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PerennialFlowers:BedPreparation,Maintenance,andDesignDavidHillockAssistantExtensionSpecialist/ConsumerHorticulturePerennialFlowersAdvantages:Easytogrow,morepermanentVersatile,sturdy,&relativelycheapChangeofcoloroverseasonVariationintexture&formMovablePerennialFlowersDisadvantages:ShortbloomperiodPruningtokeepattractiveRequiredivisionSiteSelection&SoilPreparationcont.PreparingsoilismoreimportantsinceundisturbedforlongerperiodsPlantingPlantingtimes:Latesummer-orfall-flowering–plantinspringSpring-flowering–plantinlatesummerorfallAllowsufficienttimetoestablishbeforebloomoronsetofcoldweatherPlantingcont.AllowplentyofspaceforspreadPlantinclumpsorgroupsofsamevarietyPlanforsuccessionofcolor/interestthroughoutseasonMaintenance:WaterregularlyEncouragedeep,healthyrootsSoakerhosesordripAllowtodrymoderatelybetweenwateringWateroccasionallyduringwinterMaintenancecont.Mulchingapplylightmulch1-2inchesthickshadesoutweedseedmoderatessoiltemperaturesholdsmoistureapplyinwinterafterseveralkillingfrostsDonotpilemulchtooheavyMaintenancecont.Deadheading–removespent,dried-upflowersandseedpodsMaintainvigorAssureneatnessTheReader’sDigestAssociation,Inc./GIDMaintenancecont.DisbuddingGainlargerbloomsRemovesmallsidebudsStakingStakeatplantingorbeforenewgrowthbeginsIowaStateUniversityOhioStateUniversityMaintenancecont.FertilizebasedonsoiltestsDonotoverfertilizeLightfertilizationofbalancedfertilizerisbestApplyinspringMaintenancecont.Fallcare:RemovedeadfoliageifdiseaseorinsectshavebeenpresentApplywintermulchaftersoiltemperaturesdropMaintenancecont.DivisionDivideoppositefloweringtime,however,manycanbedividedinfallorlatewinterSelectonlyvigoroussideshootsFlowerSpeciesfromAtoZShadeperennialgardenAcanthusmollis–Bear’sbreechFlowerColors:purple,whiteBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:3-4’Culture:shade-partshadeUtilization:shadegarden,textureplant‘Whitewater’Aegopodiumpodagraria–bishop’sweedFlowerColors:white-ns,foliagegreenwithwhitemarginsBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:8-10〞Culture:fullsunorshade,canbeinvasive,cutbackoldfoliagewithmowerUtilization:groundcoverAjugareptans–carpetbugleweedFlowerColors:violet-blue,red,whiteorpurpleBloomtime:springHabit:6-9〞mat-likeCulture:sun,shade,toleratespoorsoilUtilization:groundcoverChocolateChipAlchemillamollis–Lady’sMantleFlowerColors:yellowish-greenorchartreuseBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:8-10〞tall(flowerstemsupto18〞),24〞wideCulture:partshadeorfullsun;moist,fertilesoilUtilization:border,groundcover,rockgarden,cutflowerAnemonexhybrida–JapaneseanemoneFlowerColors:whiteorpinkBloomtime:latesummerandfallHabit:2-4’Culture:morningsun,partshade;fertile,moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:borderAquilegia–columbineFlowerColors:blue,purple,pink,red,yellow,whiteBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:1-3’erectCulture:fullsuntopartshade;excellentdrainageUtilization:borders,naturalizedsettings,cutBlackBarlowArumitalicum‘Pictum’–ItalianArumFlowerColors:whitish-greenspottedwithpurpleBloomtime:latespringHabit:12-18〞clumpCulture:fulltopartshade;keepmoistspring/earlysummerUtilization:borders,naturalizedsettings;orange-redberriesAthyriumnipponicum‘Pictum’–JapanesepaintedfernFlowerColors:NS,foliagecoarselydivided,graytoglaucoushueHabit:12-18〞,clumpCulture:parttofullshade,moisthumus-richsoil;donotallowtodryUtilization:border,accentBegoniagrandis–HardyBegoniaFlowerColors:pinkBloomtime:latesummer/fallHabit:2’tall,loosespraysofflowerclustersoverclumpofbroad,greenleavesCulture:part/fullshade,moisthumus-richsoil;toleratesdeepshadeandwalnuttreesUtilization:border,woodlandBletillastriata–HardyOrchidFlowerColors:purplishpinkBloomtime:springHabit:stifflyupright,12〞tall,9〞wideCulture:partshade,moist,organicamendedsoil;donotletdryoutUtilization:border,rockgarden,containersBrunneramacrophylla–SiberianbuglossFlowerColors:blueBloomtime:springHabit:12-18〞,clumpCulture:parttofullshade,moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:perennialborder,naturalizedplanting,deciduousgroundcoverGaliumodoratum–sweetwoodruffFlowerColor:white-fragrantBloomtime:latespringHabit:4-6〞,groundcoverwitherectstemsCulture:parttofullshade;moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:rockgarden,naturalized,groundcoverHakonechloamacra–hakonegrassFlowerColor:notshowy;bamboo-likefoliagebrightgreentoyellow–pinkishredfallcolorHabit:1-2’,weephorizontallyCulture:moist,well-drainedsoil;lightshadetohalf-daysunUtilization:groundcover,border,containersHelleborusspp.–Hellebores,LentenroseFlowerColors:white,pink,spotted,plumBloomtime:latewintertospringHabit:12-18〞tallandwide;evergreenfoliageCulture:partshade,highorganic,well-drainedsoil;neutraltoslightlyalkalineUtilization:border,cut,hummingbirds/bees;unpalatabletodeer,rabbits,gophersandmoles;poisonousHeucherasanguinea–coralbells,alumrootFlowerColors:white,pink,redBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:12-20〞tall,12〞wideCulture:partshade,well-drainedsoilUtilization:border,cut,hummingbirds/beesPewterVeilPalacePurpleAmberWavesHarmonicConvergencexHeucherella

