwishtohaveordosomething;whim;fancy;（fad狂熱；一時的愛好）反復(fù)無常；怪想e.g.Heactednotfromreason,butfromcaprice.他不是憑理智，而是憑幻想來行事。banish(l.42)vt.driveout;getridof;dismiss放逐；驅(qū)逐（出境）；消除e.g.Banishthatthoughtfromyourmind.你不要那樣想了/打消這個念頭吧。banishsb.from放逐，（尤指）驅(qū)逐出境undue(l.6)adj.excessive;notjust,proper,orlegal不當(dāng)；過分；過度withunduehaste過于倉促Don'ttreatthematterwithunduehaste.不要草率地處理此事。showundueconcernoversb./sth.對某人（某事）表現(xiàn)過分關(guān)心aggravate(l.16)vt.makeworseormoreserious使惡化；加重e.g.Hisbadtemperwasaggravatedbyhisheadache.頭疼使他的脾氣更壞。Don'taggravateme,child.孩子,不要惹我生氣。grav-意思是重（heavy），同根詞還有：grave（adj.重大的；嚴重的）；gravity（n.重力）invain(l.28)徒然；枉然；無結(jié)果地e.g.Thepolicetriedinvaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds.警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群,但沒有成功。Allourworkwasinvain.我們所有的工作都白費了。II.ParaphraseThemoreyouattempttoshakeoffyourworry,theharderitwillbeforyoutogetridofit..Itisnotagoodideatobeginthinkingofpursuingahobbywhenyouhavealreadygrownold.Itisnogoodbelievingthatyouareinapositiontoenjoyatamoment’snoticeanypastimewhichhappenstocatchyourfancy;pleasurecomesfromexertingone’stalentsinahobbysuitedtoone’scircumstances.Sincethoseverywealthypeoplecanaffordtogetaccesstoalmostanythingtheymaythinkofandtoturnthemostfancifulideasintoreality,thereisnothinginthisworldthatcaninterestorexcitethemanymore.Tothem,anewpleasure,anewexcitementmayveryoftenmakethemevenmoreboredaboutlife.Infact,itisprobablythosewhoseworkprovidesthemwiththeirenjoymentarethosewhoaremostinneedofperiodicdistractionsfromtheirwork.III.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(page121)HisattemptatinsinuatingthatJohnwastheculpritturnedouttobefutile.Heisverycleveratimprovisingexcuseswhenhefailstodowhatisexpectedofhim.HistriptoTibetwillgratifyhisdesiretoseePotala.(thePotalaThiscorporationcommandsexcellent/rich/abundanthumanresources.Thinkofanalternativewayofentertainingyourguests.Don’talwaysshowthemVCDs.Itisharmfultoindulgeinwhimsandcaprices.Trynottolayyourhandsonanythingthatyouarenotentitledto.Hedidnotcometothecompetition.Itmaywellbethathehadforgottenallaboutit.Somesynonyms:1.betakenaback/back:surprised,esp.ratherupset大吃一驚betakenaside:被叫到一旁takeapart:拆開；粗暴對待，嚴厲批評，猛烈抨擊e.g.Hispointwastakenapart.他的觀點受到了猛烈地抨擊。2.frantic:wildlyexcited;anxiousbe~withpain/worry痛得發(fā)狂/焦急得發(fā)狂ferocious:fierce兇猛，兇殘，殘忍a~animal猛獸a~look兇相~heat酷熱fervent:enthusiasticandverysincere~applause;~love/hatred/desire強烈的愛/恨/熱望fanatic:tooenthusiastic狂熱的；盲信的a~opponent/supporter狂熱的反對者/支持者3.hobby:anactivityorinterestpursuedoutsideone’sregularoccupationandengagedinprimarilyforpleasureorrelaxation業(yè)余愛好pastime:anactivitythatoccupiesone’ssparetimepleasantly,andthisactivitysuggestslittleintrinsicworth消遣；打發(fā)時間recreation:refreshmentofone’smindorbodyafterworkthroughactivitythatamusesorstimulates.Itcanmoresuggestactivitythatisdoneingroupsandthatincludesphysicalexercise;play