E英語教程(第二版)教師用書3-U4

Unit4ListeningandspeakingPronunciationandlisteningskillsScriptsHernameisMary.↘HernameisMary.↗Thespeakerdoesn’tbelieveit.Thespeakerhasmentionedthenameseveraltimesandbecomeimpatient.HernameisMary.∨HernameisMary.∧ThespeakerstatesclearlythatsheisMary.Thespeakerdidn’thearthenameandwantsthenametoberepeated.NewsreportScriptsInrecentyears,thePalaceMuseumculturehasbecomeahit.“DiscovertheForbiddenCity”isaninteractiveexperiencesponsoredbyChinaCulturalCentreinSydneyandthePalaceMuseum.Aspartoftheexperience,culturalcommunicationactivitieswereheldatfourlocalschoolsinSydneyfromNovember21toNovember22.Theyaimedtoincreaselocalstudents’understandingofChineseculture.Attheevents,twolecturersintroducedtheculturalresourcesinthePalaceMuseuminEnglish.Aftertheintroduction,craftingactivitiesincludingaddingcolortopicturesshapedlikedragonrobesbecamethehighlightsoftheevent.AustraliaisthefourthstationoftheinteractiveexperiencetourfollowingMalta,SingaporeandThailand.ThePalaceMuseumwillcontinuetoorganizemoreinteractiveactivitiestopromoteitscollectionsandChineseculture.Keys1C2C3DConversationScriptsAlice:Hey,LiLei.AndrewandIhavebeeninvitedtoaChinesehomefordinner.Wewonderwhatgiftstotake.LiLei:Whatdoyouhaveinmind?Alice:I’mthinkingaboutsomedecorations,suchasflowers,aclock,and…LiLei:Hangon,didyousay“clock”?Uh,actuallywedon’tgiveclocksaspresents,especiallytoolderpeople.Alice:Doyoumeanit’sabadideatogiveclocksaspresents?Butwhy?LiLei:Well,theyhaveafuneralconnotationinChina.Alice:Canyouexplainthat?LiLei:TheChinesepronunciationof“clock”isthesamewiththatof“end”.Thelatteroneusuallysuggestsaperson’sdeath.Sopresentingaclockasagiftisataboo.Alice:Isee.Thanksforyouradvice.LiLei:You’rewelcome!Keys11F2T3F2?1Hangon,didyousay…??3Doyoumean…??5Canyouexplainthat?3SampleconversationsSituation1Lily:Hi,John.IamplanningtovisitBeijing,andthisismyfirsttime.IwaswonderingifyoucouldtellmesomethingaboutBeijingsinceyouhavebeentherebefore.John:Sure.It’smypleasure.Lily:Whatistheweatherlikethere?John:It’susuallyverycoldanddryinwinter.Youshouldbringadowncoatwithyou.AndtherearesomanybeautifulscenicspotsinBeijing.You’dbetterplanoutinadvance.Lily:Couldyoubemorespecific?John:Beforeyougotovisitthescenicspots,youshouldgettoknowtherouteandthemeansoftransportationthedaybefore.Itwillsaveyoutime.Youcanalsogathersomeinformationabouttheplacesyou’regoingtovisit.Lily:Isee.Thankyou.Situation2Sammy:Stacey,I’mveryinterestedintennislatelyandIwanttolearnhowtoplayit.Couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutit?Stacey:Sure.Whatdoyouwanttoknow?Sammy:Iwouldliketoknowthebasicrulesinplayingtennis.Stacey:Theoverallgoaloftennisistogainpointstowingames(局),sets(盤),andmatches.Aplayerwinsasetwhenhewinssixgames,providedheisaheadofhisopponentbytwogames.Sammy:Wouldyouelaborateonthat?Stacey:Ifthedifferencebetweentheplayersislessthantwogames,thegamemaycontinuetilleitherwinsthesetbyamarginoftwo.Sammy:Isee.Thanksfortheinformation.Stacey:You’rewelcome