2020年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)考真題及答案

--PAGE10-2020年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試真題PAPERONEPartIListeningComprehension(30%)SectionAConversationOneA.Therightmedicationforthewoman.B.Theadvantageofregularmedication.C.ThepopularmedicationontheThebestmedicationforhighbloodpressure.A.ToteachherhowioproperlyusedrsToprescribehernewly-developeddrugs.C.Toaddadrugtothemedicationsheincreasethedosageofhermedication.A.Toprescribetwomedicationforher.ToallowhertobuymedicineontheInternet.Toadviseonthemedicineherfriendisusing.Toprovidesomemedicaladvicetoherfriend.ConversationTwoA.Japan. B.France. C.TheUK. D.SouthKorea.A.Lowobesityrates. B.Inadequatehealthresources.C.Advancedmedicaltechnology. D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.A.ObesityratesindifferentDietarypatternsindifferentcountries.C.LifeexpectancyindifferentcountriDe.s.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.ConversationThreeA.Hehadhadasuccessfulcareer. B.Hehadhadahappyfamily.C.Hehadshownmorelove. D.Hehadbeenwealthier.A.IntheirlatetheirIntheirIntheirlate50s.A.Theywerecarefree. B.Theywerepeaceful.C.Theywererelaxing. D.Theywerefulfilling.ConversationFourA.Theirpositiveeffects. B.Theirconstantmutation.C.Difficultyinidentifyingthem.D.Possibilityofinheritingthem.A.Youmaysufferfrommentalillnesses.Youmaybealonewithoutfeelingbad.Youmayhavehighlevelsofbloodpressure.Youmaydevelopgreatabilitytotoleratefailure.A.Becauseheisalwayscheerful. B.Becausehelikesoutdooractivities.C.BecausehefeltbadattheweekendD..Becausehewasnotathomelastweek.ConversationFiveA.Globaltrends. B.Latestadvances.C.Existingproblems. D.TechnicalsolutionsA.Itiscostly. B.Itisinefficient.C.Itsimplifiestasks. D.Itfacilitatestheirwork.A.Theyareunsafe. B.Theyareuser-friendly.C.Theyarebriefandconcise. D.Theyarelengthyandincomprehensible.PassageOneA.Howshechangedhercareer. B.Whatittakestobeavolleyballcoach.C.Howshewalkedoutofhercomfortisthebestroutetobeingadoctor.A.Becauseofahighsalary. B.Becauseofhermedicaleducation.C.Becauseofherfamilybackground.D.Becauseofherinterestinphysicaltherapy.A.AnMDdegree. B.Moremedicalknowledge.C.Eightyearsofmedicaleducation.D.Experiencewithavolleyballteam.PassageTwoA.MedicalinsuranceintheU.S. B.HealthcaresystemintheU.S.C.TelemedicineservicesintheU.S.D.HealthservicesfortheelderlyintheU.S.A.Becausetheythinkthatthedoctoronlineisunfriendly.Becausetheydonothavetrustinonlinemedicalservices.Becausetheyarenotaccessibletoonlinemedicalservices.Becausetheydonotknowmuchaboutcomputeroperation.A.Becauseitcanprovidequalityservices.Becauseitcanproviderichinformation.Becauseitcanofferpersonalizedservices.Becauseitcancutdownonhealthcarecost.PassageThreeA.Theyaretoocostly.Theyarenotembracedbyworkers.Theymaynotproducethedesiredbenefits.Theymaydemandextraeffortsfromcompanies.A.Thewellnessprogrammightnotbeasbeneficialasexpected.Thewellnessprogramhelpedtoreducethehealthcarecosts.Thewellnessprogramsignificantlyimprovedtheworkers’health.Thewellnessprogramdidnotsignificantlychangetheworkers’behaviors.A.Todevelopmoreeffectivewellnessprograms.Tofindoutthelong-termeffectsofwellnessprograms.Toencouragemoreworkerstoenrollinwellnessprograms.Toconfirmtheemployers’expectationsforwellnessprograms.PassageFourA.Hefelloffstairs. B.Healmostlosthislife.C.Hehadhisspineandarminjured. D.Hereceivedtwooperations.A.Itreducessurgeryhours. B.Itstabilizesbonefractures.C.Itreplacesrodsandscrews. D.Ithelpsbonegrowinashorttime.A.ItwaseffectiveinEllis’scase.B.Itcannotbewidelyappliedyet.C.Itonlyworksonseriousinjuries. D.Itwasusedforthefirsttime.PassageFiveA.Itdecreasestheriskofdiabetes.B.Itdisruptstheirdigestivesystem.C.Itimpactstheirmetabolism. D.Itdecreasestheriskofobesity.A.Itmaybeharmful. B.Itmaybeaddictive.C.Itmayimprovehealth. D.Itmaycauseinsomnia.A.Sleeplossandhealth. B.Recoverysleepandhealth.C.Weekdaysleepschedules. D.Weekendsleepschedules.SectionA

