浙江專用2022版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀七選五專練四含解析新人教版

閱讀七選五專練(四)(限時(shí)25分鐘)ASomepeoplecansitoutsideallsummerlongandnotsufferfrommosquitobites.Othersgetalotofbites.Whatgives?1.Mosquitoesusespecializedbehaviorsandsensoryorganstofindvictimsbyfollowingthesubtle(微妙的)chemicaltracestheirbodiesleavebehind.Inparticular,mosquitoesrelyoncarbondioxidetofindtheirhosts.Mosquitoesstartflyingupwindtowardsthecarbondioxideastheysenseit.2.

Thingsstartgettingpersonalwhenmosquitoesgetabout3feetawayfromagroupofpotentialtargets.Inclosequarters,mosquitoestakeintoaccountalotoffactorsthatvaryfrompersontoperson,includingskintemperature,thepresenceofwatervaporandcolor.Scientistsbelievethatmosquitoesrelyonthechemicalcompoundsproducedbythebacterialivingonourskintochoosevictims.3.

Ifyoucompareafatheranddaughterinthesamehousehold,therecanbedifferencesintheamountsofthechemicalsthebacteriaaremaking.Researchersfoundthatmenwithagreaterdiversityofskinbacteriatendedtogetfewermosquitobitesthanmenwithlessdiverseskinbacteriadid.4.Thecompositionofthosebacteriacanalsovaryovertimeinthesameindividual,particularlyifthatpersonissick.

Wedon’thavemuchcontroloverthebacteriaonourskin,butscientistsdidoffersomeadvicebasedontheirresearch.5,soconsiderwearingsomethinglighteratyournextcookout.

A.MosquitoeslovethecolorblackB.MosquitoeshaveagoodsenseofsmellC.ThesechemicalcompoundsvaryfrompersonD.SomechemicalcompoundsattractmosquitoesE.It’smostlyabouttheinvisiblechemicalsaroundusF.Usingcarbondioxide,mosquitoescanlockontotargetsfrom50metersawayG.Thesedifferencescanaccountforbigdifferencesinhowmanybitesapersongets【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,解釋了為什么有些人容易被蚊子咬,而有些人則不被蚊子咬。1.【解析】選E。下句提到“byfollowingthesubtlechemicaltraces”,E選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)chemicals一詞,與之呼應(yīng),同時(shí)也是對(duì)上段末尾Whatgives的回答。故選E。2.【解析】選F。F項(xiàng)中的carbondioxide與上句中該詞屬“詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)”。是對(duì)上句的進(jìn)一步解釋。3.【解析】選C。C項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了上句中的chemicalcompounds,與上句談?wù)摰氖峭粋€(gè)話題,銜接合理。4.【解析】選G。G項(xiàng)中的Thesedifferences與本段第一句中“differences”指的是同一種“不同”。G項(xiàng)中的“howmanybitesapersongets”與上句語(yǔ)義一致。5.【解析】選A。根據(jù)空格后的“somethinglighter”可知,此句談?wù)摰氖欠b顏色,所以A項(xiàng)“蚊子喜歡黑色”符合語(yǔ)境?！局R(shí)拓展】詞匯積累specializedadj.專業(yè)的;專門的particular adj.特別的;詳細(xì)的;獨(dú)有的personal adj.個(gè)人的;身體的;親自的potential adj.潛在的,可能的diversity n.多樣性;差異individual adj.個(gè)人的;個(gè)別的BThehumanbodycan’thandleextremeheat.Theprocessesthatkeepusaliveworkbestwithinacertaintemperaturewindow.That’sgenerallybetweenabout36°and37°Celsius,dependingontheperson.Ifsomeone’sbodytemperaturegoeshigher,thebody’sprimaryresponsetoheatistotryandgetridofit.Togetridoftheheat,bloodvessels(血管)intheskinexpand.1Thatpushesbloodflowtotheskin.There,thebloodcanreleaseheattocooldown.Meanwhile,sweatingkicksintocooltheskin.

2Thatlimitdependsonanindividual’shealth,aswellasthetemperatureandhumidity(濕度)outside.Iftheoutsidetemperaturesarehotterthanthebody,bloodattheskinwon’treleaseheat.Andwherehumidityishigh,sweatingwon’tcooltheskin.