.PassageScriptsCustomsareoftendifferentfromcountrytocountry.Takegreetingforexample.WhenpeoplemeeteachotherforthefirsttimeinEngland,theysay“Howdoyoudo?”andshakehands.They,however,don’tdosoiftheyseeeachotherregularly.Differently,Germansaregreathand-shakers.Peoplehaveknownthatitishelpfultolearnsomeofthecustomsofothercountriesbeforegoingabroad.Butsometimesfunnystoriesstillhappen.Lastyear,agroupofGermanstudentswenttoEnglandforaholiday.TheirteachertoldthemthattheEnglishpeoplehardlyshakehands.SowhentheymettheirEnglishfriendsatthestation,theykepttheirhandsbehindtheirbacks.TheEnglishstudents,however,hadlearnedthattheGermansshakehandsasoftenaspossible,sotheyputtheirhandsinfrontandgotreadytoshakehandswiththem.Itmadebothofthemlaugh.Keys11B2C21T2F3F4FReadingPassageALanguagepoints1.…ifyoutravel，youseenewcustoms,meetnewpeople,eatnewfood,donewthings,andcomebackhomemorebroad-minded.(Para.1)broad-minded:a.willingtolistentootherpeople’sopinionsandacceptbehaviorthatisdifferentfromyourown心胸開闊的[Note]后綴-minded可放在一些形容詞后構(gòu)成新的形容詞，表示某種態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的”。如：narrow+minded=narrow-minded心胸+minded=absent-minded心不在“具有某種特點(diǎn)的；持有狹隘的，氣量小的；absent焉的，健忘的。2.Notasgoodasours,mindyou,buttheywereacceptable.(Para.2)[Note]mindyou用作插入語，意為“請注意”。e.g.Theyprovideagoodservice.Mindyou,theychargeenoughforit.3.Ihadfriedeggsandchips,butittakesquiteanefforttogettheFrenchtomakethem.(Para.2)quitea/an/some:usedbeforeanounforemphasizingthatsth.isunusualorinteresting（后接名詞表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）相當(dāng)（不尋?；蛴腥ぃ〆.g.KobeBryantwasquiteagoodbasketballplayer.[Note]句中it為形式主語，togettheFrenchtomakethem為邏輯主語。4.Anddoyouknow,theyinsistedthatitwasmarmalade?(Para.2)insist:v.tosayfirmlyandrepeatedlythatsth.istrue,esp.whenotherpeoplethinkitmaynotbetrue堅(jiān)稱；堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為e.g.Beninsistedthathewasright.Jenny’sfriendsinsistedshehadtriedherbest.5.Ithoughtituselesstoexplainthatweborrowedtheword“marmalade”fromFrench,andthatitmeans,inthatlanguage,anykindofjam.(Para.3)[Note]我們有時(shí)可以用it作先行賓語。該結(jié)構(gòu)為成該結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有find、make、feel、consider、regard等。it作為先行賓語。如果動(dòng)詞的賓語是動(dòng)詞不定式詞組或從句，并帶有形容詞或名詞補(bǔ)語，就用“主語+動(dòng)詞+it+補(bǔ)語+動(dòng)詞不定式/從句”?？梢詷?gòu)e.g.Doyoufinditworthwhiletocreateanewplatform?Thebossdidn’tfeelitnecessarytomentionthistohisemployees.[Note]不定式toexplain后面跟了兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。6.HehadgonetoFrancedeterminedtolivethereexactlyasifhewereinEnglandandhadjudgeditentirelyfromhisownEnglishviewpoint.(Para.3)[Note]determinedtodosth.意為“決心做某事”。e.g.Thisfootballteamwasdeterminedtowinthegame.[Note]fromsb’sownviewpoint意為“從某人的角度考慮”。e.g.Theexperiencedheadmastertoldtheyoungteachertothinkoftheproblemfromthechild’sviewpoint.7.Peopleofalldifferentraces,inallforeigncountries,canbefoundjudgingwhattheysee,hear,taste,andsmellaccordingtotheirownhabitsandcustoms.