PartⅡVocabulary(10%)Inthissectionallthesentencesareincomplete.FourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,andDaregivenbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentencandthenmarktheletterofyour.Iftherisagooddrugavailabliseveryoneesponsibilymakesurepatientcan it.afforddemandtoleratesupplyCancercellshideamonghealthycellstoconcealtheir proteins.abundantmalignantequivalentprevalentIfthethoughtofleavinghomewithoutyourmobilephonecausesyouto coldyoucouldbesufferingfromnomophobia:thefearofhavingnomobilephone.breakintobreakoutbreakthroughbreakupMeaslesvirucanremainintheaiforatleasacoupleofhoursinfectinyonewhosusceptible,and causingdeadlyoutbreaks.particularlypositivelypotentiallyproficientlyThereareilleffectsonthehealthofolderpeoplewhentheiractivitiesarerestricted; interventionthatincreasestherangeoftheiractivitiespromotestheirhealth.inadditionincontrastinturninshortHeavymetalscanimpaircognitivedevelopmentinchildren,whoareespeciallyatriskbecausoftheirsizeand toabsorbmoreofthesesubstancesthanadultsdo.characterresistancetempertendencyThedoctorsaidhisnewstrategyhadstartedto ,predictingthatthepatient’swouldimproveinthecomingmonths.payoffpickupshowupsortoutBlockedsymptoms:abnormalcardiacstresstest.classicconciseoriginalobscureStemcellsare cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindscells.infertilejuvenilemobileversatileBeforeadrugisapprovedandlaunchedintothemarket,asignificantamountoftimeandisspentinanefforttoselectthemosteffectiveonefromseveraldrug .adversariescandidatesD.volunteersC.manufacturersSectionBEachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonethatwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginasentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart,andthenmarktheletterofyourchoiceANSWERSHEET.HesaysthatconstantthirstisanundesirableeffectofchemotherapyforwhichnoremedyinWesternmedicalpractice,butcertainherbsdoprovidereliefforsuchtectionprovisiontheorytherapyAsanurse,Dorothyisanaturalhealerwhoisendowedwithcompassionandhasavarietyofmodalitiestobenefitherpatientsofallages.braveryexpertiseproficiencysympathyManyproblemsthawefacesuchasdepressioompulsivandanxiety,resultfromhumaninherentdesiretoseekpleasure.consecutiveexcessiveobsessivepossessiveVirtually,everycellinthebodycontainsitsowncircadianclockmachinery.PracticallyNaturallySuperficiallyThoroughlyTheeradicatifsmallpoxinspiretheworldtoeradicatotheinfectioiseasehisoptimismwasinvain,asinfectiousdiseasesarestillabigprobleminsomepartsoftheworld.callousdeliberatefutilenegligentThecommentsbythefamilymemberinvitedaseriesofresponsesfollowingtheunsuccessfulrescueattemptsfortheinjuredintheemergencyroom.enquiredobjectedpromptedsuppressedFluoridedeterstoothdecaybyreducingthegrowthofbacteriathatdestroytoothenamel.inhibitsloosenshastenstriggersThisnewlyhasarangeofmedicalprogramsindustriallabs,oruniversity-industrycollaborativeerativeinnovativelucrativerepresentativeToreducethechanceofsuffocation,pillowsshouldnotbeplacedinthecradleofthekid.breathingchokingsweatingswallowingThecommunityhealtnurseoftenotesthedevastatiffectonfamilymembersaspatient’schronicillnesstakesitscourse.developsgraduallydeterioratessuddenlyrecoversultimatelyrecursfrequentlyInthispartthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks,foreachofwhichfourchoimarkedA,B,C,andDarelistedcorrespondingly.Choosethebestanswer,andthenmarktheofyourchoiceonSHEET .Scientisthavelongknownafairly51.A.asB.byC.forD.reliablwaytoextendthelifspaninlab52.A.Whatanimals:reducetheamountofcaloriesby10to40percent.

