（學(xué)生版）專題09 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題

專題09情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣——備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語考試易錯題【導(dǎo)入】情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣解題“兩注意”注意一：若句中謂語動詞為原形，在其前設(shè)純空格題時，注意考慮情態(tài)動詞。然后根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動詞。注意二：一旦判斷所給動詞在句中作謂語，就要考慮其時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語氣中的時態(tài)。判斷虛擬語氣，除了常見的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意其他常搭配虛擬語氣的句型。技巧1意義和語氣判斷法1.(浙江卷)George____________(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.[分析]can't/couldn'thavegone由下文的“Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.”可以看出，喬治應(yīng)該是剛離開，不可能走太遠，表示對過去發(fā)生的事情非常有把握的否定推測，故填can't/couldn'thavegone?！敬鸢浮縞an't/couldn'thavegone所謂意義判斷法就是分析語境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個情態(tài)動詞的意義和用法是答題的前提。此外，情態(tài)動詞主要表示說話人的語氣、態(tài)度或情感，所以在解答此類試題時，要從說話者的角度去考慮問題，結(jié)合具體的語境來分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動詞是否符合說話者的語氣以及特定的情感需要。1.Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't技巧2時間判斷法1.(天津卷)IwishI____________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.【解析】句意：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過我當(dāng)時正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“我參加了妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時間狀語lastTuesday可知，動作發(fā)生在過去，此處表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，故謂語用“had＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填hadbeen?！敬鸢浮縣adbeen虛擬語氣的考查重點在于判斷句子是對現(xiàn)在、過去還是將來的動作進行虛擬。判斷出時間后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)或句型確定謂語動詞的形式。1.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished2.Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,Ihavelongbeenoutofpractice.基礎(chǔ)夯實考點01情態(tài)動詞的基本用法1）can，could與beableto1．表示能力，意為＂能，會＂。2）may與might1．表示請求、允許時，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。2．＂may/mightaswell＋動詞原形＂意為＂最好，倒不如＂，may/mightwell＋動詞原形，意為＂很可能＂。3）must與need1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示說話者的命令或指令，語氣比較強烈。need＂需要，有必要＂，一般用于否定句或疑問句中。2.need也可用作行為動詞，＂需要,有必要＂，可以用于各種句式中?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】need的用法助記口訣實義動詞表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。need后接動名詞，主動形式表被動。情態(tài)動詞表＂需要＂，沒有人稱、數(shù)之變。其后直接加動原，多用疑問與否定?！疽谆毂嫖觥縟are和need1.dare作情態(tài)動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，過去式形式為dared。2.need作情態(tài)動詞用時，常用于疑問句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto3.dare和need作實義動詞用時，有人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。4)will與would1．表示請求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。2．will和would表示意志、愿望和決心。3．will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動作，有＂總是＂或＂總要＂之意。5)shall，should與oughtto1．shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵尽?．shall用于第二、第三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。3．should表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，意為＂應(yīng)該＂。4．oughtto表示應(yīng)該。5．shall還可表示法律、規(guī)定和條例中規(guī)定的＂應(yīng)該＂?？键c02情態(tài)動詞表推測的用法1．can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為＂有時會＂；用于疑問句中可以表示推測，意為＂可能＂，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，can’t意為＂不可能＂，語氣很強烈。2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用來表示不十分肯定的推測，意為＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，maynot意為＂可能不＂，表示一種不太確定的語氣。3．must表示推測時只能用于肯定句中，意為＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4．should用來表示推測時意為＂應(yīng)該＂，即含有＂按道理來說應(yīng)當(dāng)如此＂的意思?？键c03＂情態(tài)動詞＋havedone＂的用法情態(tài)動詞＋havedone用法musthavedone一定做過某事，其否定形式為can’t/couldn’thavedonecan/couldhavedone(1)本來能夠做但卻未做(2)可能做過某事can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過某事may/mighthavedone或許/可能做過某事should/oughttohavedone本該做但卻未做，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了needn’thavedone做了本沒有必要做的事情1.＂musthavedone＂表示對過去事情的肯定推測，譯成＂一定做過某事＂，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。2.＂can’thavedone＂表示對過去事情的否定推測，譯成＂不可能做過某事＂。3.＂canhavedone＂表示對過去行為的懷疑，用于疑問句，譯成＂可能做過……嗎？＂。4.＂couldhavedone＂是虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來能夠做某事而沒有做。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本來他能夠通過考試，但是他太粗心。5.＂mayhavedone＂表示對發(fā)生過的事情的推測，意思是＂可能已經(jīng)＂或＂也許已經(jīng)＂，用于肯定句中。6.＂mighthavedone＂表示對過去事情的推測，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。7.＂wouldhavedone＂虛擬語氣，表示對過去事情的假設(shè)，意思是＂本來會……＂。8.＂shouldhavedone＂意思是＂本來應(yīng)該做某事，而實際沒做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本來不應(yīng)該做某事，而實際做了。含有指責(zé)對方或自責(zé)的含義。9.＂oughttohavedone＂表示過去應(yīng)該做而實際并沒有做，譯成＂理應(yīng)做……＂，往往表示遺憾。與＂shouldhavedone＂用法基本一樣。10.＂needhavedone＂表示本來需要做某事而實際沒有做。＂needn’thavedone＂則表示＂本來不需要做某事而實際做了＂考點04if條件句中的虛擬語氣1）if條件句中的虛擬語氣if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動詞原形表示過去情況had＋過去分詞should/would/could/might＋have＋過去分詞表示將來情況should＋動詞原形should/would/could/might＋動詞原形動詞過去式wereto＋動詞原形2）錯綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為＂錯綜時間條件句＂，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?？键c05從句中的虛擬語氣1）．用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動詞后的賓語從句中常見的動詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。賓語從句中的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為＂should＋動詞原形＂，should可以省略?！咎貏e提醒】★suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂堅持認為＂時不用虛擬語氣。2）．用于主語從句中常見句型：Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/essential/...+that...Itissb’sorder/desire/suggestion/advice/...+that...Itissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/...+that從句謂語形式：（should+）動詞原形3）．用于表語從句和同位語從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成是＂should＋動詞原形＂，should可以省略。4）．wish賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語+wish(that)+從句主語+動詞過去式（be一律用were。2.表示與過去事實相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語+wish(that)+從句主語+would/could+have+過去分詞或had+過去分詞。