(Para.4)[Note]介詞短語ofalldifferentraces和inallforeigncountries為后置定語，修飾people。[Note]befounddoingsth.表示“被發(fā)現(xiàn)正在做某事或處于某種狀態(tài)”。e.g.Theartstudentwasfoundtryingtocopythestatue.[Note]judging為現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語。8.Peoplewhohavereadalotaboutforeigncountriestendtobemorereadytoacceptandadjusttoforeignthings…(Para.4)[Note]adjusttosth.意為“適應(yīng)某事物；習(xí)慣某事物”。e.g.Ittooktheoldladyseveralsecondstoadjusttothedarkness.9.Butactualphysicalcontactwiththingsoneisnotusedtoismuchmoredifficulttobear.(Para.4)be/getusedto(doing)sth.:tohaveexperiencedsth.,sothatitdoesnotseemsurprising,difficult,

strangeetc.anymore習(xí)慣于（某事物）e.g.Igotoschoolbybuseveryday,soI’musedtoit.[Note]本句中oneisnotusedto為定語從句，先行詞是things。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞that被省略了。關(guān)系代詞who、whom、which和that在定語從句中作賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。e.g.Whoistheman(that/who/whom)youweretalkingto?Isthereanything(that)youwanted?10.Physicaldifferences,however,arenotsodifficulttoadapttoasreligiousandethicalones.(Para.5)notso...(as):usedforsayingthatonepersonorthinghaslessofaparticularqualitythananother不如……e.g.Theideaisnotsoperfectasitsounds.Thesituationisnotsobadashasbeendescribed.[Note]adaptto意為“適應(yīng)”。e.g.Moststudentshavelittledifficultyadaptingtocollegelife.11.WhenaforeigneroffersanIndonesiansomethingwithhislefthand,orholdsouthislefthandtotakesomethingheisbeingoffered,theIndonesianmayexplainthisactionrationallyasarisingfromadifferenceincustom,butthedeepprejudiceagainsttheuseofthelefthand,whichtheyhavebeenlecturedaboutoverandoveragainsincetheywereyoung,willnotbesoeasilydoneawaywith.(Para.5)overandover(again):repeatedly再三地，反復(fù)地e.g.Theweightlifterhadtoliftdifferentweightsanddoitoverandoveragain.doawaywith:togetridofsth.擺脫；廢除e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthemandoawaywiththebadhabitsthatmightdamagehishealth.[Note]explain…as…意為“把……解釋為”。e.g.Thestudentexplainedhisabsencefromclassasaresultofatrafficjam.[Note]arisefrom/outof:意為“由……引起；由……產(chǎn)生”。e.g.Accidentsarisefromcarelessness.[Note]prejudiceagainststh./sb.:對某事物/某人的偏見e.g.Theyaccusedhimofhavingaprejudiceagainsthiswomenemployees.12.Therearesometravelerswhoadaptsosuccessfullytoforeigncustomsandhabitsthattheyareoftenseverelycriticizedbytheirmorestubbornfellowcountrymen.(Para.6)[Note]so…that…意為“如此……以至于……”。so后跟形容詞或副詞，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀

語從句。e.g.Thelessonwassointerestingthatallthestudentslistenedtotheirteacherwithoutanydistraction.13.IftheyareAsians,theyareaccusedofhavingbecome“Westernized”;andiftheyareEuropeans,peoplesaytheyhave“gonenative”.(Para.6)accuse:v.tosaythatsb.hasdonesth.bad指責(zé)e.g.Herassistantwasaccusedoftheftandfraudbythepolice.gonative:tostartlivinglikelocalpeoplewhenyouareinanothercountry過當(dāng)?shù)厝说纳?；入鄉(xiāng)隨俗e.g.Thetouristsdecidedtogonativeandsamplethelocalcuisine.14.Perhapstheidealwouldbethattravelcouldmakepeopletolerantofthehabitsandcustomsofotherswithoutabandoningtheirown.