C.WhateverD.WhicheverThis51 caloric53.A.injectionrestriction,hasbeenshowntoincreasespanofvariousorganismsandreducetheirofcancerandotherage-relatedailm5e2nts.D.inputitcandothesameinpeoplehasbeenrankedquestion.Butanintriguingnewstudythatinyoungandmiddle-agedchronicallrestrictialorie53 canaffecttheirhealth.Inthistudyresearcheookedat143healthymenandwomenwho54 infrom21to50.Theywereinstructed

C.fluctuatedD.measuredA.enhanceentertainpreservepracticeA.aswellascaloricrestrictionfortwoyears.TheycouBl.daesatsoonasthefoodstheywanted56 theycutontheoffoodateto

C.solongasD.sofarasreducethecaloriestheyconsumedby2557.A.attestpercent.Manydidnot57 thatgoal.ButB.affirmthegroupsawmanyoftheirmetabolicassertmarkersimprove58 theywerealreadyinD.achievethenormalrange.Someofthethe59 fromimpressive

A.asifsothatincaseeventhoughweightloss,onaverageabout16poundstracedthestudyperiod.ButtheextenttowhichC.stemmedexpectedfromweightloss

that

D.stimulatedcaloricrestrictiomnighthavesomeunique60.A.suggestbiologicaleffectsondiseasepathways.

suggestssuggestedsuggestingPartIVReadingComprehensionInthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfivequestions.ForquestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestanswer,andmarktheletterofyour.PassageOneGianlucaVialli,managerofChelseaFootballClub,expresseditexplicitlyenough:“Thefooisthetoolofthetradeofthefootballer.”Youmightthereforeexpectfootballerstotakegoodcareoftheirfeet.Butresultspresentedatarecentconferenceofdermatologistsinsuggestotherwise.Professionalfootballersseemaslikelytosufferfromfungalinfectionsoffootasotherpeople.Onestudy,calhillesProeookedat76,475pairsoffeetbelongingtopeoplefrom18Europeancountries.Itfoundthat26%ofthelpsbetterknownasathlete’sfoot,while30%aninfectionthatcausestoenailstobecomethickened,discoloredanddistorted.TheresultsshowedthatEastEuropeancountrieshaveconsistentlyhigherratesinfection.Onaverage,30%ofBritons,GermansandBelgianshadsomeformoffungalinfection,comparedwith85%ofRussians,andlessthan10%ofSpaniards.Furthermore,adultsundertheageof40whotookregularexercisehada40%greaterriskfungalinfectionthanthosewhodidnot.LeisurecentersandswimmingpoolswereidentifiedaspotentiealthazardtotheverypeoplewhovisithemtostafitCommunalshowersandchangingroomsareperfectbreundsforthehighlyinfectiousfungithatspreadfootandnailinfection:upto1,500fungally-infectedskinfragmentspersquaremetershavebeenfoundsomeleisurfacilitieatysocksandwarm,dampsportshoesprovidequallhospitableenvironments.Allofwhichgoessomewaytoexplaininthefootballe.doubtalthatimespeninshowersandchanging-roomispartlresponsiblutDr.Caputoadermatologislsfoundanotherfactor:footballersareoftenreluctant,forsuperstitiousreasons,todiscardtheirHefoundthatplayersgetattachedtoparticularboots;iftheyscoreagoalwithone,theywillitagainandagain.Theriskofathlete’sfootmaybeasmallpricetopayforagoal.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?Footballersdonotcarefortheirfeetasexpected.Footballers’feetaremoresensitivetofungalinfections.Footballersusuallycarefortheirfeetmorethanotherpeople.Footballers’feetaremorevulnerablethanthoseofotherpeople.Accordingtothepassage,“AchillesProject”wasdesignedto .serveasaglobalscreeningforfootinfectionscollectasampleofinfectedathletesforresearchlookintotheconditionsoffeetinEuropeancountriesfindmeasuresforreducinghighratesoffootinfectionsFromthedescriptiiapedisandOnychomycsearesurethat .TineapedisaffectsathletesmorethanOnychomycosisTineapedisandOnychomycosisarebothfungalinfectionsTineapedisisamoreseriousinfectionthanOnychomycosisTineapedisismoresensitivetoanti-fungaldrugsthanOnychomycosisWhichofthefollowingcanbesafelyinferredconcerningtheleisurecentersandswimmingpools?Theycouldhelppeopleinonewayandharmtheminanother.Theydonotspreadinfectionsasmuchasotherpublicplaces.Theydonotperformadequatecheck-upsfortheirvisitors.Theyareunlikelytospreadfungalinfection.WhatdidDr.Caputofindaboutfootballers?Theyplaytoomuchtokeeptheirfeetclean.Theyusuallydonotthrowawaycomfortableboots.Theybelievesomeshoesmaybringthemgoodluck.Theyoftensticktohigh-pricedshoesforscoringgoals.PassageTwoAdecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butinthepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,allowthemrapid,round-the-clockaccesstotheirrecords.Labtestsarenowreleaseddirectlypatients.Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnologincentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationencourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsaccesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytopatientengagementandimprovepatientsafety.Areportalsdeliveringontheirpromisetoengagepatients?Oraretheseresultstoooftenasourceofconfusioandalarmforpatientandthecauseofmoreworkfordoctorbecauseinformationisprovidedwithoutadequate-orsometimesany-guidance?Althoughwhatpatientsseeonlineandhowquicklytheyseeitdiffers—sometimesevenwithinthesamehospitalsystem-mostportalscontainlabtests,imagingstudies,pathologyreportsandfrequently,doctors’notes.Itisnotuncommonforatestresulttobepostedbeforethedoctorseenit.KatharinTreadway,aninterniowswhatitiktoobtaishockingnewsfromanelectronicmedicalrecord.Theexperience,shesaid,hasinfluencedthewayshepractices.Morethanadecadeago-longbeforemostpatientshadportals-Treadway,withherhusband’spermission,pulleduptheresultsofhisMRIscanonahospitalcomputerwhilewaitingtoseethspecialisttreatinghissudden,unbearablearmpain.“Itshowedamassivetumorandwidespreadmetastaticdisease,”Treadwayrecalled.Shenevesuspectedthather59-year-oldhusbandhadcancer,letaloneahighlyaggressiveandusuallyfatformofadvancedlymphoma.Treadway,whosehusbandhasbeencancer-freeformorethanadecade,saidsherememberedintentlycheckingthenameanddateofbirth,certainshehadthewrongpatient,thenrebootingcomputerseveraltimes“l(fā)ikeIwasgoingtogetadifferentanswer.”Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseportals?Popularacceptanceoftechnology.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto .explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessedexemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportalsillustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatientsshowtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’informationPassageThreeInplanningforthehealthneedsoftheseimmigrantfamilies,FrancescaWeissman,ahealthcapractitioner,askedtwoquestions:(1)“Whatarethemosturgentneedsofthispopulation?”“Howcanthispopulationbeinducedtousethehealthservicesthatareavailable?”Insomethesecondquestionismoreimportantbecausepersuadingimmigrantfamiliestoutilizeservicesabasicproblem.Buildingtrustisaprimarygoal.Employingcaregiverswhocanspeaktheclients’languagewilldomuchtolowerethnicbarriersandreducesuspiciononthepartofthepotentialclients.traditionalfamiliesareslowtodeveloppersonalrelationships,andthisholdstrueinthewithcaregivers.Unlessthefamiliescancommunicatewithcaregivers,theycannotbegintothem.Withouttrust,theyarenotlikelytoseekorevenacceptassistance.Communicationisatwo-waychannel.Caregivers,Francescarealized,haveanobligationbecomethethegrowingofsubgroups.Bybecominginformedandbyconveyingrespect,caregiverscanmakeinteractionsimmigrantfamilieslessfrighteningandmoreproductive.Awarenessoftheeconomicclimateandotherconditionintheplaceoforigihelpscaregiverrecognizthathesuspiciousnefimmigrantfamiliestowardsofficials.Afamilyapproachtohealthcareisrecommendedforimmigrantgroups.Ifthewholefamilycanbeinvolvedinthehealthcareprogram,theindividualmembersarelikelytobelessfearful.Family-orientedprogramsmaybeginwithpracticaladviceabouttheneighborhood:locationsofgrocerystores,wheretoapplyforfoodstamps,andhowtolookforwork.Anyprogramsdevelopedforimmigrantfamiliesmustbeofferedatconvenienttimesandplacesbecausetheymaynothavetheknowledgeorresourcestotravelfreelyintheirnewcommunity.Thepassagebeginsbyimplyingthatimmigrantfamiliesmaynot .beawareoftheirownhealthneedsbewillingtousetheavailableservicesbeentitledtothebasichealthcareservicesbeabletoaffordservicesotherthanthemostbasicItisdifficulttobuildtrustbetweenimmigrantclientsandcaregiversbecause .caregivershavelittleoverseasworkingexperiencecaregiversmaynotspeaktheclients’nativelanguagecaregivershaveastrongsenseofculturalsuperioritycaregiversareaversetotheclients’ethnicbackgroundWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?Understandingdifferentculturesisnecessaryinofferinggoodservices.Lackofinformationandrespectisacommonproblemamongcaregivers.Ethnicpopulationsaregainingsignificantinfluenceinthehealthcaresystem.Itisunreasonabletoemphasizespecificconditionsinimmigrants’nativehomes.Whichofthefollowingisimportantwhenthefamilyapproachisadopted?Sufficientresourcesshouldbeguaranteedtoensurethesuccess.Thedailylifeofthefamilyshouldbecaredforfirstandforemost.Fearamongfamilymembersshouldberelievedatthebeginningstage.Whatisincludedintheprogramsshouldbebothpracticalandpracticable.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocusonintermsofservicestoimmigrantfamilies?Howtoestablishanimmigrant-friendlyneighborhood.Howtohelpimmigrantsenjoyavailablehealthcareservices.Howtomakeanassessmentoftheexistinghealthcareservices.Howtoassistcaregiversinunderstandingimmigrants’familyinfluence.PassageFourThisyearmarkthe10thanniversarofthedeadlieventinU.S.historheSpanishinfluenzaepidemicof1918.Althoughscienceandtechnologyhaveadvancedtremendouslyoverthepastcentury,thePandemicperilremains;arecentexerciseattheJohnsHopkinsCenterHealthSecurityshowedthatanepidemicofaninfluenza-likeviruscouldkill15millionAmericainasingleyear.Themedicalcommunity’sresponsetothisdangeris,understandably,focusedonresearchangresponediscoveringnewvaccines,therapeutics,anddiagnosticsandfightingongoingepidemics,suchasthecurrentEbolaoutbreakinCongo.Buttheseurgentundertakingsarenotsufficient.Worldistotacklemanyfactorsthatraiseourriskofadevastatingpandemic,themedicalcommumayhavetoentertheatresofoperationbeyondthelaboratorybenchandthetreatmentunitandpubliclyengagewithcontroversialissuesthatsomeobserverswouldconsidernonmedical.Indeed,Ibelievethatonlysucheffortscansaveusfromthesocialtrends,politicalmovements,andpofailuresthatarcelevatingourriskofapandemic.Therearethreeaspectsinparticularwheremedicalcommunity’sinterventionisurgentlyneeded.Firstistherisingtideofisolationismandeohimnyhigh-incomenations,particularlytheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountries.Thebeliefthatisolatingourselvesfromworldcanpreventthespreadofdiseasesisirrational:wecanbuildnowallhighenoughtokeepinfectiousdiseasesanddiscase-bearingvectors.Thesecondtrendisthegrowingtideofantiscientificthinkingandresistancetoevidence-bmedicine.Inlow-incomecountries,skepticismaboutvaccinesisaneverlastingchallenge,butweareseeingintheUnitedStatesandEuropeissomethingverydifferent,andverydangerous.Tgrowingrefusaofparentinhigh-incomcountrietovaccinattheichildreisthetiofanicebergthatcouldsinkusallintheeventofanepidemicdemandingrapidvaccinedeploymentanacceptance.Finally,andperhapsmostfundamentally,medicalprofessionalscanstepintothepublicarentotakeonunpleasantandcontentiouspoliticalissuessuchasclimatechangeandisolationism.membersofthemedicalcommunityprefertoavoidbecominginvolvedincontroversialissuesthatseemtobeoutsidethescopeofmedicalconcerns,buttheirvoicesareneededtoconfrontsuchWhatdoestheauthormainlydointhefirstparagraph?Warntheworldagainsttheupcominginfluenzapandemic.Givecredittotremendousadvancesinscienceandtechnology.Remindthereadersofthepotentialdevastatingpandemicperils.ReflectontheseverityoftheSpanishinfluenzaepidemicof1918.Toaddresstheincreasingriskofpandemics,theauthorsuggeststhatthemedicalcommunity .focusmoreontheurgentundertakingspaymoreattentiontoresearchandresponsemakequickerresponseinfightingongoingepidemicsgetmoreactivelyengagedwithissuesotherthanmedicalAccordingtoParagraph3,whatdotheUnitedStatesandEuropeancountriesneedtodotopreventinfectiousdiseasesanddisease-bearingvectors?Tobuildhighwails. B.Tomaintainanopenmentality.C.Toisolatethemselvesfromeachoeolearnfromotherhigh-incomenations.WhatcanbesaidofthesecondtrendmentionedinParagraph4?Skepticismaboutvaccinescanbetackledeasily.Antiscientificthinkingisnotseriousinlow-incomecountries.High-incomecountriesshouldlearnfromlow-incomecountries.Parentalresistancetovaccinatingtheirchildrencanbedisastrous.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Medicalconcernsareascontroversialasnonmedicalissues.Medicalprofessionalsshouldbemoreconcernedwithmedicalissues.Moreandmoremedicalprofessionalsareinvolvedincontroversialissues.Themedicalcommunityshouldplayamoreactiveroleincontroversialissues.PassageFiveInmedicalterminology,thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatorder.Asaphysician,youdonotengageapatientintheneurologicalexaminationuntilgatheredthedetailsofhisorherdebilitatingheadaches.Butatonetimeinourmedicalcareers,weareinstructedtoperformthemostthoroughphysiexaminationpossiblewithoutlearningsomuchasthepatient’sname.Allwearegivenisananatablenumber,anage,andacauseofdeath.Weworkourwaythroughtnglabsearching,andfeelingeverymuscle,bone,andorgan-andwewriteourpatients’historiesTobetterunderstandthelifeofthewomanwhohaddonatedherbodyformyeducation,IcreatedtheObitua）WritingProgramatGeorgetownUniversityduringmyfirstyearofmedicalschool.Iworkedwithanobituarywriter,EmilyLanger,todevelopaworkshoptohelpinterestedmedicalstudentsreflectonthelivesthattheircorpsesmayhavelived.Sheinstructontheartofweavingdisconnectedmemoriesintoasinglestory.Aseriesofcreativewritingresultedinonestudent’sstoryofadramaticfootballinjuryoccurringinthemiddleofamatch.Thismomentinhiscorpse’slifewasimaginedfromapnroenathmassivelayersofmuscle.Thefirstconversationwithmydonor’ssonlastedoveranhourdespitemyinitialfearthatwouldaskthewrongquestionsorofferthewrongwordsofsympathy.Hismotherwasasmall-townfarmgirlfromWisconsin.Dr.CarolKennedy,GeorgetownUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Classof1972.ShewasadevoutCatholicwhoconsideredbeingaphysicianaprivilegeandanopportunitoservothersShewantedtocontinutoservevenafteherdeathbydonatinherbodytoGeorgetownUniversityinordertoeducatefuturemedicalstudentslikeme.Wehavefinallyputthehistoryinitsrightfulplaceedsserviewthefamiliesoftheirdonorsbeforemakingthefirstcutintheanatomylab.Ourcorpsesareourcounterparntheprivilegatient-physiclationshdnowweareabletobeginthatpartnershipjustaswehopetodothroughouttherestofourmedicalcareers.Thestatementthat“thewordshistoryandphysicalalmostalwaysappeartogetherinthatcanbebestinterpretedas .historytakingisusuallyprecededbyphysicalexaminationhistorytakingisusuallytaughtbeforephysicalexaminationhistorytakingisusuallyovershadowedbyphysicalexaminationhistorytakingisusuallyperformedbeforephysicalexaminationWhatistheteachingapproachintheanatomylabdescribedinParagraph2?Identifyingtherealcauseofthepatient’sdeath.Learninganatomybytakingpatients’historiesintoaccount.Trainingstudentshowtodophysicalexaminationclinically.Writingpatients’historiesbasedonthephysicalexamination.WhatcanbesaidoftheObituaryWritingProgramtheauthoratGeorgetownUniversity?Ithelpedstudentsimprovetheirwritingskills.Itwasaimedtoarousestudents’interestinanatomy.Itwasahumanewayofpayingrespecttobodydonors.Itwasaimedtotrainthestudents’skillsinphysicalexamination.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheinformationtheauthorobtainedaboutDr.CarolKennedyhistal