FlowerColors:white,pink,redBloomtime:midspringtoearlysummerHabit:12-18〞tall,spreading,clumpforminggroundcoverCulture:partshade,well-drainedsoilUtilization:border,groundcoverSunspotLamiummaculatum–

spotteddeadnettleFlowerColors:mauve-pink,pink,whiteBloomtime:latespringtomidsummerHabit:widespreadingclump8-12〞tallCulture:parttofullshade;well-drained,moistsoilUtilization:groundcover,edgingforborderLigulariaspp.–RagwortFlowerColors:yellowish-orangeBloomtime:midsummertoearlyfallHabit:mounded,3-4’tallCulture:parttofullshade;well-drained,moisttowetsoilUtilization:specimen,boggardenBrittMarieCrawfordLycorissquamigera–ResurrectionLily,SurpriseLilyLeavesappearinspring,thendisappearinsummerFlowerscapesariseinlatesummerFullsun/partshadeFlowerColors:whiteBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:2-3’tall,2-4’spreadCulture:fullsuntopartshade;moist,well-drainedsoil(aggressivespreader)Utilization:woodland,naturalizedareas,perennialborder;rabbitresistantLysimachiaclethroides–GooseneckLoosestrifeFlowerColors:white,red,pinkBloomtime:latesummer-fallHabit:4’tallandwideCulture:partshade,shade,sun;moistordrysoilsUtilization:woodland,naturalizedareas,perennialborder;droughttolerantnative.Birds,butterflies,hummingbirds.Malvaviscusarboreusvar.drummondii–Turk’sCapFlowerColors:yellowishgreentogreenishwhite;bluishblackfruitinfallBloomtime:latespringHabit:2-3’tallwitharchingstems,2’wideCulture:shade;cool,moistsoilUtilization:woodland,naturalizedareas,perennialborder;nativetoNAPolygonatumbiflorum–Solomon’sSealFlowerColors:pink,whiteorblue;variegatedfoliageBloomtime:latespringHabit:1’spreadingclump,2’wideCulture:fullshadetopartshade;cool,moistsoilUtilization:frontofborderorasgroundcover;singlespecimenPulmonaria–LungwortFlowerColor:redandyellowBloomtime:springHabit:1-2’tall,1?’wideCulture:parttofullshade;moistordrysoilsUtilization:woodland,perennialborder,nativegarden;droughttolerant.Hummingbirds.Spigeliamarilandica–IndianPinkFlowerColors:brightyellowBloomtime:springHabit:upright,18〞tall,12〞wideCulture:shade;well-drained,moistsoilUtilization:woodlandgarden,shadeperennialborder(native)Stylophorumdiphyllum–Celandinepoppy,

woodlandpoppyFlowerColors:Palelilac,pink,orredwithpurplespotsBloomtime:latesummer,fallHabit:upright,2-3’tall,2’wideCulture:shade;well-drained,moistsoilUtilization:woodlandgarden,shadeperennialborder,deerresistantTricyrtishirta–ToadLilySunPerennialGardenAgastache–anise-hyssop,hummingbirdmintFlowerColors:blue,red,pink,orange,whiteBloomtime:latesummerHabit:3’erectCulture:sun,moistwell-drainedsoilUtilization:border;bee,hummingbird,butterfly;flowersfragrantGoldenJubileeAjaniapacifica–PacificamumFlowerColors:yellow,foliagegraygreenwithsilveredgeBloomtime:Oct.Habit:1-2’,spreadingto3’Culture:sun,part-shade;moistwell-drainedsoilUtilization:Rockgardens,borderforegrounds,containers.Attractivegroundcover.Amorphacanescens–

LeadPlantFlowerColors:purplewithorange-tippedstamensBloomtime:May-JulyHabit:3-4’shrubCulture:sun,anysoilUtilization:border;nativegarden(trueprairieplant)Amsoniaspp.–BlueStarFlowerColors:blueBloomtime:springHabit:3’uprightspreadingCulture:sun,moistwell-drainedsoilUtilization:border;nativegardenAmsoniahubrichtii

Amsonia‘BlueIce’Artemisia–wormwoodFlowerColors:ns;silver-whitefoliageHabit:1-4’roundedCulture:sun,drywell-drainedsoilUtilization:cut,bed,borderAsclepiastuberosa–butterflyweedFlowerColors:orangeBloomtime:latespringtomidsummerHabit:18-36〞tallCulture:sun,dryinfertilesoilUtilization:border,meadow,cut,butterflyBaptisiaaustralis–falseindigoFlowerColors:indigo-blue,white,yellow(B.sphaerocarpa)Bloomtime:midtolatespringHabit:3-4’erect,4’wideCulture:sun,partshade,well-drainedsoil,lowfertility,droughttolerantUtilization:specimen,border;podsusefulfordriedarrangementsCallirhoeinvolucrata–winecup,poppymallowFlowerColors:deepreddish-purpleBloomtime:allsummerHabit:6-12〞tall,spreadto3’Culture:sun,toleratesdrysoils,taprootUtilization:border,rockgarden,groundcoverCeratostigmaplumbaginoides–plumbago,leadwortFlowerColors:darkblueBloomtime:summertolatefallHabit:8-12〞tall,12-18〞wideCulture:partshadeorfullsun,well-drainedUtilization:groundcover,rockgardenChelonelyonii–PinkTurtleheadFlowerColors:pink;alsowhiteandrosefloweringspeciesBloomtime:latesummertoearlyfallHabit:3’tall,2’wideCulture:partshadeorfullsun,consistentlymoisttowetUtilization:alongstreamorpond,border,orwildgardenCoreopsisverticillata–threadleafcoreopsis,whorledtickseedFlowerColors:brighttoclearyellowBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:2-3’,dense,erectclump,2’wideCulture:sun,dry;droughtresistantUtilization:border,naturalizedarea,wildflowergardenZagrebCrocosmiaxcrocosmiiflora–crocosmia,montbretiaFlowerColors:yellow,orangetoorange-redBloomtime:midtolatesummerHabit:1-3’erectplantCulture:fullsun,moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:border,container,cut,hummingbirdplantCynaracardunculus–cardoonFlowerColors:purple/lavenderBloomtime:latesummertofallHabit:3-6’h,1-3’wCulture:fullsun,moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:closecousintoartichoke(edible),border,container,specimen,cutDelospermanubigenum–hardyiceplantFlowerColors:yellow,(D.cooperi–purple)Bloomtime:springHabit:1〞highspreading3’Culture:sun,needswelldrainedsoil;tolerateslight,sandysoilsUtilization:groundcover,rockgardenEchinaceapurpurea–purpleconeflowerFlowerColors:purple,whiteBloomtime:summerHabit:2-4’erect,2’wideCulture:sun,lightshade;well-drainedsoil,droughtresistantUtilization:border,cut,naturalizedareaMagnus