3Inthatcase,peoplecanexperienceheatexhaustion,whichcausesweakness,dizzinessandsickness.Ifapersonstilldoesn’tcooloff,heatstroke(中暑)mayoccur.4Thiscanallowthebodytemperaturetoclimbashighas40°C.Thatishighfever.Withouttreatment,deathmayfollow.

Nooneisimmunetoheat.Butithitssomegroupsharderthanothers.Theelderlyareconsideredthemosteasytobeattacked.Onereason:Theyhavefewersweatglands.Buttheirbodiesalsorespondmoreslowlytorisingtemperatures.5

Manypeopleseeheatasmoreofanannoyancethanathreat.Butclimatechange,extremeheatandhumanhealthareallconnected.AsEarth’stemperaturesclimb,extremeheatwaveswillprobablybecomemorecommon,endangeringmorepeople.A.Thebodycan’tenduretoomuchheat.B.Atthesametime,theheartbeginsbeatingfaster.C.Butthereisalimittohowmuchthebodycanadjust.D.Thissignalsthatthebody’sabilitytoregulateheathasbrokendown.E.Ifthebodytemperaturestayshighforlong,someorganscanbedamaged.F.Ifthebodyhastokeepdealingwithheatwithoutabreak,itgetswornout.G.Children,too,areatriskbecausetheyhaven’tfullydevelopedtheabilitytoregulateheat.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了過高的溫度對(duì)人生命的影響。1.【解析】選B。根據(jù)空格后的句子“Thatpushesbloodflowtotheskin.”可知,上句應(yīng)該涉及心臟的內(nèi)容。故選B。2.【解析】選C。空格位于段首,一般起到上下段之間邏輯聯(lián)系的作用。上段提到血液和汗液對(duì)降溫的作用。本段下文提到個(gè)體情況以及外部溫度對(duì)體溫調(diào)劑的影響。上下段之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。3.【解析】選F。根據(jù)下句中的Inthatcase,可知空格處與下句之間為因果關(guān)系。再根據(jù)下句中exhaustion與F項(xiàng)中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換詞wornout可知,F項(xiàng)正確。4.【解析】選D。根據(jù)前面的“heatstrokemayoccur”可知,D項(xiàng)(這表明身體調(diào)節(jié)熱量的能力已經(jīng)崩潰)語(yǔ)意連貫,符合語(yǔ)境。5.【解析】選G。本段先提出“ithitssomegroupsharderthanothers”,然后舉例說明這一現(xiàn)象,第一個(gè)例子為“Theelderly...”;G項(xiàng),“Children,too,areatrisk”與第一個(gè)例子并列,邏輯合理。CHowtheInternetWorksTheInternetConnectsSmallerNetworksInaverysimplecomputernetwork,twocomputersarelinkedtogetherinordertocommunicate.1.Youcanexpandthatnetworktoincludemorecomputerseasilywitharouter.Whenonerouterisconnectedtoanother,thenetworkisabletoscalewithoutlimit.

CommunicatingovertheInternetOntheInternet,datafromindividualcomputersandnetworksissenttotheuser’sInternetserviceprovider(ISP).2.UserscancommunicatewithaspecificcomputerontheInterneteitherbytypinginthecomputer’sInternetprotocol(IP)addressorbyusingitsdomainname(域名).

TraditionalInternetInfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)3.Modemschangethedatafrombusinessandhomenetworksintoinformationthatcanbemanagedoverthetelephoneinfrastructure.Insteadofthepoint-to-pointcircuitswitchingusedintraditionalvoicecalling,theInternetusespacketswitchingforsendingdataamongcountlesscomputers.

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Whilethetwowordsaresometimesusedalmostinterchangeably,theInternetisnotthesamethingastheWeb.TheWebisaservicebuiltontopoftheInternet.Fortypingindomainnamesandbrowsingwebsites,end-usersrelyonWebbrowsersoftware.Webbrowserssendmessagestocertaincomputersonthenetwork,whichareknownasWebservers.RiseoftheMobileInternetWiththepopularityofmobilesmartphonesandtabletscomputers,amobileInternethasarisenthatusestowerstopassinformationtoandfromsatellites.Thephonesusetheirbuilt-inantennas(天線)tosendinformationtothetowersandfetchdata.5.

