詞匯與語(yǔ)法2 3課件主謂一致

主謂一致Subject-VerbConcord主謂一致是指：語(yǔ)法形式上要一致，即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語(yǔ)要一致。意義上要一致，即主語(yǔ)意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。就近原則，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語(yǔ)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。There

is

much

water

in

the

thermos.但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Ten

thousand

tons

of

coal

were

produced

last

year.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)Readingandwritingareveryimportant.注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)由and連結(jié)時(shí)，如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，and此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。The

iron

and

steel

industry

is

very

important

to

our

life.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitor

asked

to

make

aspeechat

the

meeting.A.

is B.

was C.are D.

were答案B.因?yàn)門(mén)he

League

secretary

and

monitor

好象是兩個(gè)人，但仔細(xì)辨別，monitor

前沒(méi)有the，在英語(yǔ)中，當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and

相連。這樣本題主語(yǔ)為一個(gè)人，所以應(yīng)選B主謂一致中的就近原則1）當(dāng)there

be

句型的主語(yǔ)是一系列事物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。There

is

a

pen,

a

knife

and

several

books

on

the

desk..There

are

twenty

boy-students

and

twenty-three

girl-students

in

theclass.2）當(dāng)either…

or…

與neither…

nor， 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

如果句子是由here,

there引導(dǎo)，而主語(yǔ)又不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常也和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。Eitheryouorsheistogo.Here

is

a

pen,

a

few

envelops

and

some

paper

for

you.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后面跟有with,

together

with,

like,

except, but,

no

less

than,

as

well

as

等詞引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。Theteacher

togetherwithsomestudentsisvisiting

the

factory.HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)1）代詞each和由every,some,no,any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語(yǔ)，或主語(yǔ)中含有each,

every,謂語(yǔ)需用單數(shù)。Each

of

us

has

a

tape-recorder.There

is

something

wrong

with

my

watch.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書(shū)或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。

The

Arabian

Night

is

a

book

known

to

lovers

of

English.《天方夜譚》是英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者熟悉的一本好書(shū)。表示金錢(qián)，時(shí)間，價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。(用復(fù)數(shù)也可，意思不變。)Three

weeks

was

allowed

for

making

the

necessary

preparations.Ten

yuan

is

enough.指代意義決定謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)1）在代詞what,

which,

who,

none,

some,

any,more,

most,

all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。All

is

right.All

are

present.(一切順利。)(所有人都到齊了。)2）

集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的意思來(lái)決定。如family,

audience,

crew,

crowd,

class,

company,

committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，意為這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員，用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個(gè)集體。His

family

isn't

verylarge.

他家不是一個(gè)大家庭。His

family

are

music

lovers.

他的家人都是音樂(lè)愛(ài)好者。但集合名詞people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Are

thereany

police

around?3）有些名詞，如variety,number,population,proportion,majority

等有時(shí)看作單數(shù)，有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。A

number

of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

The

number

of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

A

number

of

books

have

lent

out.The

majority

of

the

students

like

English.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致1）用half

of,

part

of,

most

of,

a

portion

of

等詞引起主語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞，代詞保持一致。Most

of

his

money

is

spent

on

books.Most

of

the

studentsare

taking

an

active

part

insports.2）在一些短語(yǔ)，如many

a

或more

than

one

所修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more

than…

of

作主語(yǔ)