Unit 4 Reading and Thinking 課件-2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

人教版（2019）選擇性必修一Unit4BodyLanguageReadingandThinkingUnderstandbodylanguage

LearningobjectivesBytheendofthissection,youwillbeableto:1.learnsomenewwords,suchasinteraction,appropriateandapprove;2.readaboutthefunctionofbodylanguageanditsimplicationsindifferentcultures;3.graspthefeatureofexpositorywriting,likeitsstructureandlanguage;4.learnareadingstrategyaboutmakinginferencesbylookingatthecluesinthepassage;5.thinkcriticallyaboutbodylanguagebyrelatingittoyourowncultureandpersonalexperiences;6.respectdifferentcultures.本句出自羅蘭·巴特，言外之意是，在實(shí)際生活里，因?yàn)楦鞣N原因，言語(yǔ)表達(dá)并不完全真實(shí)可信。人們需要“察言觀色”，通過(guò)邏輯推理并觀察對(duì)方行為表現(xiàn)、肢體語(yǔ)言，甚至微表情來(lái)做綜合判斷。WhatIhidebylanguage,mybodyutters.—RolandBarthes我的身體會(huì)說(shuō)出我用言語(yǔ)掩飾的話。——羅蘭·巴特Let’slookanddiscuss.Lead-in

Wherearethey?

Whatmightthepeoplebedoinginthephotos?Whatdoyouthinktheymightbefeeling?Whydoyouthinkso?Agirliscovering

herfacewithherhand.

Awomansittingnexttoherislookingather.Maybeshereceivedbadnews.

Thegirlmightbefeelingdepressed.Thewomansittingnexttoherlooksworried.Twomenareclappinghandsandtwowomenarelaughing.Maybetheydidwellinaprojecttogether.Theseyoungpeoplelookhappyandcheerful.Twobusinessmenareshakinghandsandbowingtoeachother.Maybetheyaremakingabusinessdeal.Theyareshowingrespect.Theymightbeshowingrespecttoeachother.Amanishugginghisdaughterwhilehiswifeisstandingnexttohimandwatchingthem.Maybethemanisleavingforsomereason.Thedaughtermightbefeelingunwillingtoleaveherfather.Herfatherprobablyfeelsthesameway.Whenandhowdoyouusebodylanguagetoconveymeanings?Whenwordscan’tconveyfullywhatImean,ImayadoptsomebodylanguagetohelpshowhowIfeel.SampleAnswerChoosefivesentencesandactthemoutwithoutspeaking.Canyourpartnerguesswhatyouaretryingtocommunicate?Hello! Goodbye! Comehere! Goaway! Tooexpensive!I’msurprised! I’mtired. I’mconfused. OK! Goodluck!I’mhappy! I’mupset! I’msad! Iforgot! You’regreat!Howmanytypesofbodylanguagedoyoufindinyourperformance?facialexpressiongesturesmilemouthwide-openfrowncryshakehandsthumbupclaphands“OK”handLet’slookatthepicture.Whatdoyouthinktheyoungladymightwanttoconveywithherbodylanguage?OK?Zero?Money?...Pre-readingLet’slookatthetitleofthetext.Whatdoyouthinkwillbetalkedaboutinthetext?LISTENINGTOHOWBODIESTALKWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Wecanlearnalotaboutwhatpeoplearethinkingbywatchingtheirbodylanguage.Wordsareimportant,butthewaypeoplestand,holdtheirarms,andmovetheirhandscanalsogiveusinformationabouttheirfeelings.Skimthetextandfindthetopicsentencesoftheseparagraphs.While-readingJustlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.Forexample,makingeyecontact

—

lookingintosomeone’seyes

—

insomecountriesisawaytodisplayinterest.Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.Forexample,inmanyMiddleEasterncountries,menandwomenarenotsociallypermittedtomakeeyecontact.InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.Thegesturefor“OK”hasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.InFrance,apersonencounteringanidenticalgesturemayinterpretitasmeaningzero.However,youshouldavoidmakingthisgestureinBrazilandGermany,asitisnotconsideredpolite.Eventhegesturesweusefor“yes”and“no”