(Para.7)tolerant:a.allowingpeopletodo,say,orbelievewhattheywantwithoutpunishingorcriticizingthem寬容的；容忍的e.g.Weshouldbetolerantoftheviewsofothers,evenifwedisagreewiththem.Translation旅游能開闊眼界嗎？1我們經(jīng)常聽到人們說旅游能開闊眼界。如果你一輩子都待在自己家里，那么你的視野就很狹隘；如果你旅游，你就會(huì)看到不一樣的風(fēng)俗，遇到不一樣的人，吃不一樣的食物，做不一樣的事情，回來后你的眼界就更開闊了。2但是，情況是否總是這樣呢?我有一個(gè)熟人，一直住在英國，以前從未出過國，直到去答道?！拔沂裁春脰|西沒炸魚加薯?xiàng)l不錯(cuò)。說真的，雖然不像我可以接受?？墒窃绮途秃懿顒?。我吃過煎雞蛋和炸土豆條，但是讓法國些東西來可就費(fèi)事了。我要橘子醬時(shí)，他們卻給我拿來了草莓醬。他們硬說那就是橘子醬，你知道嗎。問題在于他們不懂英語。3我想，向他解釋marmalade一詞是從法語借來的，在法語是沒用的。于是我說：“難道你名的法國美食？沒有！每次吃的都是英國美食！從來都沒有吃過那些花哨的東西！”顯然，旅行年夏天，他才決定到法國旅行。回來后，我問他覺得怎么樣。“糟糕透了，”他回在那里連一杯好茶也喝不到。謝天謝地，我現(xiàn)在回來了?！蔽覇査谀沁叧赃^有。他說：“哦，正餐還好，我發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)小地方做的們做得那么好，但是人做出這”中這個(gè)詞指任何一種果醬，這”他說?！爱?dāng)并沒有開闊沒有吃什么有”“什么？我？然他的眼界。他去了法國，卻硬要在那里過著和英國完全一樣的生活，并且遇事也完全按照英國人的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行判斷。4這種情況當(dāng)外國都依然按照他們自己的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣來判斷看到于外國的書的人往往更能開闊了。事實(shí)上，如果一個(gè)人對外國風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的了解只停留在書本和電影上，那么他風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就比較容易做到寬容大度。當(dāng)英國人讀到一些熱帶國家的公共衛(wèi)生設(shè)施狀況時(shí)，當(dāng)然不僅僅發(fā)生在去法國旅行的英國人身上。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)所有不同種族的人到了、聽到、嘗到和聞到的東西。閱讀過大量關(guān)接受和適應(yīng)外國事物，但這是因?yàn)樗麄兊难劢缭陂_始旅行之前就較對這些

那些熱帶國家的居民讀到有關(guān)倫敦寒冷和經(jīng)常細(xì)雨綿綿的天氣時(shí)，他們都會(huì)試圖做到客觀和寬容。但真正親身接觸自己不習(xí)慣的事物卻難以忍受得多。5比起宗教和倫理的差異來說，適應(yīng)具體的、實(shí)在的差異卻沒那么困難。印度尼西亞人從很小起就被訓(xùn)練只用右手給或接?xùn)|西。在他們看來，左手是不干凈的。當(dāng)外國人用左手給印度尼西亞人東西，或伸出左手接別人給的東西時(shí)，印度尼西亞人可能會(huì)理性地解釋這一動(dòng)作是由于風(fēng)俗上的差異產(chǎn)生的。但是從小就被一遍遍地訓(xùn)誡不要使用左手的深刻偏見卻并不是輕而易舉可以擺脫掉的。6有的旅行者非常成功地適應(yīng)了國外的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，因此，他們經(jīng)常遭到本國較為固執(zhí)的同胞們的嚴(yán)厲批評。如果他們是亞洲人，他們會(huì)被指責(zé)為變得“西化”了；如果他們是歐洲人，人們則說他們已經(jīng)“本土化”了。哪一種態(tài)度更好：是頑固自滿地反對外國事物，還是不再確信自己國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣是唯一正確的？7理想的狀況或許是，旅行能夠使人寬容地對待別國的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，而又不放棄自己的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。評判外國人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)難道不應(yīng)該是看他是否努力做到禮貌而又顧及別人的感受，而不是看他們的行為舉止是否和我的一樣嗎？KeysPre-reading1MymostinterestingtravelexperienceismytourinHawaiiwithmyfriend.Hawaiiisabeautifulplace,andwetookmanypicturesandvideosthere.OurHawaiiactivitiesrangedfromlandandairtours,night-timeentertainmentshows,surfing,andsnorkelingtoenjoyingthefamousfoodthere.Alloftheseactivitiesareexcitingandimpressive.2·Ilikethreeaspectsabouttraveling.First,bytravelingIcanenjoythebeautifulscenery,thusmakingmyselfrelaxedandrefreshed.Second,Icanmeetdifferentpeople,getsomeideasofdifferenttraditionsandcustoms,andtastedifferentlocalfoods.Inthisway,Icanunderstandhowotherpeoplelive.Third,travelingwillnotonlyhelpmegainknowledgeabouttheoutsideworld,butalsomakemelessnarrow-minded.Travelingdoesbenefitmebothmentallyandphysically.