休養(yǎng)；娛樂；玩耍；放松身心sport(s):anactivityinvolvingphysicalexertionandskillthatisgovernedbyasetofrulesorcustomsandoftenundertakencompetitively4.drudgery:tedious,menial,orunpleasantwork苦工；單調(diào)、卑賤或無趣的工作labor:physicalormentalexertion,esp.whendifficultorexhausting;workwork:physicalormentaleffortoractivitydirectedtowardtheproductionoraccomplishmentofsomethingDebtsareusuallyburdens,butthisisnoordinarydebt,anditisnoburden,exceptasthefeelingofwarmgratitudemayacheinoneuntilitisexpressed.(ll.2-3)欠債往往是一種負擔(dān)，可這不是普通的債，也不存在負擔(dān)，只有一種溫暖的感激之情讓人心痛，非得表達出來不可。…youmustpicturetoyourselfthatchild,livingquitesolitaryinaremoteChinesecountryside,inasmallmissionbungalowpercheduponahillamongthericefieldsinthevalleysbelow.(ll.8-10)你可以想象一下那個時候的我：十分孤單，住在中國一個偏遠的農(nóng)村，一個很小的傳教士平房里，小屋坐落在一座小山上，山谷里滿是稻田，將整個小山包圍在中間。Intheneardistancewoundthatdeep,treacherous,goldenriver,theYangtse,andsomeofthemostterrifyingandsinister,aswellasthemostdelightfulandexcitingmomentsofthatchild’slife,werespentbesidetheriver.(ll.10-12)不遠處一條金色的河蜿蜒曲折，水很深，水流湍急，它就是揚子江。在揚子江畔，我度過了最可怕、最險惡，但也是最快樂、最興奮的童年時光。Itwasawordsowickedthattheyouthwhocalledherforeigndevilranhowlingwithterror,andthereaftershewentmorecontentedly,notusingthewordanymorebecauseofitsgreatwickedness,butknowingshehadittouseifsheneededitverymuch.(ll.26-29)這個臟字特別惡毒，讓那個叫她洋鬼子的少年十分恐懼，嚎叫著嚇跑了。以后她就更加得意了，沒有再說過那個字，因為它太惡毒了，但是她知道，在非常需要的時候她還得用上它。Tothissmall,isolatedcreaturetherecameonedayanextraordinaryaccident.Shewasanimpossiblyvoraciousreader.Shewouldliketohavehadchildren’sbooks,buttherewerenone,andsoshereadeverything,—Plutarch’s“Lives”andFoxe’s“Martyrs”,theBible,churchhistory,andthehotspotsinJonathanEdwards’ssermons,andconversationsoutofShakespeare,andbitsofTennysonandBrowningwhichshecouldnotunderstandatall.(ll.40-45)有一天，一件不同尋常的事情發(fā)生在了這個孤獨的小家伙身上。她酷愛讀書，希望擁有兒童書籍?？伤槐疽矝]有，于是她就讀那些可以找到的一切讀物—普魯塔克的《比較列傳》和福克斯的《殉教者書》，還有《圣經(jīng)》、教派史、約拿丹·愛德華布道中熱情洋溢的片斷、莎士比亞戲劇中的對話，以及她根本無法理解的丁尼生和布朗寧的詩作。HowcanImakeyouknowwhatthatdiscoverywastothatsmall,lonelychild?ThereinthatcornerabovethecountryroadinChina,withvendorspassingbeneathme,Ienteredintomyownheritage.(ll.57-59)我怎么才能使你明白這個發(fā)現(xiàn)對于那個孤獨幼小的孩子意味著什么??？就在那個角落，下面是中國鄉(xiāng)間的小路，做買賣的小販從下面走過，而我卻走進了自己的文化遺產(chǎn)。Heopenedmyeyestopeople,hetaughtmetoloveallsortsofpeople,highandlow,richandpoor,theoldandlittlechildren.Hetaughtmetohatehypocrisyandpiousmouthingofunctuouswords.Hetaughtmethatbeneathgruffnesstheremaybekindness,andthatkindnessisthesweetestthingintheworld,andgoodnessisthebestthingintheworld.Hetaughtmetodespisemoneygrubbing.(ll.74-79)他讓我睜開了雙眼，開始了解他人。他教導(dǎo)我熱愛所有人，無論高低貴賤、年長年幼；他教導(dǎo)我憎恨偽善、口蜜腹劍；他教導(dǎo)我粗暴里面可能藏著友善，而友善是世上最甜蜜的東西，善良是世上最美好的東西；他教導(dǎo)我要鄙視不擇手段賺錢的行為。Peopletodaysayheisobviousandsentimentalandchildishinhisanalysisofcharacter.Itmaybeso,andyetIhavefoundpeoplesurprisinglylikethosehewroteabout—thegoodalittlelessundiluted,perhaps,andtheevilalittlemoremixed.AndIdonotregretthats