differaroundtheworld.Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.Bycomparison,inBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,thegestureshavetheoppositemeaning.Therearealsodifferencesinhowwetoucheachother,howclosewestandtosomeonewearetalkingto,andhowweactwhenwemeetorpart.IncountrieslikeFranceandRussia,peoplemaykisstheirfriendsonthecheekwhentheymeet.Elsewhere,peoplefavourshakinghands,bowingfromthewaist,ornoddingtheheadwhentheymeetsomeoneelse.Somegesturesseemtohavethesamemeaningeverywhere.Placingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Agoodwayofsaying“Iamfull”ismovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafterameal.Somebodylanguagehasmanydifferentuses.Perhapsthebestexampleissmiling.Asmilecanhelpusgetthroughdifficultsituationsandfindfriendsinaworldofstrangers.Asmilecanbreakdownbarriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologise,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.Expertssuggestsmilingatyourselfinthemirrortomakeyourselffeelhappierandstronger.Andifwearefeelingdownorlonely,thereisnothingbetterthanseeingthesmilingfaceofagoodfriend.Let’ssummarizethemainideaoftheseparagraphs.ParagraphMainidea1Introductiontobodylanguage2-456BodylanguagewithdifferentmeaningsindifferentculturesBodylanguagewithdifferentusesBodylanguagewiththesamemeaningeverywhereReadthefirstparagraphandanswerthefollowingquestions.Ontheonehand,thissentenceintroducesthethemeofthisarticle:bodylanguageplaysanimportantroleincommunicationasmuchaswords;Ontheotherhand,thissentenceisatransitionalsentence.MakeinferencesSometimesapassagedoesnotsaysomethingdirectly.However,youcanfigureitoutbylookingatthecluesinthepassage.1.Canyouguessthemeaningoftheword“interaction”accordingtothetext?2.Whatisthefunctionofthelastsentence?communicationReadparagraphs2-5,fillinthetableonpage39.Bodylanguage/GestureMeaningCountry/RegionEyecontactbetweenmenandwomenNotpoliteMiddleEastLookingdownwhentalkingtosomeoneOKsignKissingonthecheekPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesMovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafteramealasignofrespectmoneyzeroNotpoliteAgreetingIamsleepy.Iamfull.JapanJapanFranceBrazilandGermanyFranceandRussianMostplacesLet’spayattentiontotheparagraphs2-4andidentifyhoweachparagraphisdeveloped.Finishthemindmap.topicsentencessupportingidea1supportingidea2contrastgeneralspecificLet’sreadparagraph6andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Whatdifferentusesofsmilingarementionedinthisparagraph?Findoutthevariedsentencestructuresusedtoshowusesofsmiling.Asmilecan... Wecanuseasmileto...Expertssuggestsmiling... ...thereisnothingbetterthanseeing...1.HowisthebodylanguagementionedinthetextinterpretedinChina?Bodylanguage/GestureInterpretationinChinaEyecontactOKgestureNoddingone’sheadShakingone’sheadshakinghandsPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesMovingyourhandincirclesoveryourstomachafteramealinterest,friendlinessOK,agreementagreementdisagreementwhenmeetingsleepingIamfull.Post-reading2.CanyouthinkofanexampleofbodylanguagethatisappropriateinChinabutmightbemisunderstoodinanotherculture?Avoidingeyecontactandloweringone’sheadmaymeanrespectandbeingshyinChina,whereasinsomeothercountriesthisbodylanguagemaybeinterpretedasbeingrude.SampleAnswer3.Whatadviceonbodylanguagecanyougiveaforeignfriendonhis/herfirsttriptoChina?假如你是李華，你的英國(guó)朋友Robert準(zhǔn)備來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)，因此想了解一些中國(guó)人的肢體語(yǔ)言。請(qǐng)你用英語(yǔ)給他寫封郵件，向他介紹一些日常的肢體語(yǔ)言。注意：1.

詞數(shù)100左右；

2.

可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

3.

開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearRobert,

Iamgladtoreceiveyour

email.________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHuaDearRobert,Iamgladtoreceiveyouremail.NowIwilltellyousomethingaboutbodylanguageinChina.First,inChina,wewaveourhandstosay“hello”or“goodbye”.Second,weusuallygreetourguestsbyshakinghandswiththem.Ofcourse,somepeoplesmileinsteadofshakinghands.Third,whenyouareintroducedtoaChinesegroup,theymaygreetyouwithclappingtheirhands.Inaddition,likepeopleinmanyothercountries,wenodourheadstosay“yes”andshakeourheadstosay“no”.Lastbutnotleast,peoplewillholdtheirthumbsuptopraiseapersonifhedoessomethinggreat.Sometimes,webowtoshowgreatrespectandthankstoothers.Ihopethisinformationwillbehelpfultoyou.Yours,LiHuaSampleAnswerWatchthevideoSmileTrial,andthendiscussthequestionsingroups.Smilescanbeusedtohidefeelingslikeanger,fear,orworry.Canyoudescribeasituationwhereyoumightsmilewhenyoudon’tmeanit?Apartfromfakesmiles,isthereanyotherkindofbodylanguagethatcansometimesbefake?Whichisamorereliableguideforunderstandingsomeone’sfeelings,theirbodylanguageorthewordstheyspeak?SometimesIsmilewhenIamimpatient,butIknowIshouldn’tbe.Forexample,ifIamridingatrainandababystartscrying,Imaytrytosmile,becauseeventhoughthebaby’scryingisannoying,Iknowthatitisnotthebaby’sfaultandthereisprobablynothingthatcanbedone.Thereare“crocodiletears”.Thisiswhenapersonfakesfeelingsadorsympatheticforanotherperson.(Thephrasecomesfromanoldstorythatcrocodilescrywhiletheyareeating,asthoughtheyfeelsadfortheirvictim.)Theirbodylanguageismuchmorereliablethanthewordstheysay,becausemostpeoplehavetroublehidingtheiranger,disappointment(失望),orirritation(惱怒).SampleAnswersExerciseReviewthepassageandfillintheblankswiththeexpressions.LISTENINGTOHOWBODIESTALKThegeneralintroductionBothwordsandbodylanguageareusedto1.

thoughtsandopinions.Wecanlearnalotaboutothers’thoughtsbywatching2.