·Idislikethreeaspectsabouttraveling.First,forme,travelingrequiresaconsiderableamountofmoneyandenergy.Thetransportandaccommodationmaybeexpensive.Moreover,Ioftengettiredbeforearrivingatthedestination,andevenmoretiredonthejourneyhome.Besides,Imayrunintodifficultieswhiletravelingabroad,becauseIknowlittleaboutforeignlanguages.Comprehension11C2D3C4D2Whenpeopletravelabroad,theyneedtoadjustthemselvestonotonlyphysicaldifferencesbutreligiousandethicalonesaswell.Thewritersuggestspeoplebetolerantofthehabitsandcustomsoftheforeignerswithoutabandoningtheirown.Vocabularyandstructure11criticize2acquaintance3detached4considerate5fancy6ethical21belimitedto2doneawaywith3certainty4accused5gonative6viewpoint31open-minded2like-minded3single-minded4narrow-minded5absent-minded41Wefounditdifficulttounderstandhim.2Theythoughtitwrongnottoinviteher.3Icountitmyhonortoservethepeople.4Georgebelievedithisdutytotellherthesecret.5Thewomanjudgesitunnecessarytoarguewithherfriends.Bankedcloze1social2protect3fancy4enhance5sanitary6tolerant7harmonious8relatedTranslation11事實(shí)上，如果一個(gè)人對外國風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣的了解只停留在書本和電影上，那么他對這些風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣就比較容易做到寬容大度。2理想的狀況或許是，旅行能夠使人寬容地對待別國的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，而又不放棄自己的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。2InChina,manyvillageshavepromotedthevigorousdevelopmentofruraltourismbyactivelyinnovatingtourismdevelopmentmodesandrationallydevelopingtourismresources.Ruraltourismenablespeopleincitiestodoawaywiththechoresoflifeandwork,getclosertonature,andbroadenthemind.PassageBBackgroundinformationWilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)isconsideredbymanytobethegreatestwriterintheEnglishlanguage.ShakespearewasborninStratford-upon-AvoninWarwickshire,England.Hewroteover150sonnetsinhislifetime,butheismorefamousforhisplaysthanhispoems.“Tobe,ornottobe,thatisthequestion”fromHamlet,oneofhismostperformedplays,isaveryfamousShakespeareanline.TheBanquet,releasedasLegendoftheBlackScorpionintheU.S.,isa2006Chinesemovie.SetintheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdomsperiodin10th-centuryChina,themovieisanadaptionofWilliamShakespeare’stragedyHamlet.TangXianzu(1550-1616)wasaChineseplaywrightandalow-levelofficialoftheMingDynasty.Heretiredin1598andreturnedtohishometownwherehefocusedonwriting.ThePeonyPavilion(《牡丹亭》),generallyconsideredhismasterpiece,isatouchingstoryaboutfreeloveandstrongpassion.Languagepoints1.ThetheatricalappealofShakespeareanplaysisstillgoingstronginChinaafteralltheseyearssincetheirdebut,fulfillingthecareersofgenerationsofChineseactorsandactresses.(Para.1)debut:n.thefirstpublicappearanceofanentertainer,sportsplayer,etc.初次亮相；首次登臺e.g.Aimedatattractingyoungaudiences,themusicalwillmakeitsdebutinBeijingthisSeptember.[Note]fulfillingthecareersofgenerationsofChineseactorsandactresses為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。