非謂語動詞-1課件

非謂語動詞_1非謂語非謂語動詞_1非謂語動詞動名詞v-ing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞v-ing過去分詞p.p動詞不定式todo非謂語動詞_1一般式完成式被動式動名詞doinghavingdonebeingdone不定式todo(將做)tohavedone(將完成)tobedone(將被做)分詞donedoing(正在)/havingdone()/beingdone(正在被做)非謂的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”非謂語動詞_11.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主語）（作賓語）（作表語）（作定語）動名詞非謂語動詞_1enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作賓語①非謂語動詞_1adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意非謂語動詞_1lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③非謂語動詞_1likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo4非謂語動詞_1forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo5非謂語動詞_1needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone6非謂語動詞_1動詞不定式1.Toseeyouisglad.=Itisgladtoseeyou.2.Iwanttoseeyou.3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.4.Myhopeistoseeyou.（作主語）(作賓語）（作賓補）(作表語）常用it作形式主語非謂語動詞_1句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品質(zhì)的

）（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的

）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.

(1)作主語

非謂語動詞_1It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+謂語+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor.非謂語動詞_11.常見動詞有：口訣：想要決定同意，希望許諾選擇

want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose…(2)作賓語

2.見動名詞用法非謂語動詞_1wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorder

warnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作賓補

非謂語動詞_1分詞1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.

Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.

2.作后置定語3.作表語1.作前置定語非謂語動詞_1現(xiàn)分和過分作定語的區(qū)別：

boilingwater正在沸騰的水（表正在進行） boiledwater開水（表完成） developingcountries發(fā)展中國家 developedcountries發(fā)達國家 adisappointinglook一個令人失望的表情 adisappointedlook一個失望的表情注：修飾人的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（復印資料）非謂語動詞_1Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作補語現(xiàn)在分詞表主動進行，過去分詞表被動完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作狀語非謂語動詞_1Hearingthebadnews,

theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分詞作狀語：非謂語動詞_1Givenmoreattention,

thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention非謂語動詞_1Beingsoangry,

hecouldn’tgotosleep.Becausehewassoangry非謂語動詞_1Theycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheywereSingingandlaughing非謂語動詞_1Toservethepeoplewell,

Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell非謂語動詞_1將下列狀語從句改為非謂語短語作狀語：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,非謂語動詞_12.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,非謂語動詞_1Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime復印資料練習非謂語動詞_1不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別：1.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2聽：hear、listento1感覺：feel非謂語動詞_1seewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上詞語用于被動語態(tài)要還原“to”非謂語動詞_1make+sb./sth.do 讓…做…done 讓…被做+let+sb./sth.do 讓…做…bedone讓…被做+get+sb./sth.todo讓…做…doing 讓…做…done 讓…被做+非謂語動詞_1have+sb./sth.+do 讓…做…doing 讓…持續(xù)做…done 讓…被做注意：1.havesth.done還表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.

2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.非謂語動詞_12.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withleavesb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing讓某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled… +非謂語動詞_1keepsb./sth.doing 讓某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone 讓某人/某物被…(表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài))+Eg:Keeptheengine['end??n]running.

Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.非謂語動詞_1findsb./sth.doing 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物正在做...sb./sthdone 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物已經(jīng)…(表示完成/狀態(tài))sb./sth.(tobe) 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/某物…+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.catchsb.doing撞見某人正在做...+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.非謂語動詞_1withsb./sth.doing 表示主動且進行/表示特征sth.beingdone 表示被動且進行sth.done 表示被動且完成/表示狀態(tài)

sth.todo 表示將來+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.非謂語動詞_1五.動名詞的復合結(jié)構(gòu)1).物主代詞/名詞所有格+動名詞在句中作主語:

Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.

2).人稱代詞賓格/名詞+動名詞在句中作賓語:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.

Idon’tmindJack(him)

going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)

smoking.非謂語動詞_1獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

一般來說，分詞或分詞短語作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。但有時候，分詞的動作不是由句子的主語發(fā)出來的，它有自己的邏輯主語。

獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（IndependentGenitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語動詞(不定式、動名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語，多用于書面語。獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語，表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.非謂語動詞_11．獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：（1）名詞/代詞+-ing分詞及其短語

Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.

Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名詞/代詞+-ed分詞及其短語Good-byesaid,wewenthome.

Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.非謂語動詞_1（3）名詞/代詞+形容詞及其短語

Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.

Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名詞/代詞+不定式及其短語

Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.

Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.非謂語動詞_1（5）名詞/代詞+副詞及其短語

Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.

（6）名詞/代詞+介詞及其短語

Shestoodthere,bookinhand.

Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.非謂語動詞_12．with+復合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語相當于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語，其后面的詞相當于這個結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語。這個結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個用來說明附帶情況或細節(jié)的，可以起狀語作用的句子。翻譯時，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來。（1）with+名詞/代詞+名詞

Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.

Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.

非謂語動詞_1（2）with+名詞/代詞+介詞

Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.

Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.

Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名詞/代詞+副詞

Hewentoutwithhishaton.

Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithherlightson.非謂語動詞_14）with+名詞/代詞+形容詞

Don’tspeakwithyourmouthfull.

Theoncelowlyserfsnowwalkwithheadshigh.5）with+名詞/代詞+-ing分詞

Withtheoldmanleading,thetwostartedtowardthemountains.

Witheveryonesurroundinguswecancertainlysucceed.

Shefeltverynervouswithsomanypeoplelookingather.非謂語動詞_1（6）with+名詞/代詞+-ed分詞

Alltheafternoonheworkedwiththedoorlocked.

Hediedwithhislife’sworkstillunfinished.

Withhismattersettled,welefttheroom.（7）with+名詞/代詞+不定式

Theyarehighlymechanizedfarms,withmachinerytodomostofthework.

Thiswasaseveretest,withinnumerabledifficultiestobeovercome.

Withfiveminutestogobeforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedhere.非謂語動詞_13.由Therebeing+主語這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：Therebeingalotofbookstoread,heoftenstudiedtillmidnight.因為有許多書要讀，他經(jīng)常學習到深夜。非謂語動詞_1Thanksalot!非謂語動詞_1不定式、動名詞用作主語1。直接作主語（1）眼見為實（2）今天早晨做早操對身體無益（3）在這里吸煙很危險1.Toseeistobelieve2.Todomorningexercisestodayisnotgoodforhealth.3.Tosmokehereisdangerous（1）眼見為實。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸煙不是好習慣。1.Seeingisbelieving.2.Doingmorningexerciseseverydayisgoodforhealth3.Smokingisnotagoodhabit不定式與動名詞作主語的區(qū)別：不定式作主語時經(jīng)常表示具體動作，而動名詞作主語時經(jīng)常表示抽象動作非謂語動詞_1A:如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，

可以在不定式前加一個由for引起的短語。

Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容詞作表語時，不定式前常加一個of引起的短語，這些形容詞是：

(表評價性的，來說明邏輯主語的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性）

kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.非謂語動詞_1動名詞作主語用it作形式主語，有自己特定的句型（1）廣說不做沒用（2）做無益的后悔沒用（3）吸煙太多無益（4）學好英語是值得做的4.It’sworthwhilelearningEnglishwell.2.用it作形式主語，常與nouse,nogood,useless,worthwhile連用1.It’snousetalkingtoomuchwithoutdoinganything2.It’suselesscryingoverthespiltmilk3.It’snogoodsmokingtoomuch1.It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.2.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.3.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruth?4.Itisgreatfun_____(play)golf.非謂語動詞_1小結(jié)：動名詞與不等式作主語時的區(qū)別一、對稱原則二、特殊表達三、固定句型四、習慣用法主語和表語對稱動名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復發(fā)生的動作不等式表示具體的、某一次的動作IttakessbsometimetodosthIt’snouse/nogood/useless/worthwhile+doing…It’skind/wise/clever…ofsbtodosthIt’simportant/necessary/hard…forsbtodosth非謂語動詞_1（3）做表語：主語+系動詞+不定式1).其主語多為抽象名詞(wish,need)Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).betodo可構(gòu)成將來時態(tài),表“準備/打算/計劃/需要”;

Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.非謂語動詞_1不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定語

不定式作定語時，

通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

非謂語動詞_1不定式動詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。

Shecoulddonothingbutcry．

Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．(4)作定語

不定式作定語時，

通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：

I

have

a

lot

of

work

to

do.

Here

are

some

books

for

you

to

read.

She

was

the

first

person

to

think

of

the

idea.

They

made

a

plan

to

study

English

.

He

expressed

his

wish

to

visit

the

Great

Wall.

非謂語動詞_11).目的狀語:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加inorder/soas/so…asto表強調(diào).Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime2).結(jié)果狀語:主要用在enoughto/too…to…/onlyto結(jié)構(gòu)中。Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因狀語:主語+系動詞+adj.+todo表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pl