2018高考真題英語(yǔ)-全國(guó)卷I卷

2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（全國(guó)卷1）英語(yǔ)第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours（4miles）JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMailasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute路線）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours（7miles）JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitalHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremakeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBikeTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritainsS'usannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.

InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder5perfamilyaday.￡AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,I4,Finn,13.andJack,11WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains,“Ipay￡5isforaport份r),(butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood.Butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpenses,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight 'sFasterspecial,theycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspiraticonabudget.Thetamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltasrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.Addsomebackgroundinformation.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.Addsomebackgroundinformation.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Providesomeadviceforthereaders.Introduceanewtopicforthediscussion.A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefA.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingyourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwassillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,smalltightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.SomeIanguageexpertsbelievethat10000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps1200Ianguagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirIanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialization,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalizationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyIanguagestodisappear,anddominantIanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800Ianguages.ThedistributionoftheseIanguagesishugelyuneven.ThegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewIanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Ianguages;theAmericasabout1000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'sIanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800Ianguagesareclosetoextinction(了肖亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuminCameroon(eightremainingSpeaker),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark)noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchaneeofsurvival.WhatcanweinferaboutIanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

Theydevelopedveryfast.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.Theydevelopedveryfast.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.WhichofthefollowingbestexplainsComplex.Powerful.HowmanylanguagesarespokenbAbout6800About2400Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Theywerelargeinnumber.Theywerecloselyconnected.“dominanint”paruangdraeprlhine2d?Advanced.Modern.an6000peopleatpresent?About3400About1200Newlanguageswillbecreated.People'slifestylesarereflectedinfewerlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'rceualturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevice（s裝置）wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'bsadnewsfortheenvironment—andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythanthenewsonesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing.CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones.“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids 'room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhoinusehold1992to13in2007.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddeviwcescontinuetou-sethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdevicewiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions（排放）morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat'sthesolution（解決方案）？Theteam'sdateonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.TheyfoundthatmoreondemandenvironmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?Theyareenvironment-friendly.Theycostmoretouseathome.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?Theyareenvironment-friendly.Theycostmoretouseathome.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.devices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.Theyarenobetterthantheold.Theygooutofstylequickly.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.TofindoutelectricityconsumptionoftheB.Thetablet.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou'IIalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou 'lllovetoliveinroomthat'fulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36 ,coloristhekeytomakearoomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.Overtheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint. ,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'rereallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38 .They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususedtoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofa,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39 .Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisioninyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryouatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40 .WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe 'remostfamiliarwithIt'snotreallyagoodideatctoxsenanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完型填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面的短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferingacourse,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I__41__theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantto 42 afewdollars?Morethanthat,I 'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.Andweren't__43__enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44__wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which__45__Iwoundbelearningfromoneofthegame 's__46__.Icouldhawaitto__47__him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis__48__wasnogameforhim:hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit__49__thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto__50__theclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto__51__whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand__52__toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat__53__andlearnlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe__54__.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I 'mstillputtingtousewhathe__55__me:mostimportant__56__thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood__57__.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto__58__asituation,processwhatyouropponent（對(duì)手）isdoingand__59__thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy__60__asajournalist41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chaneeB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Accordingtoareviewofevideneeinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61 (long)thannon-runners.Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaj64it(be)moreef