[Note]actress意為“女演員”。-ess附在名詞后表示女性。e.g.waitress女服務(wù)生hostess女主持人princess公主；王妃goddess女神2.SomeyearsagoIwasofteninvolvedindiplomaticnegotiations.(Para.2)beinvolvedinsth.:totakepartinanactivityorevent,orbeconnectedwithitinsomeway與……有關(guān)；參與；牽涉在內(nèi)e.g.Morethan30softwarefirmswereinvolvedintheproject.diplomatic:a.relatingtothemanagementofpoliticalrelationsbetweencountries外交的e.g.Thetwopeopleshaveenjoyedfriendlyrelationeversincetheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelation.3.Whenwewerelockedinastalemateandgoingnowhere,IoftenlikedtoquotefromHamlet,withasmalladaptationthough.(Para.2)belockedin/intosth.:tobeunabletochangeasituation陷入（某種無法改變的境地）e.g.Thisbankislockedin(to)athree-yearcontractwithanITcompany.stalemate:n.asituationinwhichitseemsimpossibletosettleanargumentordisagreement,andneithersidecangetanadvantage僵局；僵持

e.g.Thenextfewdaysandweekscouldproducemorestalemate,violence,oruncertainty.go/getnowhere:tomakenoprogress無進(jìn)展e.g.Theproposalwentnowhereintheconferencebetweenthetwoparties.4.Icandrivehometheneedtoreachcompromiseoragreementwithoutsoundingtoopushy.(Para.3)drivesth.home:tomakesth.completelycleartosb.把……講明白；闡明e.g.Thespeakerdrovehispointhometoalltheaudienceatthemeeting.pushy:a.sb.whoispushydoeseverythingtheycantogetwhattheywantfromotherpeople咄咄逼人的e.g.Mostofthetime,Tom’sgirlfriendisbossyandpushy.5.Hisplaysarebeingadaptedintodifferentartforms,includingtheatricalplays,movies,andevenlocaloperas.(Para.4)[Note]arebeingadaptedinto為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為“is/am/are+being+v.-ed”。e.g.Theroadisbeingrepaired.Thecaseisbeinginvestigated.6.TangXianzuwroteThePeonyPavilion,whichhaslongbeenaninspirationtogenerationsofChineseplaywrightsandnovelists,andishighlyregardedasaworld-classplay.(Para.6)world-class:a.amongthebestintheworld世界一流水平的e.g.Hewasdeterminedtobecomeaworld-classplayer.[Note]關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句起補(bǔ)充說明作用,是對先行詞的附加說明。7.Itcombinesdramaandfairytalesandpresentsthebittersweetstoryoflovethatdefiesthelimitsofheavenandearth.(Para.7)bittersweet:a.involvingorcausingfeelingsofhappinessandsadnessatthesametime有苦有樂的；苦樂參半的這個(gè)單詞的構(gòu)成使用了矛盾修飾法（oxymoron）,即將兩個(gè)相互矛盾的詞放在一起，產(chǎn)生特殊的含義。矛盾修飾法的構(gòu)成包括如下幾種方式：a.+n.(alivingdeath)a.+a.(coldpleasantmanner)ad.+a.(wiselystupid)v.+ad.(shinedarkly)n.+n.(love-hate,life-and-death)

8.However,itisdisappointingtonotethatTang’snameandhisplaysarelittleknownintheU.K.,acountrywhichloveshistoryandhasatasteforgoodplays.(Para.8)[Note]本句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“it+be+a.+todosth.”,it為形式主語,不定式為邏輯主語。[Note]不定式tonote后面跟了一個(gè)賓語從句[Note]acountry是theU.K.的同位語,后面跟了一個(gè)限定性定語從句釋。。,對acountry做出解9.IsitallrightifweconcludethatitistimetheWestmadeanefforttolearnmoreaboutChina?(Para.8)isitallrightif...(又作woulditbeallrightif...):usedwhenaskingforpermissiontodosth.（做某事）可以嗎？e.g.IsitallrightifIopenthewindow?