.ThebodylanguageindifferentculturesBodylanguage3.

fromculturetoculture.Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatis4.

tothecultureyouarein.expresstheirbodylanguagevariesappropriateThegesturefor“OK”Ithasdifferentmeaningsindifferentcultures.InJapanitmeans5.

.InFrance,itmeanszero.However,itisnotconsidered6.

inBrazilandGermany.Thegesturesfor“yes”and“no”Ingeneral,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”,andnoddingmeans“yes”.ButinBulgariaandsouthernAlbania,theyhavethe7.

.ThegestureswiththesamemeaningPlacingyourhandstogetherandrestingthemonthesideofyourheadwhileclosingyoureyesmeans“sleep”.Movingyourhand8.

overyourstomachafteramealmeans“Iamfull”.ThebodylanguagewithdifferentusesAsmilecanhelpus9.

difficultsituations,findfriendsinaworldofstrangers,and10._____________barriers.Wecanuseasmiletoapologise,togreetsomeone,toaskforhelp,ortostartaconversation.moneypoliteoppositemeaningincirclesgetthroughbreakdownWordsandExpressionsWeusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.(P38)

在與他人的交往中，我們用話語(yǔ)和肢體語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)自己的思想和觀點(diǎn)。interaction

/??nt?r??k??n/

n.

交流；相互影響搭配interactionbetweenperformersandtheiraudience

演員和觀眾之間的互動(dòng)thedegreeofinteractionbetweenteacherandstudent

師生之間交流的程度

例句Priceisdeterminedthroughtheinteractionofdemandandsupply.價(jià)格是通過(guò)供需消長(zhǎng)而定的。Howwouldthisaffecttheirinteractionswithothers?這會(huì)如何影響他們與他人的互動(dòng)？

Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.(P38)

不同的文化有著不同的肢體語(yǔ)言，這與口頭語(yǔ)言相似。vary

/?ve?ri/

vi.

（根據(jù)情況）變化；改變搭配varyfromsthtosth

從……到……之間變化varyslightly

有少許不同

例句Testscoresvaryfromschooltoschool.測(cè)驗(yàn)成績(jī)各校不同。Cookingtimesmayvaryslightly,dependingonyouroven.烹飪時(shí)間可能略有不同，因烤爐而異。Thecrucialthingisusingbodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.(P38)

使用肢體語(yǔ)言時(shí)，最重要的是要符合你所處的文化。appropriate

/?'pr??pri?t/

adj.

合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆鋓tisappropriate(forsb)todosth

（對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)）做某事適宜

例句Nowthattheproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.現(xiàn)在既已找出問(wèn)題的癥結(jié)，即可采取適當(dāng)行動(dòng)。Itwouldnotbeappropriateformetodiscussthatnow.我現(xiàn)在來(lái)討論那件事不合時(shí)宜。Inothercountries,bycontrast,eyecontactisnotalwaysapprovedof.(P38)

相反，在另一些國(guó)家，眼神交流并不總是被認(rèn)可。approve

/?'pru?v/

vi.

贊成；同意

vt.

批準(zhǔn)；通過(guò)搭配approveofsb/sth

同意……

例句Doyouapproveofmyidea?你同意我的想法嗎？Thecommitteeunanimouslyapprovedtheplan.委員會(huì)一致通過(guò)了計(jì)劃。拓展disapprove

v.不贊同；反對(duì)

InJapan,itmaydemonstraterespecttolookdownwhentalkingtoanolderperson.(P38)

在日本，與年長(zhǎng)者交談時(shí)，目光下垂表示敬重。demonstrate

/'dem?nstre?t/

vt.

表現(xiàn)；表達(dá)；說(shuō)明；證明

例句Thestudydemonstratesthelinkbetweenpovertyandmalnutrition.這項(xiàng)研究證明了貧困與營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良之間的聯(lián)系。Thegovernmentnowhasanopportunitytodemonstrateitscommitmenttoreform.政府現(xiàn)在有機(jī)會(huì)證實(shí)其對(duì)改革的承諾了。拓展demonstration

n.游行，示威；示范，演示

InJapan,someonewhowitnessesanotherpersonemployingthegesturemightthinkitmeansmoney.(P38)

在日本，一個(gè)人看到另外一個(gè)人使用這一手勢(shì)，可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這表示金錢。witness

/'w?tn?s/

vt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)看到；目擊；見(jiàn)證

n.

目擊者；證人

例句Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.幾位居民稱目擊了這個(gè)襲擊事件。Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingso