2022屆北京高考高三?？糄篇分析與解題 講義

北京高考最難D篇分析與解題講義

能在相似事物或現(xiàn)象中發(fā)現(xiàn)差異，差異事物或現(xiàn)象中找到相似，謂之學問或深入研究。

一篇論證嚴謹?shù)奈恼乱彩侨绱?。單一的表達和論證則過于直白，由此及彼則能更形象地解釋

事物和現(xiàn)象。常言有他山之石可以攻玉。

北京高考D篇閱讀吧。

AstherailroadsandthehighwaysshapedtheAmericanWestinthepast

centuries,anewelectricalgenerating（發(fā)電）andtransmission（輸送）systemfor

the21thcenturywillleavealastingmarkontheWest,forbetterorworse.Muchof

therealsignificanceofrailroadsandhighwaysisnotintheirdirectphysicaleffect

onthescenery,butinthewaysthattheyaffectthesurroundingcommunity.The

sameistrueofbigsolarplantsandthepowerlinesthatwillbelaiddowntomove

electricityaround.

鐵路和高速公路在過去的幾個世紀塑造了美國西部，它們的真正意義不在于它們對景觀

的直接實質(zhì)性影響，而在于它們影響周圍社區(qū)的方式。anewelectricalgenerating（發(fā)電）

andtransmission（輸送）systemforthe21thcentury（bigsolarplantsandthepower

linesthatwillbelaiddowntomoveelectricityaround）將給西部留下永久的印記。一

句Thesameistrue將看似無關的二者有機地結(jié)合在一起。

接下來便是兵分兩路。讓我們看看第一路兵馬的走向。

The19thcenturysawlandgrants（政府撥地）offeredtorailroadcompaniesto

buildthetranscontinentalrailroads,leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyowned

land.InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredevelopedwhile

othersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphaspresented

uniquechallengestolandmanagement.Withthecompletionoftheinterstate

highwaysystem,manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsand

developedwell,havelosttheirlifebloodanddied.

第一路兵馬也分為兩路：transcontinentalrailroads（支隊一）和thecompletionof

theinterstatehighwaysystem（支隊二）。

任何事物在產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展的進程中都會產(chǎn)生與之相生的諸多問題，transcontinental

railroadsthecompletionoftheinterstatehighwaysystem也不例外。前者產(chǎn)生的問

題在于thelandownershiphaspresenteduniquechallengestolandmanagement,

其原因在于leavingpubliclandinbetweenprivatelyownedland；后者產(chǎn)生的問題是

manyofthesmalltowns,whichsprangupasrailwaystopsanddevelopedwell,have

losttheirlifebloodanddiedo從信息抓取角度“并列生疑”。

Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlineswillalsohaveeffectsfarbeyondtheir

directfootprintintheWest.Thisisnotanargumentagainstbuildingthem.Weneed

alternativeenergybadly,andtoreallytakeadvantageofitweneedtobeableto

moveelectricityaroundfarmorereadilythanwecannow.

再回到另一路兵馬上來，也即本文論證的核心Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlines。

Bigsolarplantsandtheirpowerlines的問題在于alsohaveeffectsfarbeyond

theirdirectfootprintintheWesto此處directfootprint等同下文的immediate

footprint表達。

此處順帶普及一下美國的能源結(jié)構(gòu)和其能源發(fā)展策略。2020年，太陽能，包括光伏和

光熱發(fā)電占美國公共事業(yè)規(guī)模發(fā)電量的2.3%。相比之下，化石燃料的份額達60.3%,其中

天然氣占比40.3%,煤炭占比19.3%。美國總統(tǒng)拜登設定2035年美國將使用100%的清潔

能源，以及到2050年，讓太陽能為美國提供45%的電力。

Sotrade-offswillhavetobemade.Somescenicspotswillbesacrificed.Some

species（物種）willbeforcedtomove,orwillbecarefullymovedtospecial

accommodations.Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects.

Sometrade-offswillhavetobemade的原因在于Weneedalternativeenergy

具體因未涉及考題而不贅述。

badlyotrade-offs,

Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter.The21thcentury

developmentoftheAmericanWestasanidealplaceforalternativeenergyisgoing

tothrowoffalotofpowerandmoneyintheregion.Therearechancesforthat

powerandmoneytodoalotofgood.Butitisjustaslikelythattheywillbespent

wastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind,justliketherailroadsandthe

highways.

如果說Thelastingeffectsofthesetrade-offsareanothermatter,那么alotof

powerandmoneywillbespentwastefullyandwillleavenewproblemsbehind也是

讓人擔心的問題。此處therailroadsandthehighways如同下文，只做參照，便于更形象

更直觀地說理。

Themoneysetasideinnegotiatedtrade-offsandtheinstitutionsthatcontrol

itwillshapetheWestfarbeyondtheimmediatefootprintofpowerplantsand

transmissionlines.Solet'sremembertheeffectsoftherailroadsandthehighways

asweconstructthesenewpowerplantsintheWest.

協(xié)商權(quán)衡中所撥備的錢款和掌管該錢的各機構(gòu)將會塑造西部，遠超電廠和輸電線路對西

部所產(chǎn)生的直接印記，畢竟鐵路和高速公路的前車之鑒未遠。止匕處的theinstitutionsthat

controlit實指上文中的alotofpowerintheregion。公款和支配公款的公權(quán)的濫用和浪

費才是作者所最為擔心的問題。

對比上文給大家普及的美國能源數(shù)據(jù)以及美國能源發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，隨著時間推移，此類問題

會更為嚴重。

67.Whatwastheproblemcausedbytheconstructionoftherailways?___

A.Smalltownsalongtherailwaysbecameabandoned.

B.Somerailroadstopsremainedunderused.

C.LandintheWestwashardtomanage.

D.Landgrantswentintoprivatehands.

解析：此題抓theconstructionoftherailways對應下的信息，語出第一路兵馬的第

一支隊，也即，InmuchoftheWest,someoftherailroadsectionsweredeveloped

whileothersremainedundeveloped,andinbothcasesthelandownershiphas

presenteduniquechallengestolandmanagemento

68.Whatisthemajorconcerninthedevelopmentofalternativeenergy

accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?__

A.Thetransmissionofpower.

B.Theuseofmoneyandpower.

C.Theconservationofsolarenergy.

D.Theselectionofanidealplace.

解析：此題，馮老師已在第五與第六自然段后先后兩次提及。故選B答案，其它答案皆

屬無中生有。

69.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardsbuildingsolarplants?__

A.CautiousB.Approving

C.DoubtfulD.Disapproving

解析：該題謂之作者態(tài)度題。Weneedalternativeenergybadly,andtoreally

takeadvantageofitweneedtobeabletomoveelectricityaroundfarmorereadily

thanwecannow,作者approvebuildingsolarplants。但五，六自然段，也即68題，

已經(jīng)告知我們Theuseofmoneyandpoweristhemajorconcerninthedevelopment

故綜合得出作者對于態(tài)度持謹慎態(tài)度，故選

ofalternativeenergyobuildingsolarplants

Ao

70.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowtheRailwaysHaveAffectedtheWest

B.How