3.表示將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語+wish(that)+從句主語+would/should/could/might+動詞原形。5）．wouldrather后的賓語從句中，表示愿望，意為＂寧愿；但愿＂。用一般過去時表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾矗挥眠^去完成時表示與過去事實相反。6）．在＂Itis(about/high)time＋that從句＂中，謂語動詞常用過去式或＂should＋動詞原形＂表示虛擬語氣，注意should不可省略。7）．a(chǎn)sif，asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣，與現(xiàn)在事實相反用一般過去時；與過去事實相反用過去完成時。8）．ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語氣表示愿望。模擬演練Ⅰ、單項選擇1.PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitpatientlyuntilhiscarwastheonlyonethat______intheparkinglot.A.left B.wouldleave C.wasleft D.hadbeenleft2.I__________togiveyoujustasurprisequizbutonsecondthoughtIchosetoletyoureflectonyourexercises.A.hadintended B.hasintended C.intended D.hasbeenintended3.Ihatetosaythisbutyouneedtostopdoingthingslikethisbecausethey__________meallthetime.A.disturb B.havedisturbed C.disturbed D.aredisturbing4.Charlie'swheelchair______outofpower.Hedroveitintomyofficeandlookedforaplacetochargeit.A.run B.haverun C.hadrun D.wasrunning5.—Youreallydidagoodjob,Robert!—Iwasjustdoingmyjobandanyoneinmyposition___________thesamelikeme.A.mightdo B.coulddo C.shouldhavedone D.wouldhavedone6.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven7.Ifthenewsafetysystem________touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereputC.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput8.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I__________.A.wereinjured B.wouldbeinjuredC.hadbeeninjured D.wouldhavebeeninjured9.Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch10.Ifit_________forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeen B.shouldnotbe C.werenottobe D.shouldnothavebeen11._______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.WereitC.Itwas D.Wasit12.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad13.Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft14.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.didn’twrite B.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twrite D.wouldn’thavewrittenⅡ、單句改錯下列各句均有一處錯誤,請標(biāo)出并改正。（一）1.1fmybrotherwashere，everythingwouldbeallright.2.Ifhehadn’tbeencaughtinthestormyesterday,hewillnotbeillnow.3.Thereforewestronglysuggestedthatsimilareventsareheldeveryyear.badla4.TheanswersheetmustcutfromthenewspaperandsenttoChinaDailyafterthedeadline.5.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment6.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theymustjustbequietpeople.7.---It’stheoffice!Soyoumayknoweatingisnotallowedhere.--Oh,sorry.8.Ifyoumadebetteruseofyourtime,youmighthavelearnedmore.9.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamwasattheageofsixmonthsold.10.Itmustn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.（二）1.I’dratheryousawthefilmyesterday.2.ItistimethatIgotopickupmydaughteratschool.3.IwishIknewthetruthofthematter.4.Ifyoulistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.5.Youcoulddobetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.6.Ifwetooktheotherroad，wemighthavearrivedearlier.7.Hesuggestedthatwetooktheteacher’sadvice.8.Ifhehadbeenstudyinghard，hewouldworkintheofficenow.9.Butfortherain，weshouldhaveapleasantjourney.10.IfonlyIhavereadthebooksonreadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.Ⅲ、語法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61．(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67．(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68．(construct).＂3.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40．(call)galleriesorrooms.Ⅳ、短文填空（一）MissFangcouldn’treadforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe__1__gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.＂Youshouldseeadoctorassoonaspossible，＂shesaid.＂You__2__needglasses.＂WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor__3__seeherat3：30.MissFangrepliedthatshewouldnotbeabletobethereat3：30becauseshehadaclassthen.＂Thedoctor__4__takeyouatabouttentofour，＂theappointmentclerksuggested.＂__5__Iputyoudownfortentofour，orwouldyourathercometomorrow？＂MissFangthoughtshe__6__(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteachershouldn’tbeunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,＂IthinkI__7__makeitattentofour.＂MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,＂__8__Ileaveat3：45today？I__9__haveaneyeexamination.＂Asexpected,theteachersaid,＂Yes,ofcourseyou__10__.＂真題演練【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【2020年】1.（2020·天津卷）Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.（2020·江蘇卷）IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbe B.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen【2019年】1.【2019·江蘇卷】Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad2.【2019·天津卷】Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished【2018年】1.【2018·江蘇】It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might2.【2018·江蘇】Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.had B.willhaveC.wouldhavehad D.havehad3.【2018·天津】Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft4.【2018·北京】Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must5.【2018·北京】Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven6.【2018·天津】Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.must B.should C.can D.need2.【2017·北京卷】Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereput C.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput3.【2017·江蘇卷】_______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.Wereit C.Itwas D.Wasit4.【2017·天津卷】Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A. daren’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t5.【2017·天津卷】—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I______abletoreachheryesterday.A.hadn’t