[Note]itistime后可以跟一個(gè)主語，后面帶一個(gè)過去式動(dòng)詞。意思是指現(xiàn)在。e.g.Itistimeyouwashedthosetrousers.I’mgettingtired.It’stimewewenthome.10.Ioftenfindthatmanyoftheproblemsinourrelationsarecausedormadeworsebyalackofknowledgeandunderstandingofeachother,makingitveryhardtocommunicateasweshould.(Para.10)[Note]alackofsth.意為“缺乏某物”。e.g.Thematchwascancelledduetoalackofsupport.[Note]makingitveryhardtocommunicate為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語。e.g.Thesnowlastedaweek,resultinginaserioustrafficjaminthewholearea.11.ThismaypartlyexplainwhythereissuchanimbalanceofinformationbetweenChinaandtheWest.(Para.12)imbalance:n.alackoffairorcorrectbalancebetweentwothings,whichresultsinproblemsorunfairness不平衡e.g.Therehaslongbeenatradeimbalancebetweenthetwocountries.12.…IgiveyouourwordthatwewillcontinuetosupportyourprogrammeandsupportculturalexchangesbetweentheU.K.andthecountrywerepresent.(Para.14)give(sb.)one’sword:topromisetodosomething向（某人）保證e.g.Mybrothergivesmehiswordthathewon’tentermyroomagainwithoutmypermission.[Note]文中that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,說明ourword的內(nèi)容。

Translation從莎翁到文化交流1從第一次登上中國舞臺到現(xiàn)在,這么多年過去了,莎士比亞戲劇在中國的魅力一直經(jīng)久不衰,他的作品被一代又一代的中國戲劇工作者演繹著。現(xiàn)在莎士比亞戲劇中的許多男女主人公在中國家喻戶曉，許多臺詞幾乎已成為地道的中文表達(dá)。2幾年前,我經(jīng)常參加外交談判。當(dāng)雙方僵持不下時(shí),我常借用《哈姆雷特》里的一句名言：“生存還是毀滅,這是個(gè)問題”,并稍作改動(dòng),說：“堅(jiān)持還是退讓,這是個(gè)問題?！?我發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話效果非常好。大家都熟這悉句話,因而都樂于接受。我可以借此來表達(dá)促成妥協(xié)或共識的態(tài)度,但又不顯得過于咄咄逼人。4近年來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民文化娛樂需求的日益增長國也越來越盛行。改編的形式多種多樣,有話劇、電影,甚至還有地方戲曲。5在此,我想告訴大家,在莎士比亞生活的年代,中國也同樣有一位偉大的劇作家湯顯祖他和莎士比亞同一年逝世6湯顯祖所著的《牡丹亭》影響品。但是,我不知道在英國有多少人聽說過湯顯祖或7《牡丹亭》講述的故事和《羅密歐與朱麗葉》很相似,以虛實(shí)的愛情,充滿了甜蜜和悲傷。這部劇非常長,全本十集要演十個(gè)晚上。去年夏天劇院帶來的精簡版三集昆曲《牡丹亭》分三個(gè)晚上在薩德勒斯劇院連續(xù)上演,,受到了英國觀眾的熱烈歡迎。8但是令人失望的是,在英國這樣一個(gè)熱愛祖的名字和作品卻鮮為人知。是不是我們可以認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)在是西方應(yīng)該努力更多了解中國的時(shí),對莎士比亞戲劇的改編在中,。了中國一代又一代劇作家和小說家,被譽(yù)為世界級戲劇精他的作品。交融的藝術(shù)手法描述了一段跨越兩界,蘇州昆·威爾斯場場爆滿歷史、對好的戲劇有高雅品位的國度里,湯顯候了？9在中國,西方文化被廣泛地講授和學(xué)習(xí),但我認(rèn)為,現(xiàn)在到了中國和中國文化更好地被西方世界10我曾在英國度過了兩年愉快的工作和生活時(shí)光,但我也遇到過一些困難。我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn),雙方關(guān)系往往是因?yàn)槿狈ο嗔私舛霈F(xiàn)問題或者加深矛盾,致使我們的交流出現(xiàn)本不應(yīng)該有的障礙。11去年八月我在北京。一天,我在街頭漫步,突然下起雨來了解的時(shí)候?；フJ(rèn)識和,我匆忙躲進(jìn)了一家書店避雨。我驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)有好幾個(gè)書架上擺得滿滿的都是英文原版書。但在英國的書店里,卻很難找到中國作家寫的介紹當(dāng)代中國的書籍,即使在大學(xué)圖書館里也不多見。12或許,這從某種國越來越有興趣了解西方,西方也越來越有興趣了解中國。13奧運(yùn)會(huì)讓世界助于在我們兩14今天,我謹(jǐn)代表中國駐英使節(jié)向大家承諾,我們會(huì)一如既往支持你們的活動(dòng),支持我們國家與英國之間的文化交流。程度上解釋了中西方之間信息為什么不平衡。然而,好消息是,現(xiàn)在中更貼近中國,也讓中國更貼近世界。我相信像今天這樣的文化交流活動(dòng)有個(gè)偉大的民族之間逐步架起友誼和理解的。一每步都是有益的。15最后,我非常高興地提議,讓我們?yōu)橥ど勘葋喐杀eysPre-reading1Shakespeareisagreatplaywrightandpoet.HewrotemanyfamousplayslikeRomeoandJuliet,TheMerchantofVenice,Macbeth,andHenryVI.ThemostfamousplayIhaveeverreadisHamlet,oneofhisfourgreattragedies.