SunsetMangoMeadowbrightRubyStarSunriseKim’sKneeHighTomatoSoupTikiTorchPinkPoodleEupatoriumspp.–JoePyeweedFlowerColors:mauvepink,purple,whiteBloomtime:latesummer,fallHabit:2-7’Culture:suntopartialshade;moist,wetsoilUtilization:border,raingarden;butterflies;deerresistantEuphorbiaspp.–euphorbia,spurgeFlowerColors:yellowtochartreuse,orange-redBloomtime:springtoearlysummerHabit:6〞-3’Culture:suntopartialshade;moistordryUtilization:border,rockgardenFestucacinerea–bluefescueFlowerColor:NS,bluefoliageHabit:6-10〞,dense,hemisphericalclumpCulture:sun,partshade,well-drained;toleratesdry,infertilesoilUtilization:edging,mass,groundcoverGaillardiaxgrandiflora–blanketflower,IndianblanketFlowerColors:red,yellow,combinationsBloomtime:summerHabit:2-3’Culture:sun,light,well-drainedsoilUtilization:cut,borderFanfareSundanceBicolorGauralindheimeri–Gaura,whirlingbutterfliesFlowerColors:pink,whiteBloomtime:earlysummertofrostHabit:vaseshapedto5’Culture:sun,well-drainedsoil;taproot,droughttolerantUtilization:borderGeraniumsanguineum–cranesbill,bloodredgeraniumFlowerColors:magenta,pink,whiteBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:6-12〞,spread24〞Culture:partshade,moistsoil;willtoleratefullsunUtilization:border,rockgarden,groundcoverHelianthusangustifolius–SwamporNarrow-leafSunflowerFlowerColors:yellowBloomtime:fallHabit:6-7’,3-4’wideCulture:fullsun;moistsoil(nativetowetlandareas)Utilization:border,accentHeliotropiumamplexicaule–

HardyHeliotropeFlowerColors:violetwithyellowcenterBloomtime:springtofallHabit:12〞,spread2-3’Culture:fullsun-partshade;droughttolerantUtilization:border,rockgarden,groundcoverHibiscuscoccineus–StarHibiscus,ScarletRoseMallow,SwampHibiscusFlowerColors:deepredBloomtime:earlytolatesummerHabit:3-6’tallCulture:fullsun-partshade;wetsoils,butquitedroughttolerantUtilization:border,boggarden;raingardenLysimachianummularia–

creepingjenny,moneywortFlowerColors:yellowBloomtime:latespringHabit:2-4〞,spreadingCulture:sunorshade;moistsoilUtilization:rockgarden,groundcover,edgingNarcissusspp.–daffodil,narcissusFlowerColors:white,yellow,orange,orange-red,pinkshadesBloomtime:springHabit:6-24〞,erectCulture:sun,partshade,well-drainedsoilUtilization:naturalizedarea,borderNepetaspp.–catmintFlowerColors:lavenderblueBloomtime:springHabit:1-2’h,1?-3’w,moundingCulture:sun,partshade,moist,well-drainedsoilUtilization:border,herbor

rockgarden,naturalizedarea,asgroundcover;attractsbutterflies&beesPaeoniahybrids.–peony,

(P.suffruticosa)–treepeonyFlowerColors:variousBloomtime:latespringtoearlysummerHabit:3’,roundhabitCulture:sun,lightshade;well-drained,deepfertilesoilUtilization:specimeninborder,cutPhotocourtesymonroviaPanicumvirgatum–switchgrassFlowerColors:pinkish,reddish,orsilvery,maturetograyishwhite;foliagemediumgreen,toblue-green,orreddependingoncultivar.Bloomtime:summertofallHabit:4-7’,uprightCulture:sun,partshade;dryorwetsoilsUtilization:

Nativetallgrassprairiespecies,naturalizing,border,Attractsbirds.NorthwindCloudNinePenstemonbarbatus–penstemon,beardtongueFlowerColors:scarletpink,pink,orange,whiteBloomtime:latespringtomidsummerHabit:18-36〞,roundCulture:sun,toleratesdry,prefersmoistsoilUtilization:naturalizing,border,cutHuskerRedP.digitalis-SmoothPenstemonRudbeckiagrandiflora–LargeConeflowerFlowerColor:yellowBloomtime:June-JulyHabit:2-3’Culture:sun,preferswell-drained,drysoil.VerydroughttolerantUtilization:border,wildflower/nativeRudbeckiahirtavar.pulcherrima–black-