A.TheInternetisdifferentfromtheWebB.WeusetwowordstodescribetheInternetC.Typically,thisisdoneeitherphysicallyorwirelesslyD.Traditionally,thedatatraffichasrunovercablenetworksE.Generally,wecancommunicatewitheachotherviathesatelliteF.EachISPrunsspecialrouterscapableofcommunicatingwithothersG.Thus,cellphonescanbeusedwhereveryoucanconnectwithatowerstation【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的運(yùn)行方式。1.【解析】選C?？疾樯舷挛穆?lián)系。本段解釋什么是電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò),C項(xiàng)中的this指代上文中的“simplecomputernetwork”,C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。2.【解析】選F?？疾樯舷挛恼Z(yǔ)義的連續(xù)性。根據(jù)關(guān)聯(lián)信息ISP可知,F項(xiàng)與上句涉及的內(nèi)容一致。符合語(yǔ)境。3.【解析】選D?？疾樯舷挛恼Z(yǔ)義的連續(xù)性。根據(jù)D項(xiàng)中Traditionally可知,此選項(xiàng)與標(biāo)題語(yǔ)義一致,cablenetworks與標(biāo)題中的Infrastructure語(yǔ)義有關(guān)聯(lián)。故選D。4.【解析】選A?？疾槎温錁?biāo)題。本段主要講述Internet與Web兩個(gè)詞的不同。故選A。5.【解析】選G?？疾榭偨Y(jié)與歸納。本段主要講述移動(dòng)網(wǎng)絡(luò),以及手機(jī)接收信息的原理,故G項(xiàng)順承上句,符合語(yǔ)境?！局R(shí)拓展】長(zhǎng)難句分析Modemschangethedatafrombusinessandhomenetworksintoinformationthatcanbemanagedoverthetelephoneinfrastructure.分析:modems調(diào)制解調(diào)器;change...into...把……轉(zhuǎn)換成……;telephoneinfrastructure電話基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾information。譯文:調(diào)制解調(diào)器將來自商業(yè)和家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成可以通過電話基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施進(jìn)行管理的信息。DPushyourselfandyou’llfindhowstrongyouareHowstrongareyou?Thatisatoughquestiontoanswerbothtoamanandawoman.Buthowdoyoudefineyourstrength?Howdoyouknowyourlimits?1Whenpushcomestopress,weoftendiscoverthatwearemuchstrongerthanwethink.

2Strengthisnotalwaysaboutpurephysicalstrength.Rather,itisaboutwillpower.Itisaboutthecapacitytogetthingsdone.

Iknowsomepeoplewhoareintellectuallystrong,buttheygetverylittledoneintheirjobs.AndIknowotherswhofindworkextremelychallenging,butareabletomovemountainsbytheirfulldriveandhardwork.Theypossessinnerstrength.Moreinterestingisthattheseproductivehard-workersoftendon’tevennoticetheload.Bystandersarenotonlyamazedbutoftenask,“Howdoyoudoit?”Theanswerusuallycomesback,“Ijustworkharderthantheothers.”So,whyaresomepeopleabletodomore?Whatgivesthemaddeddrive?Whatgivesthemextrastrength?Coulditbe,theyhavesimplygiventhemselvespermissiontodomore?Self-setlimits.3Sometimestheseboundariesarebasedonpastexperiences.Sometimestheyarebasedonsensedcapacities.Sometimestheselimitsarebasedonnothing.So,howdowebreakthroughtheselimits?Howdowegetstronger?

Pushingit.Manypeoplearegoingthroughthemotions,butarenowhereneartheirlimits.4Pushingitiswhatittakestoincreaseyourlimits.

Inthegym,bodybuildersdiscoveredthislongago.But,thesameprincipleistruewhenitcomestoinnerstrength.Disciplineanddrive.Wanttotestyourlimits?Pushyourself.Testyourself-awarelimitationtoseehowaccuratetheyare.Makesureyourgoalsareslightlybeyondwhatyouthinkcanbeachieved.Youarestrongerthanyouthink.Mostpeopleunderestimatetheirstrength.Asyougothroughyourday,challengeyourcapacity.Testyourlimits.Pushyourselftofindyourtrueboundariesanddefineyourstrength.5

A.WhatisStrength?B.Canyoubesureifyouhaven’ttried?C.Howdoyouknowjusthowmuchyou’vegot?D.WhatIhaveobservedisthatmostpeoplesettheirownlimits.E.Ifyouwanttobestronger,youhavetopushyourboundaries.F.Whenyoudiscoverhowmuchyou’vereallygot,youmaysurpriseevenyourself.G.Theylimittheiroutput