2ZhangYimou,aChinesemoviedirector,hascontributedagreatdealtothespreadingofChineseculturethroughmanymoviessuchasRedSorghum,RaisetheRedLantern,andHero.OneofthethemesinhismoviesistheresilienceofChinesepeopleinthefaceofhardshipsandadversities,whichhasbeenexploredtothefullestinToLive.Comprehension11)imbalance2)goingstrong3)disappointing4)original5)growinginterest6)Cultural7)bridges21T2T3F4F5TVocabularyandstructure11heroine2enemy3essay4novel21involve;involved2diplomatic;diplomacy3negotiate;negotiations4pushy;pushed31adaptedinto2driveithome3agoodsupplyof4onbehalfof5popinto6wentnowhere4Withthewin,theyreclaimedthecupforthefirsttimesince1995.Whatyousaidwastrue,butneverthelessunkind.HeisbasedinBeijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina.Notknowingtheway,shestoppedtoaskapasserby.Thereissomemisunderstandingbetweenthem,whichcanbepartlyexplainedbytheirlackofcommunication.WehavebeeninParislongenough;it’stimewemovedon.Translation11現(xiàn)在莎士比亞戲劇中的許多男女主人公在中國家喻戶曉，許多臺詞幾乎已成為地道的中文表達(dá)。2奧運(yùn)會(huì)讓世界更貼近中國,也讓中國更貼近世界。我相信像今天這樣的文化交流活動(dòng)有助民族之間逐步架起友誼和理解的橋梁。于在我們兩個(gè)偉大的2ThePeonyPavilionbyTangXianzu,aplaywrightoftheMingDynasty,isaclassicofKunquOpera,andahouseholdnameinChina.Itdescribesthelovestoryoftheheroandheroineandreflectstheyoungmenandwomen’spursuitforthefreedomoflove.Oralwork（略）GrammarKeys11B2C3B4C5B21Thegirlhidherboxwithoutanyoneknowingwhereitwas.2Thekidfeelsexcitedwithhispaintingpraisedbyhisteacher.3Theboywaswalkingwithhisfatherahead.4Hestoodatthedoorwithacupinhishand.5Somanypeopleabsent,themeetinghadtobecalledoff.WritingKeys11persuasive2SentenceA3examples4A2（略）CultureexpressScriptsIntalkingabouttheBeltandRoadInitiative,wecanstartfrom1978.AtaCPCCentralCommitteemeeting,thePartymadeamajordecision.Chinabeganimplementingthereformandopening-uppolicy.Forthenext40years,theworldwitnessedChina’srapiddevelopment.Now,Chinahasbecometheworld’ssecond-largesteconomy.Chinahasthemostcompleteindustrialsystem.Thereformandopening-uphaschangedthelivesofalmosteverycitizen.AsChinahasbeenmovingtowardanexport-orientedeconomysince1978,manypolicieshavebeenadopted,suchasstimulatingexportandforeigninvestments.